Misplaced Pages

#888111

69-594: Elorrio was founded in 1356 by the Infante Tello Alfonso of Castile , who was the 20th Lord of Biscay , near the elizate of Saint Agustín of Etxebarria ( Basque : San Agustin Etxebarria ; Spanish : San Agustín de Echevarría ). Historically, San Agustin Etxebarria was part of the medieval County of Durango , and Elorrio remains part of the comarca (local region) of Durangaldea . In 1630, Elorrio annexed Saint Agustín of Etxebarria, which today

138-725: A meat thermometer . Beef can be cooked using the sous-vide method, which cooks the entire steak to the same temperature, but when cooked using a method such as broiling or roasting it is typically cooked such that it has a "bulls eye" of doneness, with the least done (coolest) at the center and the most done (warmest) at the outside. Meat can be cooked in boiling oil, typically by shallow frying , although deep frying may be used, often for meat enrobed with breadcrumbs as in milanesas or finger steaks . Larger pieces such as steaks may be cooked this way, or meat may be cut smaller as in stir frying , typically an Asian way of cooking: cooking oil with flavorings such as garlic, ginger and onions

207-535: A dark red, almost purple, colour. It is lean, has a sweet, musty smell and is tender. It originated in Valtellina , a valley in the Alps of northern Italy's Lombardy region. Bündnerfleisch is a similar product from neighbouring Switzerland. Chipped beef is an American industrially produced air-dried beef product, described by one of its manufacturers as being "similar to bresaola, but not as tasty." Beef jerky

276-649: A foundational charter) on the land where the monastery stood, as a means of creating a town to defend his borders against invasion from neighboring Gipuzkoa . In 1468 the town was the site of a major battle between warring clan factions in the Basque Country (the Oñacinos and the Gamboinos). However, incidents of this type decreased, and between the sixteenth and the eighteenth centuries, the town's fortunes grew, gaining renown for its iron-forges, and especially

345-406: A heated pot of water or stock with vegetables. In fondue bourguignonne, diners dip small pieces of beef into a pot of hot oil at the table. Both techniques typically feature accompanying flavorful sauces to complement the meat. Steak tartare is a French dish made from finely chopped or ground (minced) raw meat (often beef). More accurately, it is scraped so as not to let even the slightest of

414-494: A kilogram of beef cattle live weight may require between 4 and 5 kilograms of feed high in protein and metabolizable energy content, or more than 20 kilograms of feed of much lower quality. A simple exchange of beef to soy beans (a common feed source for cattle) in Americans' diets would, according to one estimate, result in meeting between 46 and 74 percent of the reductions needed to meet the 2020 greenhouse gas emission goals of

483-595: A period after. There are various other recipes for pickled beef. Sauerbraten is a German variant. Beef is the third most widely consumed meat in the world, accounting for about 25% of meat production worldwide, after pork and poultry at 38% and 30% respectively. Beef is a source of complete protein and it is a rich source (20% or more of the Daily Value , DV) of niacin , vitamin B12 , iron and zinc , but also contains high amounts of saturated fat . Red meat

552-609: A roadmap to gradually lift the restrictions on the feed ban. In 2013, the ban on feeding mammal-based products to cattle, was amended to allow for certain milk, fish, eggs, and plant-fed farm animal products to be used. Most Indic religions reject the killing and eating of cows. Hinduism prohibits cow beef known as Go-Maans in Hindi . Bovines have a sacred status in India especially the cow, due to their provision of sustenance for families. Bovines are generally considered to be integral to

621-513: A significant role in biodiversity loss . Around 25% to nearly 40% of global land surface is being used for livestock farming, which is mostly cattle. Some kinds of beef may receive special certifications or designations based on criteria including their breed ( Certified Angus Beef , Certified Hereford Beef ), origin ( Kobe beef , Carne de Ávila , Belgian Blue ), or the way the cattle are treated, fed or slaughtered ( organic , grass-fed , Kosher , or Halal beef ). Some countries regulate

