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88-469: Under the command of Ericsson Radio Systems present CEO Lars Ramqvist, a new joint venture company was formed together with General Electric July 1, 1989, under the name Ericsson GE Mobile Communications . The company consisted of all mobile phone activity of both companies in Sweden and USA. Ericsson owned 60% of the company, and General Electric owned 40%. In this fusion GE contributed, among other things,

176-484: A corporate spin-off named Ericsson Technology Licensing was created to host the technology, and the first actual product, a Bluetooth headset, reached the market. Growth and volumes in ECS increased rapidly and during the early years all focus was on quickly ramping up production, which was met with success. In 1998 the company generated a profit of 13 billion SEK. However, in 1999 the company already encountered problems in

264-574: A joint venture with Salora Oy in 1979, which became the foundation of its future mobile phone business. In 1981, Mobira launched the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) service, the world's first international cellular network and the first to allow international roaming . In 1982, Mobira launched the Mobira Senator car phone, Nokia's first mobile phone. At that time, the company had no interest in producing mobile phones, which

352-596: A rubber business founded by Eduard Polón , established a factory near the town of Nokia and used its name. In 1922, in the now independent Finland, Nokia Ab entered into a partnership with the Finnish Rubber Works and Kaapelitehdas ( the Cable Factory ), all now jointly under the leadership of Polón. The rubber company grew rapidly when it moved to the Nokia region in the 1930s to take advantage of

440-527: A bail-out sell clause in the contract with Ericsson and sold its remaining part of the joint venture back to Ericsson, which thereby became the sole owner of the company. In 1994, mobile telephony accounted for 85% of the activities in the business area for radio systems, i.e. mainly Ericsson Radio Systems, accounted for half of the billing in Ericsson. The mobile telephony activities spanning both systems and terminals increased their billing with 73%. This year

528-626: A factory of some 1,600 employees in Lynchburg, Virginia . Ericsson Radio Systems former CEO Åke Lundqvist moved to the US as CEO for the new company, which also controlled the mobile handset activities in Kumla and the research facility in Lund . Mobile telephony, at this time, constituted 14% of the billing in the business unit for radio communications at Ericsson. In 1990 Ericsson GE Mobile Communications, at

616-570: A large range of colourful and replaceable back covers called Xpress-on. One of the earliest fashion phones in 1992, from Swiss watchmaker Swatch , was based on Nokia's 101 handset. The company would also form the Vertu division, creating luxury mobile handsets. In April 1996, Nokia claimed its 447Xav and 447K monitors to be the first with stereo speakers and a subwoofer . In May 1999, Nokia introduced their first wireless LAN products. In January 2000, ViewSonic acquired Nokia Display Products,

704-680: A new office for research and development in Research Triangle Park , a science park in Raleigh, North Carolina . This year, Kurt Hellström assumed the role of CEO of Ericsson Radio Systems, as Lars Ramqvist was promoted to CEO of the Ericsson main company. The purpose of this initiative was to divide research and development from pure manufacturing, to mirror the split between Kumla and Lund in Sweden. The activity in Ericsson GE Mobile Communications

792-607: A new operating system for PDAs and smart mobile phones as a successor of EPOC32 . They released the Nokia 9210 Communicator running Symbian OS in 2001 and later that year created the Symbian Series 60 platform, later introducing it with their first camera phone , the Nokia 7650 . Both Nokia and Symbian eventually became the largest smartphone hardware and software maker, respectively, and in February 2004, Nokia became

880-643: A new three-digit naming system for mobile phone products and stop using letters, effectively ending the Nseries , Eseries , and short-lived Cseries . That same day the Nokia 500 was introduced with the new system. Nokia last used three-digit names on analogue phones in the 1990s. When the Lumia 920 was announced in September 2012, it was seen by the press as the first high-end Windows Phone that could challenge rivals due to its advanced feature set. Elop said that

968-415: A press release stating that Ericsson Mobile Platforms would be joined with STMicroelectronics mobile platform company ST-NXP Wireless , forming the new joint venture ST-Ericsson , owned 50/50 by Ericsson and STMicroelectronics. In February 2012, Sony communicated that they closed the purchase of Ericsson's part of Sony Ericsson, which was consequently renamed Sony Mobile Communications . At this time

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1056-561: A result. Finland was now also experiencing its worst recession in living memory , and the collapse of the Soviet Union, a major customer, made matters worse. Vuorilehto quit in January 1992 and was replaced by Jorma Ollila , who had been the head of the mobile phone business from 1990 and advised against selling that division. Ollila decided to turn Nokia into a " telecom -oriented" company, and he eventually got rid of divisions like

