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44-755: Elizabeth Bishop (February 8, 1911 – October 6, 1979) was an American poet and short-story writer. She was Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress from 1949 to 1950, the Pulitzer Prize winner for Poetry in 1956, the National Book Award winner in 1970, and the recipient of the Neustadt International Prize for Literature in 1976. Dwight Garner argued in 2018 that she was perhaps "the most purely gifted poet of

88-531: A National Book Award . The last new book of poems to appear in her lifetime, Geography III (1977) included frequently anthologized poems like "In the Waiting Room" and " One Art ". This book led to Bishop's being the first American and the first woman to be awarded the Neustadt International Prize for Literature . Bishop's The Complete Poems, 1927–1979 was published posthumously in 1983. Other posthumous publications included The Collected Prose (1984;

132-566: A Complete Concordance". She lived in France for several years in the mid-1930s with a friend from Vassar, Louise Crane , who was a paper-manufacturing heiress. In 1938, the two of them purchased a house at 624 White Street in Key West , Florida. While living there Bishop made the acquaintance of Pauline Pfeiffer Hemingway, who had divorced Ernest Hemingway in 1940. She later lived in an apartment at 611 Frances Street. From 1949 to 1950, she

176-512: A bachelor's degree in 1934. Bishop was greatly influenced by the poet Marianne Moore , to whom she was introduced by a librarian at Vassar in 1934. Moore took a keen interest in Bishop's work and, at one point, Moore dissuaded Bishop from attending Cornell Medical School , where Bishop had briefly enrolled after moving to New York City following her Vassar graduation. Regarding Moore's influence on Bishop's writing, Bishop's friend and Vassar peer,

220-508: A collection of more than 10,000 titles related to the history of psychiatry, helping to build up the Oskar Diethelm Historical Library. The Cornell University Medical College was renamed the " Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University " after then- Citigroup chairman Sanford I. Weill pledged a $ 100 million donation to Cornell University for its biomedical research in 1998. In 2015,

264-493: A compilation of her essays and short stories) and Edgar Allan Poe & the Juke-box: Uncollected Poems, Drafts, and Fragments (2006), whose publication aroused some controversy. Meghan O'Rourke notes in an article from Slate magazine, It's no wonder ... that the recent publication of Bishop's hitherto uncollected poems, drafts, and fragments ... encountered fierce resistance, and some debate about

308-509: A composer. She gave up music because of her terror of performing, and switched her major to English, taking courses in 16th- and 17th-century literature. Bishop published her work in her senior year in The Magazine , a California publication. In 1933, she co-founded Con Spirito , a rebel literary magazine at Vassar, with writer Mary McCarthy , Margaret Miller, and the sisters Eunice and Eleanor Clark . Bishop graduated from Vassar with

352-400: A dark and lonely fictional creature inspired by what Bishop noted was "[a] newspaper misprint for 'mammoth'") and "The Fish" (in which Bishop describes a caught fish in exacting detail). But she did not publish a follow-up until nine years later. That volume, titled Poems: North & South—A Cold Spring , first published in 1955, included her first book, plus the 18 new poems that constituted

396-734: A joint hospital-educational campus in Yorkville in 1932. In 1927, William Payne Whitney 's $ 27 million donation led to the building of the Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic , which became the name for Cornell's large psychiatric effort. Its Training School for Nurses became affiliated with the university in 1942, operating as the Cornell Nursing School until it closed in 1979. In 1936, the Swiss professor and psychiatrist Oskar Diethelm contributed

440-489: A prolific writer, Bishop noted that she would begin many projects and leave them unfinished. Two years after publishing her last book, Geography III (1977), she died of a cerebral aneurysm in her apartment at Lewis Wharf , Boston, and is buried in Hope Cemetery (Worcester, Massachusetts) . Her requested epitaph, the last two lines from her poem "The Bight" — "All the untidy activity continues, / awful but cheerful" —

484-479: A small amount of material from her personal life, was known for its highly detailed, objective, and distant point of view, and for its reticence on the kinds of personal subject matter that the work of her contemporaries involved. She used discretion when writing about details and people from her life. "In the Village", a piece about her childhood and her mentally unstable mother, is written as a third-person narrative;

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528-532: A successful builder, died when she was eight months old, Bishop's mother became mentally ill and was institutionalized in 1916. (Bishop would later write about the time of her mother's struggles in her short story "In the Village".) Effectively orphaned during early childhood, she lived with her maternal grandparents on a farm in Great Village, Nova Scotia , a period she referred to in her writing. Bishop's mother remained in an asylum until her death in 1934, and