690-515: A similar Lebanese and Syrian dish. And in Ethiopia, a ground raw meat dish called tire siga or kitfo is eaten (upon availability). Carpaccio of beef is a thin slice of raw beef dressed with olive oil, lemon juice and seasoning. Often, the beef is partially frozen before slicing to allow very thin slices to be cut. Yukhoe is a variety of hoe , raw dishes in Korean cuisine which

759-404: A torch before moist cooking (though sometimes after). Thermostatically controlled methods, such as sous-vide, can also prevent overcooking by bringing the meat to the exact degree of doneness desired, and holding it at that temperature indefinitely. The combination of precise temperature control and long cooking duration makes it possible to be assured that pasteurization has been achieved, both on

SECTION 10

#1732776292889

828-534: A variety of methods, including feedlots , free range , ranching , backgrounding and intensive animal farming . Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs), commonly referred to as factory farms, are commonly used to meet the demand of beef production. CAFOs supply 70.4% of cows in the US market and 99% of all meat in the United States supply. Cattle CAFOs can also be a source of E. coli contamination in

897-575: Is a ward of Elorrio. Elorrio had municipal representation in the medieval Juntas Generales . The town has been affected by its main economic activity: the industrial sector . It is also renowned for its rich architectural heritage, being listed as a Conjunto histórico by the Ministry of Culture . In the Basque language , elorrio is the word for the red fruit (haw) of the common hawthorn . The Basque word elorri means "hawthorn". The coat of arms of

966-461: Is also important to the economies of Japan, Argentina, Uruguay, Canada, Paraguay, Mexico, Belarus and Nicaragua. As per 2020, Brazil was the largest beef exporter in the world followed by Australia, United States, India (Includes Carabeef only) and Argentina. Brazil, Australia, the United States and India accounted for roughly 61% of the world's beef exports. The world produced 60.57 million metric tons of beef in 2020, down 950K metric tons from

1035-434: Is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer and coronary heart disease , especially when processed . Beef has a high environmental impact , being a primary driver of deforestation with the highest greenhouse gas emissions of any agricultural product. In prehistoric times, humankind hunted aurochs and later domesticated them. Since that time, numerous breeds of cattle have been bred specifically for

1104-411: Is called veal . Beef from steers and heifers is similar. Beef is first divided into primal cuts , large pieces of the animal initially separated by butchering. These are basic sections from which steaks and other subdivisions are cut. The term "primal cut" is quite different from "prime cut", used to characterize cuts considered to be of higher quality. Since the animal's legs and neck muscles do

1173-583: Is dried, salted, smoked beef popular in the United States. Biltong is a cured, salted, air dried beef popular in South Africa. Pastrami is often made from beef; raw beef is salted , then partly dried and seasoned with various herbs and spices, and smoked . Corned beef is a cut of beef cured or pickled in a seasoned brine . The corn in corned beef refers to the grains of coarse salts (known as corns) used to cure it. The term corned beef can denote different styles of brine-cured beef, depending on

1242-480: Is from the Latin word bōs , in contrast to cow which is from Middle English cou (both words have the same Indo-European root *gʷou- ). This is one example of the common English dichotomy between the words for animals (with largely Germanic origins) and their meat (with Romanic origins) that is also found in such English word-pairs as pig/pork , deer/venison , sheep/mutton , and chicken/poultry (also

1311-488: Is just simmering , such as in stewing; higher temperatures make meat tougher by causing the proteins to contract. Since thermostatic temperature control became available, cooking at temperatures well below boiling, 52 °C (126 °F) (sous-vide) to 90 °C (194 °F) ( slow cooking ), for prolonged periods has become possible; this is just hot enough to convert the tough collagen in connective tissue into gelatin through hydrolysis , with minimal toughening. With

