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48-475: The Elk Hair Caddis is a dry fly commonly used for trout fishing. The Elk Hair Caddis was created by Pennsylvania fly tyer Al Troth in 1957. He is considered a pioneer in the sport of fly fishing for this invention. The Elk Hair Caddis is considered a searching type pattern as it resembles the general form of adult caddisflies or small stoneflies . Troth created the pattern and first fished it in 1957 on Loyalsock Creek in eastern Pennsylvania. The fly

96-614: A hook in order to make it attractive to fish. This is made by wrapping thread tightly around the hook and tying on the desired materials. A fly is sized by the size hook it is tied on. The construction of tube flies is different in that the tier secures materials to a tube rather than to a hook. These flies are rigged by passing the fishing line through the tube before attaching a hook. Generally, fly patterns are considered either "imitations" or "attractors". These can be further broken down into nymphs, terrestrials, dry flies, eggs, scuds, and streamers. Imitations seek to deceive fish through

144-401: A "diligence of messengers", a "melody of harpers", a "blast of hunters", "a subtlety of sergeants ", "a gaggle of women", and a "superfluity of nuns". The tradition of a large number of such collective nouns which has survived into modern Standard English ultimately goes back to this book, via the popular 1595 edition by Gervase Markham in his The Gentleman's Academic . A work added to

192-498: A good matere belongynge to horses: wyth other comendable treatyses. And ferdermore of the blasynge of armys: as hereafter it maye appere." This edition was adorned by three woodcuts , and included a "Treatyse of fysshynge wyth an Angle", not contained in the St Albans edition. Joseph Haslewood , who published a facsimile of Wynkyn de Worde's edition (London, 1811, folio) with a biographical and bibliographical notice, examined with

240-522: A hook he uses the Mustad 94840 ranging from sizes 12–18. Then he uses a dubbed body, palmer hackle, elk hair wings, and a small head to close out the fly. The Elk Hair Caddis is not limited to trout fishing. This fly is also very useful when fishing for steelhead . Steelhead are the anadromous form (sea-run) of rainbow trout which means some alterations to the standard Elk Hair Caddis are necessary. The hook size should vary from size 6–10. The legs should be

288-881: A medium grade hackle (non webby, but not dry-fly either).The body could be either vernille, furry foam, coarse bodied dubbing, sparkle braid, or four strand floss. The wings should be made from natural elk hair with the ends clipped short. An optional aspect of the Elk Hair Caddis for steelhead would be a flash. A flash is just a few strands of subtle translucent material placed underneath the wing. Artificial fly#Dry flies Artificial flies may be constructed to represent all manner of potential preys to freshwater and saltwater fish , including aquatic and terrestrial insects, crustaceans , worms , spawn , small baitfish , reptiles , amphibians , mammals and even birds . Effective artificial fly patterns are said to be killing flies because of their ability to put fish in

336-495: A professional fly dresser living in New York City. In writing of other matters, he enclosed this fly for us to see, saying "A gentleman wanted me to tie up some Coachman for him to take to the north woods and to make them extra strong, so I have tied them with a little band of silk in the middle to prevent the peacock bodies from fraying out. I have also added a tail of the barred feathers of the wood-duck, and I think it makes

384-675: A special class of freshwater-saltwater fly used to catch striped bass in freshwater, inshore and offshore waters. Striped bass flies generally represent small baitfish commonly preyed upon by striped bass. A tube fly is a general tying style of artificial fly. Tube flies differ from traditional artificial flies as they are tied on small diameter tubes, not hooks . Tube flies were originated in Aberdeen, Scotland by fly-dresser Minnie Morawski for Atlantic salmon anglers around 1945. Tube flies were designed to improve hooking success and to prevent damage to complex and expensive salmon flies by

432-462: A very handsome fly." A few evenings later, a circle of us were together "disputing the fly in question", one of the party claiming that numbers were "quite as suitable to designate the flies as so many nonsensical names". The others did not agree with him, but he said: "What can you do? Here is a fly intended to be a Coachman; but it is not the true Coachman; it is quite unlike it and what can you call it?" Mr. L. C. Orvis, brother of Mr. Charles Orvis, who

