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35-915: Eppelheim is situated in the valley of the Upper Rhine southwest of the hills of the Odenwald and directly on the Bundesautobahn 5 . The location of the city within the Rhein-Neckar-Kreis is almost completely surrounded by the urban district of Heidelberg. Eppelheim borders the Heidelberg boroughs of Wieblingen in the North, Pfaffengrund in the East, and Kirchheim in the South. To the West lies

70-546: A 200-year flood (i.e. a flood that statistically occurs once in 200 years) of the Rhine to a discharge of 5,000 cubic metres per second (180,000 cu ft/s) at the Maxau gauge station, that is, a reduction from 5,700 cubic metres per second (200,000 cu ft/s) to 5,000 cubic metres per second (180,000 cu ft/s). For this purpose the following measures are planned and partially implemented: The effectiveness of

105-456: A career more than the average German in the 20th century. In 1908 there were over 400. Eppelheim is known in the region as a mason community. In 1998 Eppelheim was elevated to city status by the State of Baden-Württemberg. The municipal council of the city of Eppelheim has 22 members. They carry the title Stadträtin/Stadtrat (city councilor female/male ). The coat of arms in its current form

140-749: A response to the evolution of the Alps to the south. It remains active to the present day. Today, the Rhine Rift Valley forms a downfaulted trough through which the river Rhine flows. The Upper Rhine Plain was formed during the Early Cenozoic era, during the Late Eocene epoch. At this time, the Alpine Orogeny , the major mountain building event that was to produce the Alps , was in its early stages. The Alps were formed because

175-594: Is a major rift , about 350-kilometre-long (220 mi) and on average 50-kilometre-wide (31 mi), between Basel in the south and the cities of Frankfurt / Wiesbaden in the north. Its southern section straddles the France–Germany border . It forms part of the European Cenozoic Rift System , which extends across Central Europe . The Upper Rhine Graben formed during the Oligocene , as

210-792: Is estimated to be ~2. To both the east and west of the Rhine Plain, two major hill ranges have formed that run the length of the basin. To the west, in France, these hills are known as the Vosges mountain range and in the east, in Germany, the hills comprise the Black Forest . These ranges exhume the same types of rocks in their cores, including deep crustal gneiss . Both ranges correspond to uplifts of more than 2,500 metres, much of which has since been eroded. This uplift has occurred because of

245-608: Is the Rudolf-Wild-Werke in the southern part of the city with about 1400 workers. The tax on the company's business is an important factor in determining the city budget. The company Wild has its headquarters in Eppelheim. Eppelheim is directly on the Bundesautobahn 5 and has access through the Heidelberg/Schwetzingen exit. The city is connected to the neighboring university city, Heidelberg by

280-608: The Grand Canal d'Alsace on the French side, to ensure safe shipping and hydropower generation around the clock. Only when there is a large supply of water, then the old river bed will receive more water than the canal. France gained the right to do this in the 1919 Treaty of Versailles; the right applies to the segment between Basel and Neuburgweier /Lauterbourg, where the Rhine forms the border between France and Germany. The straightening (1817–76) and channeling (1928–77) reduced

315-542: The Integrated Rhine Programme , a framework for designating water retention areas. to combat downstream flooding. A French-German treaty was concluded in 1982, in which the parties agreed to restore the retention capacity on the stretch below Iffezheim to the level it had before the area was developed. This means: For the stretch between Iffezheim and the mouth of the Neckar, attenuation of the apex of

350-531: The Old Rhine ( Alter Rhein ) in the Alpine Rhine Valley , where the Rhine was also straightened). The Rhine between Basel and Iffezheim is almost entirely canalised. On a stretch of 180 kilometres (110 mi), there are 10 dams , provided with hydropower stations and locks . Between Basel and Breisach , the old river bed carries hardly any water; almost all water is diverted through

385-530: The Palatinate Forest on the western and the Odenwald on the eastern side. The extension induced by the formation of the Alps was sufficient to thin the crust and provide suitable dilational conduits for magmatic and volcanic activity to occur. This resulted in the emplacement of mafic dykes , which follow the general structural trend of the extensional faults. In addition, isolated volcanoes such as

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420-619: The Pylon , is located 160 m (520 ft) southeast of the actual tripoint. In 1685, Louis XIV started a project to move the Upper Rhine, change its course and drain the floodplain , in order to gain land. By 1840, the river had been moved up to 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) to the east, taking territory away from Baden. Around 1790, large parts of the Rhine Valley were deforested, creating arable land, fields and pasture to feed