572-620: Is "derived from ... Bishop's story 'In the Village'." "North Haven", one of the last of her poems published during her lifetime, was written in memory of Lowell in 1978. Bishop had an independent income from early adulthood, as a result of an inheritance from her deceased father, that did not run out until near the end of her life. This income allowed her to travel widely, though cheaply, without worrying about employment, and to live in many cities and countries, which are described in her poems. She wrote frequently about her love of travel in poems like "Questions of Travel" and "Over 2000 Illustrations and

616-503: Is affiliated with several hospitals and medical centers, including NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital , Weill Cornell Medical Center , Hospital for Special Surgery , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , and Rockefeller University , all of which are located on or near York Avenue and Sutton Place . Since 2004, Weill Cornell has also been affiliated with Houston Methodist Hospital . In 1991, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Rockefeller University joined Weill Cornell to establish

660-543: Is depicted in the 2013 film Reaching for the Moon . During her time in Brazil, Bishop became increasingly interested in the literature of the country. She was influenced by Brazilian poets, including João Cabral de Melo Neto and Carlos Drummond de Andrade , and translated their work into English. Regarding Andrade, she said, "I didn't know him at all. He's supposed to be very shy. I'm supposed to be very shy. We've met once—on

704-500: Is through a child's point of view. The poem highlights that although young and naive the child has some instinctive awareness of the severe impact of death. She combines reality and imagination, a technique also used in her poem "Sestina". Bishop's poem "Sestina", published in 1956 in The New Yorker , depicts a real-life experience. After her father's death when she was a baby and following her mother's nervous breakdown when she

748-819: The Tri-Institutional MD–PhD Program . In 2001, the school opened the Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar , a medical school in Qatar . The Cornell Medical College was founded on April 14, 1898, with an endowment by Col. Oliver H. Payne . The college was established in New York City because Ithaca , where the Cornell main campus is located, was deemed too small to offer adequate clinical training opportunities. James Ewing

792-506: The 12th century, focused on the emphases of ending words in each line, giving the poem a sense of form and pattern. Bishop is widely known for her skill in the sestina format. Bishop lectured in higher education for a number of years starting in the 1970s when her inheritance began to run out. For a short time she taught at the University of Washington , before teaching at Harvard University for seven years. She spent several summers near

836-485: The 20th century". She was also a painter, and her poetry is noted for its careful attention to detail; Ernest Hilbert wrote “Bishop’s poetics is one distinguished by tranquil observation, craft-like accuracy, care for the small things of the world, a miniaturist’s discretion and attention." Bishop, an only child, was born in Worcester, Massachusetts , to William Thomas and Gertrude May (Bulmer) Bishop. After her father,

880-501: The 60s, Kathleen Spivack , wrote in her memoir, I think Bishop internalized the misogyny of the time. How could she not? ... Bishop had a very ambivalent relation to being a woman plus poet—plus lesbian—in the Boston/Cambridge/Harvard nexus ... Extremely vulnerable, sensitive, she hid much of her private life. She wanted nothing to do with anything that seemed to involve the women's movement. She internalized many of

924-405: The Moon (2013) is a Brazilian movie about Bishop's life when she was living in Brazil with Lota de Macedo Soares . The Portuguese title of the film is Flores Raras . Author Michael Sledge published the novel The More I Owe You , about Bishop and Soares, in 2010. Bishop's friendship with Robert Lowell was the subject of the play Dear Elizabeth , by Sarah Ruhl , which was first performed at

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968-632: The Yale Repertory Theater in 2012. The play was adapted from the two poets' letters which were collected in the book Words in Air: The Complete Correspondence Between Elizabeth Bishop and Robert Lowell . In the television show Breaking Bad , episode 2.13, "ABQ" , Jane's father enters her bedroom where there is a photograph of Elizabeth Bishop on the wall. Earlier, the father had told the police that Jane's mother's maiden name

1012-786: The book: "One can use one's life as material [for poems]—one does anyway—but these letters—aren't you violating a trust? IF you were given permission—IF you hadn't changed them... etc. But art just isn't worth that much ." Bishop's "In the Waiting Room", written in 1976, addressed the chase for identity and individuality within a diverse society as a seven-year-old girl living in Worcester, Massachusetts, during World War I. Bishop's poem "First Death in Nova Scotia", first published in 1965, describes her first encounter with death when her cousin Arthur died. In this poem, her experience of that event