480-648: A very large and diverse category of flies as streamers are effective for almost any type of gamefish . Terrestrials are designed to resemble non-aquatic insects, crustaceans, worms and small mammals that could fall prey to feeding fish after being blown or falling onto the water. Bass and panfish flies, bugs and poppers are generally designed to resemble both surface and sub-surface insect, crustacean, baitfish prey consumed by warm-water species such as Largemouth bass or bluegill . This genus of flies generally includes patterns that resemble small mammals, birds, amphibians or reptiles that may fall prey to fish, or in

528-685: Is a combination of imitation and attraction involved in fly construction". Paul Schullery in American Fly Fishing – A History (1996) explains however that although much has been written about the imitation theories of fly design, all successful fly patterns must imitate something to the fish, and even a perfect imitation attracts strikes from fish. The huge range of fly patterns documented today for all sorts of target species- trout , salmon , bass and panfish , pike , saltwater, tropical exotics, etc. are not easily categorized as merely imitative , attractors or something else. There

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576-593: Is derived from the following major artificial fly merchants offerings. Dry flies are designed to be buoyant , or land softly on the surface of the water. Dry flies typically represent the adult form of an aquatic or terrestrial insect. Dry flies are generally considered freshwater flies. Wet flies are designed to sink below the surface of the water. Wet flies have been tied in a wide variety of patterns to represent larvae, nymphs, pupa, drowned insects, baitfish and other underwater prey. Wet flies are generally considered freshwater flies. Nymphs are designed to resemble

624-563: Is in fact a metrical form of much older matter, going back to the reign of Edward II of England , and written in French: the Le Art de Venerie of the huntsman Guillaume Twici. The book contains, appended, a large list of special collective nouns for animals, "Company terms", such as "gaggle of geese" and the like, as in the article List of collective nouns . Amongst these are numerous humorous collective nouns for different professions, such as

672-566: Is likely that the other treatises are translations, probably from the French . An older form of the treatise on fishing was edited in 1883 by Mr T. Satchell from a manuscript in possession of Alfred Denison. This treatise probably dates from about 1450, and formed the foundation of that section in the book of 1496. Only three perfect copies of the first edition are known to exist. A facsimile, entitled The Boke of St Albans , with an introduction by William Blades , appeared in 1881. Juliana Berners

720-584: Is mentioned in the 1486 edition, but little is known about her life. She is said to have been the Benedictine prioress of the Priory of St. Mary of Sopwell , near St Albans in Hertfordshire . She was probably born into the nobility, which would explain her level of education and her love of field sports. It is not clear how much of The Book of Saint Albans was written by Juliana Berners , but she

768-540: Is most commonly associated with the treatise on hunting. Her name was changed by Wynkyn de Worde to "Dame Julyans Bernes" in his edition. There is no such person to be found in the pedigree of the Berners family, but there is a gap in the records of the priory of Sopwell between 1430 and 1480. De Worde's edition (fol. 1496), also without a title-page, begins: "This present boke shewyth the manere of hawkynge and huntynge: and also of diuysynge of Cote armours. It shewyth also

816-433: Is no convention or consistency in the naming of artificial flies. Long-standing popular patterns have names that have persisted over time. However, fly designers and amateur or professional fly tyers are free to create any fly they choose and to give it any name they want. Angling writers, the popular angling press, and professional fly tackle dealers have always introduced new patterns with new names. The only naming convention

864-594: Is that there is no convention. Flies have been named to honor or celebrate fellow anglers: Royal Wulff, Jock Scott, Quill Gordon, Adams; named to describe their color and composition: Ginger Quill, Gold-ribbed Hare's Ear, Partridge and Orange ; named to reflect some regional origin: Bow River Bugger, Tellico nymph, San Juan worm; named to reflect the prey they represent: Golden stone, Blue-wing Olive, Pale Morning Dun, Elk Hair Caddis , White swimming shrimp; named to reflect nothing in particular: Woolly Bugger , Crazy Charlie, Club Sandwich; and, more often than not, named to evoke