1144-410: A series of mobile telephones to Åke Lundkvist. The business area for mobile telephone was restructured the following year into tow separate business areas with Lundkvist as CEO and Ulf Johansson as assisting CEO: 1 October 1988, Lars Ramqvist replaced Åke Lundkvist as CEO, and Ericsson's business area for defence communications was folded into the company. On 1 July 1989 a new joint venture company

1232-481: A sharp slide from the 5th place it was in 2009. Nokia's downfall in the mobile phone market has had different explanations from analysts, with many split about the CEO's decision to abandon its in-house operating system and adopting Windows Phone in 2011. Many researchers have concluded that Nokia suffered from deep internal rivalries within the management. Former employees claimed that the management became so swollen by

1320-587: A small base station in a household, and another experimental product was the DelphiPad which was developed in cooperation with the Centre for Wireless Communications in Singapore , a tablet computer with touch-sensitive screen, Netscape Navigator as web browser and Linux as its operating system . These products were never finalized, but pictures of these prototypes have circled the web. Immediately after

1408-486: A successful and innovative maker of camera phones . The Nokia 3600/3650 was the first camera phone on sale in North America in 2003. In April 2005, Nokia partnered with German camera optics maker Carl Zeiss AG . That same month, Nokia introduced the Nseries , which would become its flagship line of smartphones for the next six years. The Nokia N95 was introduced in September 2006, became highly successful, and

1496-410: A tyre producer originally formed as a division of Finnish Rubber Works in 1932, split away from Nokia Corporation in 1988. Two years later, in 1990, Finnish Rubber Works followed suit. In 1991, Nokia sold its computer division, Nokia Data, to UK -based International Computers Limited (ICL), the precursor of Fujitsu Siemens . Investors thought of this as financial trouble and Nokia's stock price sank as

1584-417: Is for 10-year-olds", stating that N-Gage is more suited to a mature audience. However, the device was a failure, unable to challenge the dominant market leader, Nintendo . Nokia attempted to revive N-Gage as a platform for their S60 smartphones, which eventually launched in 2008. In Q1 2004, Nokia's mobile phone handset market share steeply dropped to 28.9%, down from 34.6% a year earlier. However, by 2006,

1672-577: The Fortune Global 500 , having peaked at 85th place in 2009. It is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index . The company has operated in various industries over the past 150 years. It was founded as a pulp mill and had long been associated with rubber and cables , but since the 1990s has focused on large-scale telecommunications infrastructure , technology development, and licensing. Nokia made significant contributions to

1760-493: The 808 PureView with a 41-megapixel sensor, in 2012; and the Lumia 920 flagship, which implemented advanced PureView technologies, in 2012. Nokia was one of the pioneers of mobile gaming due to the popularity of Snake , which came preloaded on many products. In 2002, Nokia attempted to break into the handheld gaming market with the N-Gage . Nokia's head of entertainment and media, Ilkka Raiskinen, once said, " Game Boy

1848-521: The Datasaab computer division of Swedish aircraft and car manufacturer Saab . Ericsson Information Systems made Alfaskop terminals, typewriters , minicomputers and Ericsson-branded IBM compatible PCs . The merger with Nokia's Information Systems division—which since 1981 had a line of personal computers called MikroMikko —resulted in the name Nokia Data. Nokia also acquired Mobira, a mobile radio telephone manufacturer that had been established in

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1936-638: The Helsinki metropolitan area , but the company's actual roots are in the Tampere region of Pirkanmaa . In 2020, Nokia employed approximately 92,000 people across over 100 countries, did business in more than 130 countries, and reported annual revenues of around €23 billion. Nokia is a public limited company listed on the Nasdaq Helsinki and New York Stock Exchange . It was the world's 415th-largest company measured by 2016 revenues, according to

2024-642: The Symbian Foundation was closing and that Nokia would take back control of the Symbian operating system under closed licensing. By now Nokia was the only remaining company using the platform, along with carrier NTT DoCoMo in Japan, after both Samsung and Sony Ericsson moved to Android . Meanwhile, in 2010 for Nokia's Linux ambitions, Nokia collaborated with Intel to form the MeeGo project, after

2112-599: The mobile telephony industry, assisting in the development of the GSM , 3G , and LTE standards. For a decade beginning in 1998, Nokia was the largest worldwide vendor of mobile phones and smartphones . In the later 2000s, however, Nokia suffered from a series of poor management decisions and soon saw its share of the mobile phone market drop sharply. After a partnership with Microsoft and Nokia's subsequent market struggles, in 2014, Microsoft bought Nokia's mobile phone business, incorporating it as Microsoft Mobile . After

2200-462: The 1960s, Nokia expanded into the Soviet market. It soon widened trade, ranging from automatic telephone exchanges to robotics among others; by the late 1970s, the Soviet Union became a major market for Nokia, yielding high profits. The U.S. government became increasingly concerned of the possible export of items it deemed as high technology, such as digital telephone exchanges, to the Soviet Union in