1380-492: Is located at the easternmost point of Biscay , in the comarca of Durangaldea , northern Spain . It limits at north with Berriz and Zaldibar at northwest with Abadiño , at west with Atxondo , at east with the province of Gipuzkoa and at south with the province of Álava . The town is surrounded by various mountains, such as Intxorta (797m) and Udalatx (1092m), and is traversed by the Zumelegi river that, after joining

1449-471: Is often aged (i.e., stored refrigerated) to allow endogenous proteolytic enzymes to weaken structural and myofibrillar proteins. Wet aging is accomplished using vacuum packaging to reduce spoilage and yield loss. Dry aging involves hanging primals (usually ribs or loins) in humidity-controlled coolers. Outer surfaces dry out and can support growth of molds (and spoilage bacteria, if too humid), resulting in trim and evaporative losses. Evaporation concentrates

SECTION 20

#1732776292889

1518-516: Is one of the main causes of loss of some unique plant and animal species in the tropical rainforests of Central and South America as well as carbon release in the atmosphere." Beef is also the primary driver of deforestation in the Amazon , with around 80% of all converted land being used to rear cattle. 91% of Amazon land deforested since 1970 has been converted to cattle ranching. 41% of global deforestation from 2005 to 2013 has been attributed to

1587-548: Is put in a very hot wok . Then small pieces of meat are added, followed by ingredients which cook more quickly, such as mixed vegetables. The dish is ready when the ingredients are 'just cooked'. Moist heat cooking methods include braising , pot roasting , stewing and sous-vide . These techniques are often used for cuts of beef that are tougher, as these longer, lower-temperature cooking methods have time to dissolve connecting tissue which otherwise makes meat remain tough after cooking. Meat has usually been cooked in water which

1656-412: Is the most significant dietary source of carnitine and, like any other meat (pork, fish, veal, lamb etc.), is a source of creatine . Creatine is converted to creatinine during cooking. Consumption of red meat , and especially processed red meat , is known to increase the risk of bowel cancer and some other cancers. A 2010 meta-analysis found that processed red meat (and all processed meat )

1725-459: Is the title and rank given in the Iberian kingdoms of Spain (including the predecessor kingdoms of Aragon , Castile , Navarre , and León ) and Portugal to the sons and daughters ( infantas ) of the king, regardless of age, sometimes with the exception of the heir apparent or heir presumptive to the throne who usually bears a unique princely or ducal title. A woman married to a male infante

1794-463: Is usually made from raw ground beef seasoned with various spices or sauces. The beef part used for yukhoe is tender rump steak . For the seasoning, soy sauce , sugar, salt, sesame oil, green onion, and ground garlic, sesame seed, black pepper and juice of bae ( Korean pear ) are used. The beef is mostly topped with the yolk of a raw egg. Bresaola is an air-dried , salted beef that has been aged about two to three months until it becomes hard and

1863-513: The Natural Resources Defense Council found 42% of medically important antibiotic use in the U.S. was on cattle, posing concerns about the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria. In 2023 production was forecast to peak by 2035. The consumption of beef poses numerous threats to the natural environment . Of all agricultural products, beef requires some of the most land and water, and its production results in

1932-491: The heart , the brain (although forbidden where there is a danger of bovine spongiform encephalopathy , BSE, commonly referred to as mad cow disease), the kidneys , and the tender testicles of the bull (known in the United States as calf fries , prairie oysters , or Rocky Mountain oysters ). Some intestines are cooked and eaten as is, but are more often cleaned and used as natural sausage casings. The bones are used for making beef stock . Meat from younger cows (calves)

2001-475: The infante or infanta was the child of the nation's monarch. Like the enfants de France , all infantes in the various Iberian kingdoms were princes of the blood royal , although since 1987 the Spanish sovereign may also confer the title infantado by decree upon a person (typically the spouse of an infante or infanta ) who is not of royal descent. In the Spanish royal family, the dynastic children of