912-597: Is the common title of a book printed in 1486 that is a compilation of matters relating to the interests of the time of a gentleman . It was the last of eight books printed by the St Albans Press in England. It is also known by titles that are more accurate, such as The Book of Hawking, Hunting, and Blasing of Arms . The printer is sometimes called the Schoolmaster Printer. This edition credits

960-544: The Boke the works of Nicholas Upton called De Studio Militari , and the unpublished manuscript of readings in heraldry, around 1450, known as "Richard Strangways's Book" (i.e. BL Harley Collection 2259). There are idiosyncratic ideas on the curse of Ham underpinning the theory, with Europeans being "Hamitic"; Cooper believes the source may be the Testament of Love of Thomas Usk . Jacob's suggestion of another source for

1008-504: The colourists (color matters most). Today, some flies are called attractor patterns because in theory, they do not resemble any specific prey, but instead attract strikes from fish. For instance, Charles Jardine, in his 2008 book Flies, Ties and Techniques, speaks of imitators and attractors, categorizing the Royal Wulff as an attractor and the Elk Hair Caddis as an imitator, whereas "... in sea trout and steelhead fishing there

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1056-494: The creel for the fly fisher. There are thousands of artificial fly patterns, many of them with descriptive and often idiosyncratic names. Fly tying is a common practice in fly fishing, considered by many anglers an important part of the fly fishing experience. Many fly fishers tie their own flies, either following patterns in books, natural insect examples, or using their own imagination. The technique involves attaching small pieces of feathers, animal fur, and other materials onto

1104-470: The 1496 edition of the book, was the Treatyse of Fysshynge with an Angle , on angling . It is an earlier collection of practical advice for fishing; and was drawn on by Isaak Walton . Among recognised sources for Walton's Compleat Angler are works of William Gryndall (1596) and Leonard Mascall (1590), both of which are close derivatives of the Treatyse . The virtues of the gentleman, according to

1152-454: The Origin and Progress of Heraldry in England . The book proposed that there could be several kinds of gentlemen: those "of blood" differed from those granted coat armour . J. P. Cooper wrote: The Boke's classification of gentry was to be repeated by heraldic writers for two centuries and was systematised by Ferne and Legh under Elizabeth. He takes as sources for the assertions in

1200-458: The book, or at least the part on hunting, to Juliana Berners as there is an attribution at the end of the 1486 edition reading: "Explicit Dam Julyans Barnes in her boke of huntyng". It contains three essays, on hawking , hunting , and heraldry . It became popular, and went through many editions, quickly acquiring an additional essay on angling . The section on heraldry contains many coats-of-arms printed in six colours (including black ink and

1248-517: The book, were skewed towards those useful in military terms. It contained a section on the law of heraldic arms , the Liber Armorum , reporting on the contemporary discussion on the relationship between gentility, and the heraldic practice of "gate-keeping" the grant of coats of arms ( blazons ). The book took the line that the law of arms was part of the law of nature . James Dallaway reprinted this Book of Arms in his 1793 Inquiries into

1296-469: The case of panfish flies, small aquatic insects or crustaceans. Pike and musky flies are generally designed to resemble both surface and sub-surface crustacean, baitfish prey consumed by species of the genus Esox such as Northern Pike or Muskellunge . This genus of flies are larger than bass flies and generally includes patterns that resemble baitfish and small mammals, birds, amphibians or reptiles that may fall prey to fish. Although many flies from

1344-412: The designer: Copper John nymph (John Barr), Clouser Deep Minnow (Bob Clouser), Brooks' Montana stone (Charles Brooks), Parks' Salmonfly (Merton Parks), Carey Special (Colonel Carey), Dahlberg Diver (Larry Dahlberg) or Dave's Hopper (Dave Whitlock). The well-known trout fly Coachman was originated by Tom Bosworth, who drove Queen Victoria 's coach The Royal Coachman was first made by John Haily,