455-774: The Rhine ) is the section of the Rhine between the Middle Bridge in Basel , Switzerland , and the Rhine knee in Bingen , Germany . It is surrounded by the Upper Rhine Plain ( Oberrheinische Tiefebene ). Most of its upper section marks the France–Germany border . The Upper Rhine is one of four sections of the river (the others being the High Rhine , Middle Rhine and Lower Rhine ) between Lake Constance and

490-685: The Tertiary , the High Rhine continued west from Basel and flowed via the Doubs and the Saône , into the Rhône . The rift diverted the Rhine into the newly formed Upper Rhine Valley . The Rhine knee at Basel marks the transition from the High Rhine to the Upper Rhine with a change of direction from West to North and a change of landscape from the relatively small-chamber high-Rhine cuesta landscape to

525-760: The neolithic , the Bronze Age , the Iron Age , and the early Middle Ages indicate that the area where the city is located was inhabited by people for a long time. Eppelheim was first mentioned in historical documents pertaining to a grant in the year 770 in the Lorsch codex under the name Ebbelenheim . From the 11th century Eppelheim was a typical small village of the Electorate of the Palatinate . The number of inhabitants remained continuously under 150 up until

560-406: The water table by up to 16 metres (52 ft) and thus had a negative effect on flora and fauna . Gravel is also missing from the river, due to the dams. This has caused erosion below the dam at Iffezheim. To counter this, 173,000 cubic metres (6,100,000 cu ft) per year of a mixture of sand and gravel with an average grain diameter of 20 millimetres (0.79 in) (corresponding to

595-548: The 18th century. Among the reasons for this was the destruction of Eppelheim in 1689. The village, like so many others in the area, was burned down by French troops on 28 January during the War of the Grand Alliance . Eppelheim was rebuilt and experienced a steady increase in population. In the 20th century the population boomed. The population went from 2644 in 1905 to 13,904 in 1997. The people of Eppelheim chose masonry as

630-458: The High Rhine. As the name suggests, it is a tri-national region comprising parts of France, Germany and Switzerland. The regional Upper Rhine Conference is a framework for future political and administrative cooperation in the area. The tripoint between France, Germany and Switzerland, called Dreiländereck , lies within the uppermost portion of the Upper Rhine. A monument in Basel, known as

665-664: The Kaiserstuhl were formed. The Kaiserstuhl (literally "Emperor's Chair") is a cluster of volcanic hills to the northwest of Freiburg, within the Rhine Graben. The highest point of this small, isolated volcanic centre is the Totenkopf (557 metres). Volcanic activity was most prevalent in the Miocene epoch, some 15 million years ago. Today, the Kaiserstuhl volcano is extinct. In 1356, the Basel earthquake occurred in

700-594: The North Sea. The countries and states along the Upper Rhine are Switzerland, France ( Alsace ) and the German states of Baden-Württemberg , Rhineland-Palatinate and Hesse . The largest cities along the river are Basel, Mulhouse , Strasbourg , Karlsruhe , Mannheim , Ludwigshafen and Mainz . The Upper Rhine was straightened between 1817 and 1876 by Johann Gottfried Tulla and made navigable between 1928 and 1977. The Treaty of Versailles allows France to use

735-579: The Rhine Plain. It was perhaps the most destructive earthquake ever in northwest Europe , destroying the city of Basel and flattening buildings as far as 200 km away. It was the most significant historic seismological event to have occurred in Central Europe. Its epicenter was between Waldkirch and St. Peter in Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald . However, it remains disputed whether the fault that ruptured to cause this earthquake

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770-807: The Rhine. The implementation of the proposed flood control measures on the Upper Rhine can prevent the occurrence of a 200-year-flood between Iffezheim and Bingen, with an overall economic loss estimated at around 6.2 billion euros. The floodplains between Mainz and Bingen are important for nature conservation. In this section, the so-called Island Rhine , there are many nature reserves and bird sanctuaries . 48°57′N 8°16′E  /  48.950°N 8.267°E  / 48.950; 8.267 Upper Rhine Plain The Upper Rhine Plain , Rhine Rift Valley or Upper Rhine Graben ( German : Oberrheinische Tiefebene , Oberrheinisches Tiefland or Oberrheingraben , French : Vallée du Rhin )

805-498: The Upper Rhine for hydroelectricity in the Grand Canal d'Alsace . On the left bank are the French region of Alsace and the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate; on the right bank are the German states of Baden-Württemberg and Hesse. The first few kilometres are in the Swiss city of Basel. Around 35 million years ago, a rift valley of about 300 kilometres (190 mi) long and 50 kilometres (31 mi) wide came into being between

840-410: The continents of Europe and Africa collided. It is thought that because the collision was irregular , the initial contact between the two continents resulted in the formation of dilational (extensional) structures in the foreland basin to the north of the Alps. The result was substantial crustal thinning, forming a major extensional graben and causing isolated volcanic activity. The stretch factor