2070-499: The infanções of the lower Portuguese nobility , who were also cadets of their families with no prospect of inheriting the main possessions of the noble families to which they belonged, being distinguished in law by some prerogatives, but little patrimony . Later, the word infanta emerged in Portugal as a feminised form applied to Portuguese princesses after the 16th and 17th centuries. Also, after Edward, King of Portugal , in

2139-528: The 15th century, the heir apparent and his eldest son, or daughter if there was no son, came to be styled "prince" or "princess". The first prince in Portugal was the future Afonso V , his eldest son, maybe adopting the French royal style by an English influence imported by Philippa of Lancaster 's retinue. After the accession of the House of Braganza to the throne, the honorific of "Most Serene" ( Sereníssimo )

Elorrio - Misplaced Pages Continue

2208-944: The 1987 decree, their dynastic wives were automatically infantas and bearers of the title were Royal Highnesses . In addition, some distant relatives of Spanish sovereigns, usually children of infantes by grace , were accorded the "honours and treatment" of infante or infanta , but were not granted the title itself, Included in this category were the children of Infante Carlos de Borbón-Dos Sicilias ' second marriage to Princess Louise d'Orléans , those of Infante Fernando de Bavaria y Borbón 's marriage with Infanta Maria Teresa of Spain , and those of Infante Alfonso de Orléans-Borbón 's marriage to Princess Beatrice of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (e.g., Princess María de las Mercedes of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Countess of Barcelona , Prince Alvaro de Orléans-Borbón, Duke di Galliera ). The current infantes of Spain are (by precedence): Infante had no feminine form at first in Portugal and may be compared to

2277-882: The AP-1 highway to Eibar and Vitoria-Gasteiz . From Elorrio starts the BI-2632 road to Bergara and Elgeta (both in Gipuzkoa) and the BI-3321 road to Berriz . Two lines of the Bizkaibus network have stations in Elorrio; the lines A3923 and A3914. Elorrio then has buses to Bilbao every hour and to Durango and other lesser municipalities every 30 minutes. Infante Infante ( Spanish: [iɱˈfante] , Portuguese: [ĩˈfɐ̃tɨ] ; f. infanta ), also anglicised as "infant" or translated as "prince",

2346-626: The Portuguese royal house, using the title are: Afonso, Prince of Beira , Duarte Pio's eldest son and heir apparent, is styled Prince of Beira , not infante . Beef Beef is the culinary name for meat from cattle ( Bos taurus ). Beef can be prepared in various ways; cuts are often used for steak , which can be cooked to varying degrees of doneness , while trimmings are often ground or minced , as found in most hamburgers . Beef contains protein , iron , and vitamin B12 . Along with other kinds of red meat , high consumption

2415-657: The River Arrazola in Atxondo , goes on to form the Ibaizabal river. The town is situated 39 km from the provincial capital of Bilbao . The National Institute of Statistics estimates that the population of Elorrio was 7,372 in 2019. The economy of the municipality is based on the industrial activity. Nonetheless, the farming activities still have relevance in the area. Most of the rural exploitations are based on beef and milk production and, in less numbers,

2484-646: The United States as pledged in 2009. A 2021 CSIRO trial concluded that feeding cattle a 3% diet of the seaweed Asparagopsis taxiformis could reduce the methane component of their emissions by 80%. While such feed options are still experimental, even when looking at the most widely used feeds around the globe, there is high variability in efficiency. One study found that shifting compositions of current feeds, production areas, and informed land restoration could enable greenhouse gas emissions reductions of 34–85% annually (612–1,506 MtCO2e yr−1) without increasing costs to global beef production. Some scientists claim that

2553-605: The United States, due to Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) contamination: In 1984, the use of meat and bone meal in cattle feed resulted in the world's first outbreak of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE or, colloquially, mad cow disease) in the United Kingdom. Since then, other countries have had outbreaks of BSE: In 2010, the EU, through the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), proposed