1056-525: The end of her life on the island of North Haven, Maine . She taught at New York University , before finishing at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology . She commented, "I don't think I believe in writing courses at all, it's true, children sometimes write wonderful things, paint wonderful pictures, but I think they should be discouraged." In 1971 Bishop began a relationship with Alice Methfessel, who became her literary executor. Never

1100-453: The male attitudes of the day toward women, who were supposed to be attractive, appealing to men, and not ask for equal pay or a job with benefits. However, this was not necessarily how Bishop viewed herself. In an interview with The Paris Review from 1978, she said that, despite her insistence on being excluded from female poetry anthologies, she still considered herself to be "a strong feminist" but that she only wanted to be judged based on

1144-419: The new "Cold Spring" section. Bishop won the Pulitzer Prize for this book in 1956. Then there was another long wait before her next volume, Questions of Travel , in 1965. This book showed the influence that living in Brazil had had on Bishop's writing. It included poems in the book's first section that were explicitly about life in Brazil including "Arrival at Santos", "Manuelzinho", and "The Riverman". But in

1188-484: The quality of her writing and not on her gender or sexual orientation. Although generally supportive of the " confessional " style of her friend, Robert Lowell, she drew the line at his highly controversial book The Dolphin (1973), in which he used and altered private letters from his ex-wife, Elizabeth Hardwick (whom he divorced after 23 years of marriage), as material for his poems. In a letter to Lowell, dated March 21, 1972, Bishop strongly urged him against publishing

1232-419: The reader would only know of the story's autobiographical origins by knowing about Bishop's childhood. Bishop did not see herself as a "lesbian poet" or as a "female poet". Because she refused to have her work published in all-female poetry anthologies, other female poets involved with the women's movement thought she was hostile towards the movement. For instance, a student at Harvard who was close to Bishop in

1276-635: The rest of her life. Her time in Worcester is briefly chronicled in her poem "In the Waiting Room". In 1918, her grandparents, realizing that Bishop was unhappy living with them, sent her to live with her mother's eldest sister, Maude Bulmer Shepherdson, and her husband George. The Bishops paid Maude to house and educate their granddaughter. The Shepherdsons lived in a tenement in an impoverished Revere, Massachusetts , neighborhood populated mostly by Irish and Italian immigrants. The family later moved to better circumstances in Cliftondale, Massachusetts . It

1320-533: The school was renamed Weill Cornell Medicine . On September 16, 2019, Augustine M.K. Choi announced Weill Cornell Medicine would make the cost of attendance free for all students who qualify for financial aid, made possible by a $ 160 million gift from The Starr Foundation, directed by Weill Cornell Medicine overseer Maurice R. Greenberg , in partnership with gifts from Joan and Board of Overseers Chairman Emeritus Sanford I. Weill. In March 2024, Augustine M.K. Choi, professor and former Dean of Weill Cornell Medicine,

1364-401: The second section of the volume Bishop also included pieces set in other locations like "In the Village" and "First Death in Nova Scotia", which take place in her native country. Questions of Travel was her first book to include one of her short stories (the aforementioned "In the Village"). Bishop's next major publication was The Complete Poems (1969), which included eight new poems and won

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1408-593: The sidewalk at night. We had just come out of the same restaurant, and he kissed my hand politely when we were introduced." After Soares took her own life in 1967, Bishop spent more time in the United States. For a major American poet, Bishop published very sparingly. Her first book, North & South , was first published in 1946 and won the Houghton Mifflin Prize for poetry. This book included important poems like "The Man-Moth" (which describes

1452-416: The two were never reunited. Later in childhood, Bishop's paternal family gained custody. She was removed from the care of her grandparents and moved in with her father's wealthier family in Worcester, Massachusetts. However, Bishop was unhappy there, and her separation from her maternal grandparents made her lonely. While she was living in Worcester, she developed chronic asthma, from which she suffered for

1496-570: The value of making this work available to the public. In an outraged piece for The New Republic , Helen Vendler labeled the drafts "maimed and stunted" and rebuked Farrar, Straus and Giroux for choosing to publish the volume. Where some of her notable contemporaries like Robert Lowell and John Berryman made the intimate details of their personal lives an important part of their poetry, Bishop avoided this practice altogether. In contrast to this confessional style involving large amounts of self-exposure, Bishop's style of writing, though it did include