1392-469: The early 19th century, the term artificial fly was being routinely used in angling literature much like this representative quote from Thomas Best's A Concise Treatise on the Art of Angling (1807) to refer to all types of flies used by fly fishers. The art of artificial fly-fishing, certainly has the pre-eminence over the other various methods that are used to take fishes in the art of angling. Although

1440-421: The fish by the angler. As aquatic insects such as Mayflies , Caddisflies and Stoneflies were the primary prey being imitated during the early developmental years of fly fishing, there were always differing schools of thought on how closely a fly needed to imitate the fish's prey. In the mid to late 19th century, those schools of thought, at least for trout fishing were: the formalists (imitation matters) and

1488-409: The fish which they are intended to capture for flies; but the number used, the way in which they are mounted, viz., several on one trace, and the method of their progress through the water, rather leads me to the belief that they are mistaken for a number of small fry, and treated accordingly. A major concept in the sport of fly fishing is that the fly imitates some form of fish prey when presented to

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1536-485: The greatest care Berner's claims to authorship. He assigned to her little else in the Boke except part of the treatise on hawking and the section on hunting. The hawking treatise is considered to be adapted from the Booke of Hawkyng after Prince Edwarde Kyng of Englande , a manuscript of the reign of Edward IV of England (BL Harley Collection 2340). The work is not intended as a full practical treatise, but to introduce

1584-499: The immature form of aquatic insects and small crustaceans . Nymph flies are generally considered freshwater flies. Emergers are designed to resemble the not quite mature hatching aquatic insect as it leaving the water to become an adult insect. Emergers are generally considered freshwater trout flies. Streamers are designed to resemble some form of baitfish or other large aquatic prey. Streamer flies may be patterned after both freshwater and saltwater prey species. Streamer flies are

1632-534: The last 200 years as writers, fly tiers and fishing equipment retailers expound and promote new ideas and techniques. Additionally, as the popularity of fly fishing expanded globally to new and exotic target species, new flies and genera of flies came into being. There are many subtypes in some of these categories especially as they apply to trout flies. As well, any given pattern of artificial fly might well fit into multiple categories depending on its intended use. The following categorization with illustrative examples

1680-562: The lifelike imitation of insects on which the fish may feed. Imitations do not always have to be precisely realistic in appearance; they may derive their lifelike qualities when their fur or feathers are immersed in water and allowed to move in the current. Attractors, which are often brightly colored, seek to draw a strike by arousing an aggression response in the fish. Famous attractors are the Stimulator and Royal Wulff flies. The first literary reference to flies and fishing with flies

1728-573: The most significant departures from traditional freshwater designs in many years. Salmon flies are a traditional class of flies tied specifically to fly fish for Atlantic Salmon . Some salmon flies may be classified as lures while others may be classified as dry flies, such as the bomber. Salmon flies are also tied in classic and contemporary patterns. Steelhead and Pacific salmon flies are designed for catching anadromous steelhead trout and pacific salmon in western North American and Great Lakes rivers. Egg flies are all designed to resemble

1776-411: The spawn of other fish that may be encountered in a river and consumed by the target species. Flesh flies are designed to resemble the rotting flesh of pacific salmon encountered in a river and consumed by the target species. Saltwater flies are a class of flies designed to represent a wide variety of inshore, offshore and estuarial saltwater baitfish, crustacean and other saltwater prey. Most of

1824-456: The standard trout repertoire can be successfully used to tempt various species of carp , particularly the common carp , a number of traditional patterns have been modified to make them more appealing to carp. One example would be Barry's Carp Fly, which resembles the familiar thorax-plus-tapered-abdomen structure of many nymphs, albeit in an enlarged and bushier format. Some flies have been designed specifically to target carp, usually to imitate