2622-414: The adequate combination of temperature and cooking time, pathogens , such as bacteria will be killed, and pasteurization can be achieved. Because browning ( Maillard reactions ) can only occur at higher temperatures (above the boiling point of water), these moist techniques do not develop the flavors associated with browning. Meat will often undergo searing in a very hot pan, grilling or browning with

2691-410: The annual mean precipitation is not expected to change much, there will be more unusually dry years as well as unusually wet years, and the negatives will outweigh the positives. Keeping smaller herds to be more flexible when dry years hit was suggested as an adaptation strategy. Since more variable and therefore less predictable precipitation is one of the well-established effects of climate change on

2760-511: The course of evolutionary history. The first domestication event occurred around 10,500 years ago with the evolution of Bos taurus . The second was more recent, around 7,000 years ago, with the evolution of Bos indicus in the Indian subcontinent . There is a possible third domestication event 8,500 years ago, with a potential third species Bos africanus arising in Africa. In the United States,

2829-440: The cuts to disrupt the proteins. Also, solutions of exogenous proteolytic enzymes ( papain , bromelin or ficin ) can be applied or injected to augment the endogenous enzymes; this can be done with purified enzyme or by using a marinade including ingredients that naturally contain the enzyme (e.g. papaya for papain or pineapple for bromelin). Similarly, solutions of salt and sodium phosphates can be injected to soften and swell

Elorrio - Misplaced Pages Continue

2898-457: The demand for beef is contributing to significant biodiversity loss as it is a significant driver of deforestation and habitat destruction ; species-rich habitats, such as significant portions of the Amazon region, are being converted to agriculture for meat production. The 2019 IPBES Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services also concurs that the beef industry plays

2967-424: The expansion of beef production. This is due to the higher ratio of net energy of gain to net energy of maintenance where metabolizable energy intake is higher. The ratio of feed required to produce an equivalent amount of beef (live weight) has been estimated at 7:1 to 43:1, compared with about 2:1 for chicken. However, assumptions about feed quality are implicit in such generalizations. For example, production of

3036-659: The exploitation of pines . The most important economical activity in the area is the industry; Elorrio is home for several industries of metal processing. The only mean of transport is by road; the BI-634 road crosses the town and connects it with Durango , capital city of the comarca , and Arrasate-Mondragón in the province of Gipuzkoa . In Durango the road connects with the AP-8 highway to Bilbao and Donostia-San Sebastián while in Arrasate-Mondragón it connects to

3105-468: The food supply due to the prevalence of manure in CAFOs. These E. coli contaminations include one strain, E. coli O157:H7, which can be toxic to humans, because cattle typically hold this strain in their digestive system. Another consequence of unsanitary conditions created by high-density confinement systems is increased use of antibiotics in order to prevent illness. An analysis of FDA sales data by

3174-516: The greatest amount of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), air pollution, and water pollution. A 2021 study added up GHG emissions from the entire lifecycle, including production, transportation, and consumption, and estimated that beef contributed about 4 billion tonnes (9%) of anthropogenic greenhouse gases in 2010. Cattle populations graze around 26% of all land on Earth, not including the large agricultural fields that are used to grow cattle feed. According to FAO , "Ranching-induced deforestation

3243-818: The growth of the beef business was largely due to expansion in the Southwest. Upon the acquisition of grasslands through the Mexican–American War of 1848, and later the expulsion of the Plains Indians from this region and the Midwest , the American livestock industry began, starting primarily with the taming of feral and semi-feral longhorn cattle. Chicago and New York City were the first to benefit from these developments in their stockyards and in their meat markets. Beef cattle are raised and fed using

3312-453: The landscape. However, they do not consider the cow to be a god. Many of India's rural economies depend on cattle farming; hence they have been revered in society. Since the Vedic period , cattle, especially cows, were venerated as a source of milk, and dairy products, and their relative importance in transport services and farming like ploughing , row planting, ridging. Veneration grew with