1540-1016: The work of unknown, younger poets. It was four years before Bishop addressed "Dear Miss Moore" as "Dear Marianne" and only then at the elder poet's invitation. The friendship between the two women, memorialized by an extensive correspondence, endured until Moore's death in 1972. Bishop's "At the Fishhouses" (1955) contains allusions on several levels to Moore's 1924 poem "A Grave". She was introduced to Robert Lowell by Randall Jarrell in 1947, and they became great friends, mostly through their written correspondence, until Lowell's death in 1977. After his death, she wrote, "our friendship, [which was] often kept alive through years of separation only by letters, remained constant and affectionate, and I shall always be deeply grateful for it." They also influenced each other's poetry. Lowell cited Bishop's influence on his poem "Skunk Hour" which he said, "[was] modeled on Miss Bishop's 'The Armadillo'." Also, his poem "The Scream"

1584-435: The writer Mary McCarthy stated, "Certainly between Bishop and Marianne Moore there are resemblances: the sort of close microscopic inspection of certain parts of experience. [However,] I think there is something a bit too demure about Marianne Moore, and there's nothing demure about Elizabeth Bishop." Moore helped Bishop first publish some of her poems in an anthology called Trial Balances in which established poets introduced

1628-549: Was Bishop's aunt who introduced her to the works of Victorian writers, including Alfred, Lord Tennyson , Thomas Carlyle , Robert Browning , and Elizabeth Barrett Browning . Bishop was very ill as a child and, as a result, received very little formal schooling until she attended Saugus High School for her freshman year. She was accepted to the Walnut Hill School in Natick, Massachusetts , for her sophomore year but

1672-499: Was Bishop. American people Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.226 via cp1108 cp1108, Varnish XID 211306137 Upstream caches: cp1108 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 07:52:08 GMT Cornell Medical School The school and its associated research organization

1716-710: Was added, along with her inscription, to the family monument in 1997, on the occasion of the Elizabeth Bishop Conference and Poetry Festival in Worcester. After her death, the Elizabeth Bishop House , an artists' retreat in Great Village, Nova Scotia , was dedicated to her memory. Vassar College Library acquired her literary and personal papers in 1981. Her personal correspondence and manuscripts appear in numerous other literary collections in American research libraries. Reaching for

1760-714: Was behind on her vaccinations and not allowed to attend. Instead she spent the year at the Shore Country Day School in Beverly, Massachusetts . Bishop then boarded at the Walnut Hill School, where she studied music. At Shore Country Day, her first poems were published in a student magazine by her friend Frani Blough. Bishop entered Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, New York, in the autumn of 1929, planning to study music in order to become

1804-403: Was descended from a prominent and notable political family. Although Bishop was not forthcoming about details of her romance with Soares, much of their relationship was documented in Bishop's extensive correspondence with Samuel Ashley Brown . In its later years the relationship deteriorated, becoming volatile and tempestuous, marked by bouts of depression, tantrums and alcoholism. The relationship

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1848-414: Was five, Bishop's poem notes her experience after she has gone to live with relatives. The poem is about her living with the knowledge that she would not see her mother again. Bishop writes, "Time to plant tears, says the almanac. / The grandmother sings to the marvelous stove / and the child draws another inscrutable house." The style of her poem, the sestina , is a poetry style created by Arnaut Daniel in

1892-845: Was the Consultant in Poetry for the Library of Congress , and lived at Bertha Looker's Boardinghouse, 1312 30th Street Northwest, Washington, D.C. , in Georgetown . Upon receiving a substantial ($ 2,500) traveling fellowship from Bryn Mawr College in 1951, Bishop set off to circumnavigate South America. Arriving in Santos , Brazil, in November of that year, Bishop expected to stay two weeks but stayed 15 years. She lived in Petrópolis with architect Lota (Maria Carlota) de Macedo Soares , who

1936-664: Was the first professor of clinical pathology at the school, and for a while the only full-time professor. The college founded the medical fraternity Phi Delta Epsilon on October 13, 1904. A branch of the medical school operated in Stimson Hall on the main campus. The two-year Ithaca course paralleled the first two years of the New York school. The Ithaca location closed in 1938 due to declining enrollment. The school became affiliated with New York Hospital, now NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital , in 1913. The institutions opened

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