1872-414: The technical language, and to describe feeding and illnesses, for an owner who wishes to take an interest. The work provides this hierarchy of raptors and the social ranks for which each bird was supposedly appropriate. The essay on hunting, in particular, is attributed to Dame Juliana Berners (or Barnes or Bernes) who was believed to have been the prioress of Sopwell Priory near St Albans . It

1920-680: The teeth of hooked salmon. Tube flies have been widely adapted to fly patterns for a variety of cold water and warm water species and are extremely popular for steelhead and salmon in the Pacific Northwest and northeast United States, as well as saltwater species along the Atlantic, Florida and Gulf Coasts. They are widely used in European waters for Atlantic salmon , sea trout and pike . Book of St. Albans The Book of Saint Albans , originally Boke of Seynt Albans ,

1968-558: The term Artificial fly came in Izaac Walton's The Compleat Angler (1653), Oh my good Master, this morning walk has been spent to my great pleasure and wonder: but I pray, when shall I have your direction how to make Artificial flyes, like to those that the Trout loves best? The 1652 4th edition of John Dennys 's The Secrets of Angling , first published in 1613, contains the first known illustration of an artificial fly. By

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2016-467: The term fly was a reference to an imitation of some flying insect, by the mid-19th century the term fly was being applied to a far greater range of imitation. The term fly is applied by sea fishermen to a certain arrangement of feathers, wax, etc., which I am about to describe the manufacture of, and which may be used with considerable success in mackerel, basse, and pollack fishing. I am not disposed to think, however, that such baits are ever mistaken by

2064-577: The time you see a pattern it will be represent a shrimp, crab, baitfish, or a combination of them. Saltwater flies generally are found in both sub-surface and surface patterns. Bonefish flies are a special class of saltwater flies used to catch bonefish in shallow water. Bonefish flies generally resemble small crabs, shrimp or other crustaceans. Tarpon flies are a special class of saltwater flies used to catch tarpon in both inshore and offshore waters. Tarpon flies generally represent small baitfish commonly preyed upon by tarpon. Striped bass flies are

2112-507: The various vegetative sources of food that omnivorous carp feed on such as berries, seeds, and flowers that may fall into the water. This small niche of the fly fishing / fly tying world began to grow dramatically in size and legitimacy around 2010 as a hitherto underground movement started to go mainstream in the United States , leading to numerous innovations. Several of those, like the family of so-called "headstand" flies, represent

2160-477: The white of the page), the first colour printing in England. During the 16th century the work was very popular, and was reprinted many times. It was edited by Gervase Markham in 1595 as The Gentleman's Academic . Scholarship on the sources of the book indicates that little in it was original. It is expressly stated at the end of the Blasynge of Armys that the section was "translatyd and compylyt," and it

2208-460: Was in Ælian's Natural History probably written about 200 A.D. That work discussed a Macedonian fly. The Treatyse on Fysshynge with an Angle was published (1496) within The Boke of St. Albans attributed to Dame Juliana Berners . The book contains, along with instructions on rod, line and hook making, dressings for different flies to use at different times of the year. Probably the first use of

2256-467: Was inspired by several palmered flies Troth like to fish and G. E. M. Skues ' Little Red Sedge fly which featured a hair wing. Originally tied to imitate the Green Caddis hatch, the Elk Hair Caddis has since been tied in a variety of wing, hackle and body colors to simulate different caddis and small stoneflies. John Gierach explains the materials he uses to create the original Elk Hair Caddis. For

2304-701: Was present said: "Oh that is easy enough; call it the Royal Coachman it is so finely dressed!" And this name in time came to be known and used by all who are familiar with the fly. When Lee Wulff first designed the Royal Wulff , based on contemporary Catskill patterns, he'd intended to name it "Bucktail Coachman," referencing the bucktail wings he'd added for better flotation. Fellow fisherman and conservationist Dan Bailey insisted that he call them "Wulffs" and began tying them under that name. The categorization of artificial flies has evolved considerably in

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