3381-523: The less common goat/chevon ). Beef is cognate with bovine through the Late Latin bovīnus . The rarely used plural form of beef is beeves . People have eaten the flesh of bovines since prehistoric times; some of the earliest known cave paintings , such as those of Lascaux , show aurochs in hunting scenes. People domesticated cattle to provide ready access to beef, milk , and leather . Cattle have been domesticated at least twice over

3450-589: The locality to attend one of its two well-known spas. After the Spanish Civil War , Elorrio went through a period of industrialization , with a number of small, family firms and worker cooperative enterprises emerging. In 1964, the whole town was the first one in Biscay to be declared a Centre of Historical and Artistic Importance. Its population, which grew from 3,500 in 1950 to 8,000 in 1981, currently (2004 records) numbers just over 7,000 people. Elorrio

3519-452: The marketing and sale of beef by observing criteria post-slaughter and classifying the observed quality of the meat. In 2018, the United States, Brazil, and China produced the most beef with 12.22 million tons, 9.9 million tons, and 6.46 million tons respectively. The top 3 beef exporting countries in 2019 were Australia (14.8% of total exports), the United States (13.4% of total exports), and Brazil (12.6% of total exports). Beef production

SECTION 50

#1732776292889

3588-435: The monarch and of the heir apparent are entitled to the designation and rank of infante with the style of Royal Highness ( infantes by birth ). A second category of infantes may be granted that title by royal decree ( infantes by grace ), but only bear the style of Highness . Previously, the title and rank of infante of Spain was often granted to relatives and in-laws of Spain's monarchs, but unlike those created under

3657-407: The most work, they are the toughest; the meat becomes more tender as distance from hoof and horn increases. Different countries and cuisines have different cuts and names, and sometimes use the same name for a different cut; for example, the cut described as "brisket" in the United States is from a significantly different part of the carcass than British brisket. To improve tenderness of beef, it

3726-408: The myofibrillar proteins. This improves juiciness and tenderness. Salt can improve the flavor, but phosphate can contribute a soapy flavor. These methods are applicable to all types of meat and some other foodstuffs. Beef can be cooked to various degrees, from very rare to well done. The degree of cooking corresponds to the temperature in the approximate center of the meat, which can be measured with

3795-428: The other hand, which are usually mixed with meat from older, leaner (therefore tougher) cattle, are ground , minced or used in sausages . The blood is used in some varieties called blood sausage . Other parts that are eaten include other muscles and offal , such as the oxtail , liver , tongue , tripe from the reticulum or rumen , glands (particularly the pancreas and thymus , referred to as sweetbread ),

3864-567: The prior year. Major decline for production of beef was from India up to 510k and Australia down to 309K metric tons from the prior year. By 2017, it was already reported that farmers in Nepal kept fewer cattle due to the losses imposed by a longer hot season. Cow-calf ranches in Southeast Wyoming are expected to suffer greater losses in the future as the hydrological cycle becomes more variable and affects forage growth. Even though

3933-403: The production of lances . As a result of this economic expansion, a number of important buildings were constructed (mostly during the sixteenth century) that are today considered monuments of significant historical and architectural importance. In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Elorrio, although it remained a predominantly rural town, became a tourist destination, as people visited

4002-439: The quality or quantity of their meat. Today, beef is the third most widely consumed meat in the world, after pork and poultry . As of 2018, the United States, Brazil, and China were the largest producers of beef. Some religions and cultures prohibit beef consumption , especially Indic religions like Hinduism . Buddhists are also against animal slaughtering , but they do not have a wrongful eating doctrine. The word beef

4071-513: The region. Some, like American-style corned beef, are highly seasoned and often considered delicatessen fare. Spiced beef is a cured and salted joint of round, topside, or silverside, traditionally served at Christmas in Ireland. It is a form of salt beef , cured with spices and saltpetre , intended to be boiled or broiled in Guinness or a similar stout , and then optionally roasted for