875-569: The flood protection measures was verified using a computer model. The State Institute for the Environment, Nature Protection and Measurements in Baden-Württemberg carried out forecast calculations with the help of a mathematical "synoptic flood progression model". The analysis of the calculations and the evaluation of the results were made on the basis of the requirements and methods set by the international Flood Study Commission for

910-409: The isostatic response associated with the formation of an extensional basin. As a consequence, the highest mountains exist immediately adjacent to the margin of the basin, and become increasingly low outwards. The boundaries between the hill ranges and the Rhine Graben are defined by major, normal fault zones. The northern section of the Rhine Plain is equally framed by somewhat lower mountain ranges,

945-735: The local sediment transport capacity) has been dumped into the river, since 1978, using two motorized barges. The Upper Rhine plays a key role in flood control on the Middle and Lower Rhine . As a result of the straightening of the Upper Rhine, floods from the Alps now reach the Middle Rhine much faster than in the past. Thus, the risk of such a peak coinciding with a flood peak of Neckar, Moselle or Main has increased. About 123 square kilometres (47 sq mi) of floodplain have been lost. Authorities in riparian states of France, Baden-Württemberg and Rhineland-Palatinate have launched

980-494: The municipality of Plankstadt , also within the Rhein-Neckar-Kreis. Another center in the Rhein-Neckar metropolitan region is Mannheim, about 20 km (12 mi) northwest of Eppelheim. Eppelheim does not have any boroughs, but locals orient on the directions of the compass and refer to the parts of the city that way. For example, northeast Eppelheim. However, there are no exact demarcations. Archaeological finds from

1015-507: The nearest settlement to their confluence given in brackets. Left tributaties : Right tributaries : The Upper Rhine tri-national region (French: Région Métropolitaine Trinationale du Rhin Supérieur , German: Trinationale Metropolregion Oberrhein ) is a Euroregion that covers the border areas of the Upper Rhine (the northern part of the Upper Rhine valley and the Palatinate are not included as they are not border areas) and parts of

1050-459: The population. The Upper Rhine was straightened between 1817 and 1876 by Johann Gottfried Tulla and changed from a relatively sluggish meandering river with major and many smaller branches into a fast flowing stream flanked by embankments. The length of the Upper Rhine was reduced by 81 kilometres (50 mi). Some cut-off river arms and ox-bows remain; they are typically called the 'Old Rhine' ( German : Altrhein ) or Gießen (similar to

1085-481: The present cities of Basel and Frankfurt . This was due to tensile stresses in the Earth's crust and mantle , which resulted in lowering the earth's surface. The moat has been partially filled up again by sedimentation . On the edges we find mountain ridges, the so-called "rift flanks". On the eastern side, they are the Black Forest and Odenwald mountains, in the west the Vosges and Palatinate Forest . During

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1120-583: The well travelled streetcar line 22. The streetcar is run by the Rhein-Neckar-Verkehr GmbH (RNV). The connection leads to other public transit opportunities. Bus line 713 connects to Schwetzingen via Plankstadt. Intracity connections are offered by Eppelheim's bus line 732, run by Busverkehr Rhein-Neckar GmbH as the so-called City-Bus . Upper Rhine The Upper Rhine ( German : Oberrhein [ˈoːbɐˌʁaɪn] ; French : Rhin Supérieur ; kilometres 167 to 529 of

1155-934: The wide rift zone of the Upper Rhine Rift Valley. The two largest tributaries come from the right: the Neckar in Mannheim , the Main across from Mainz . In the northwest corner of the Upper Rhine Valley, at Rhine-kilometre 529.1, near Bingen, where the Nahe flows into the Rhine, the Rhine flows into a gorge in the Rhenish Massif and thereby changes into the Middle Rhine . Tributaries are listed in direction of flow (bottom to top), with

1190-553: Was introduced in 1900. It is based on a lost seal from 1689. The coat of arms matches inescutcheon of the old coat of arms of the Electorate of the Palatinate, which refers to the honor of the counts palatine of the Rhine. The flag is yellow and red and was awarded by the Ministry of State in 1959. Eppelheim is twinned with: Friendly contacts have been established with the following cities: The largest employer in Eppelheim

1225-700: Was part of the Rhine Valley extensional system, or simply one of the many thrust faults that make up the Alps to the south. Doubts have been raised over the adequacy of the seismic evaluation and design of the Fessenheim Nuclear Power Plant , built in the Rhine Plain close to the faults. Located below the plain, the Upper Rhine aquifer – one of the largest in Europe – holds an estimated 45,000 km (11,000 cu mi) of fresh water and supplies some 3 million people in France and Germany, supplying 75% of their drinking water and 50% of

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