4140-553: The remaining proteins and increases flavor intensity; the molds can contribute a nut-like flavor. After two to three days there are significant effects. The majority of the tenderizing effect occurs in the first 10 days. Boxed beef, stored and distributed in vacuum packaging, is, in effect, wet aged during distribution. Premium steakhouses dry age for 21 to 28 days or wet age up to 45 days for maximum effect on flavor and tenderness. Meat from less tender cuts or older cattle can be mechanically tenderized by forcing small, sharp blades through

4209-459: The ruling dynasty (e.g., Infante Enrique, Duke of Seville ), and to female-line relatives of the monarch (e.g. Infante Sebastian of Portugal and Spain , Infante Alfonso de Orléans-Borbón ). Although the title is derived from the same root as "infant", in Romance languages the term may be more broadly interpreted to mean "child" (cf. French enfants de France ), and historically indicated that

SECTION 60

#1732776292889

4278-401: The sinew fat get into the scraped meat. It is often served with onions, capers, seasonings such as fresh ground pepper and Worcestershire sauce, and sometimes raw egg yolk. The Belgian or Dutch dish filet américain is also made of finely chopped ground beef, though it is seasoned differently, and either eaten as a main dish or can be used as a dressing for a sandwich. Kibbeh nayyeh is

4347-426: The surface and the interior of even very thick cuts of meat, which can not be assured with most other cooking techniques. (Although extremely long-duration cooking can break down the texture of the meat to an undesirable degree.) Beef can be cooked quickly at the table through several techniques. In hot pot cooking, such as shabu-shabu , very thinly sliced meat is cooked by the diners at the table by immersing it in

4416-409: The title de gracia ("by grace") at the sovereign's command. While the title belonged by right to all sons and daughters of a monarch (even when they ceased to be children of the reigning sovereign), it was also often accorded to sons-in-law and male-line grandchildren of the sovereign (e.g., Prince Ferdinand of Bavaria , Infante Pedro Carlos of Spain and Portugal ), sometimes to other agnates of

4485-599: The town shows a hawthorn. Colloquially, the town was called Elorrixo in Basque. The Argiñeta tombs that today lie just outside the town of Elorrio are both pre-Christian and Christian (the earliest date of the latter is recorded as 893). In 1053, the San Agustín de Etxebarria monastery was founded, which in time was renovated and eventually became present-day church (an example of Gothic architecture ). In 1356, Don Tello, Lord of Biscay , officially created Elorrio (through

4554-408: The water cycle , similar patterns were later established across the rest of the United States, and then globally. Most beef can be used as is by merely cutting into certain parts, such as roasts , short ribs or steak ( filet mignon , sirloin steak , rump steak , rib steak , rib eye steak , hanger steak , etc.), while other cuts are processed ( corned beef or beef jerky ). Trimmings, on

4623-465: Was accorded the title of infanta if the marriage was dynastically approved (e.g., Princess Alicia of Bourbon-Parma ), although since 1987 this is no longer automatically the case in Spain (e.g., Princess Anne d'Orléans ). Husbands of born infantas did not obtain the title of infante through marriage (unlike most hereditary titles of Spanish nobility ), although they were occasionally elevated to

4692-547: Was correlated with a higher risk of coronary heart disease , although based on studies that separated the two, this meta-analysis found that red meat intake was not associated with higher incidence of coronary heart disease. As of 2020, there is substantial evidence for a link between high consumption of red meat and coronary heart disease. Some cattle raised in the United States feed on pastures fertilized with sewage sludge . Elevated dioxins may be present in meat from these cattle. Ground beef has been subject to recalls in

4761-458: Was prefixed to the title of infante ( Sereníssima for an infanta ), since the complete appellation of this dynasty was "Most Serene House of Braganza" ( Sereníssima Casa de Bragança ), a style granted by the Pope . The style, however, does not seem to have been used with the title of Prince Royal . Portugal has been a republic since 1910. Close relatives of Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza , head of

#888111