2288-728: The 1980s. This led to Finland entering the Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls in 1987. This was a demonstration of Finland balancing between both sides, as it was neutral during the Cold War. In 1977, Kari Kairamo became CEO and transformed the company's businesses. By this time, Finland was becoming what has been called "Nordic Japan". Under his leadership, Nokia acquired many companies, including television maker Salora in 1984, followed by Swedish electronics and computer maker Luxor AB in 1985, and French television maker Oceanic in 1987. This made Nokia

2376-484: The ECS supply chain very hard, and caused further delays in deliveries. The volume loss has been estimated at 7 million phones. Nokia was able to sign up secondary suppliers before Ericsson and could thus maintain their market lead. According to a study in 2000, Ericsson was the third largest mobile phone vendor with an 11% market share, trailing Nokia and Motorola . In 2000 ECS produced its first smartphone , Ericsson R380 . It did not meet with commercial success, but

2464-665: The Microsoft alliance and under Elop's management, Nokia also had a renewed focus on the North American market where Nokia phones were, in stark contrast to the rest of the world, almost irrelevant for many years. This strategy began in January 2012 with the introduction of the Nokia Lumia 900 smartphone in partnership with U.S. carrier AT&T . In March 2011, Nokia introduced a new corporate typeface called "Pure". On 1 August 2011, Nokia announced that it would adopt

2552-488: The Nokia Siemens Networks joint venture for $ 2.2 billion, turning it into a wholly owned subsidiary called Nokia Solutions and Networks, until being rebranded as Nokia Networks soon after. During Nokia's financial struggles, its profitable networking division with Siemens provided much of its income; thus, the purchase proved to be positive, particularly after the sale of its mobile devices unit. After

2640-914: The Nokia board green-lit him the ability to change the company's mobile phones strategy, including changing operating systems. Veteran Anssi Vanjoki , head of the smartphones division, left the company around this time. His final appearance was at Nokia World 2010 when the Nokia E7-00 and other Symbian^3 devices were introduced. On 11 February 2011, Nokia announced a "strategic partnership" with Microsoft , under which it would adopt Windows Phone 7 as its primary operating system on smartphones, and integrate its services and platforms with its own, including Bing as search engine, and integration of Nokia Maps data into Bing Maps . Elop stated that Nokia chose not to use Android because of an apparent inability to "differentiate" its offerings, with critics also noting that his past ties to Microsoft may have also influenced

2728-548: The Nokia brand was "valuable" but "is diminishing in value, and that's why it is important that we reverse that trend very quickly, imminently". The next day, Nokia unveiled the N1 , an Android tablet manufactured by Foxconn , as its first product following the Microsoft sale. Haidamus emphasized that devices released under these licensing agreements would be held to high standards in production quality, and would "look and feel just like Nokia built it". Nokia CEO Rajeev Suri stated that

Ericsson Mobile Communications - Misplaced Pages Continue

2816-421: The US as CEO for the new company, which also controlled the mobile handset activities in Kumla and the research facility in Lund . In the annual report for 1989, the activities of Ericsson Radio Systems are described as divided into the following areas (the percentage is specified as the ratio of the total billing of 1989): In 1990 Ericsson GE Mobile Communications, at the initiative of Åke Lundkvist, opened

2904-486: The acquisition products were sold under the "ITT Nokia" brand, despite SEL's sale to Compagnie Générale d'Electricité (CGE), the predecessor of Alcatel , in 1986. In 1987, Kaapelitehdas discontinued production of cables at its Helsinki factory after 44 years, effectively shutting down the sub-company. On 1 April 1988, Nokia bought the Information Systems division of Ericsson , which had originated as

2992-502: The business area for defence communications was moved over to another Ericsson subsidiary, Ericsson Microwave Systems . Mobile telephony was now considered a core product of Ericsson. Nokia Nokia Corporation is a Finnish multinational telecommunications , information technology , and consumer electronics corporation, originally established as a pulp mill in 1865. Nokia's main headquarters are in Espoo , Finland, in

3080-506: The castle Björnstorp on 11 October 1982. Also in 1983, the Swedish company Magnetic , a manufacturer of mobile telephony base stations was acquired. 1 March 1986, Nils Rydbeck was appointed manager of research and development of mobile telephones in Lund, coming from a former assignment of developing a combat-net radio . After this he quickly presented a 10-year plan for development of

3168-422: The company had roughly 8,000 employees globally. The earlier product lines from Ericsson Radio Systems had, at the inception of Ericsson Mobile Communications, started to form platforms , which consisted of a certain electronic and mechanic design, and even if many different models were produced on top of one and the same platform, the early platforms can easily be recognized by their looks: As can be seen from

3256-600: The company into SonyEricsson and Ericsson Mobile Platforms, the number of models continued growing in Sony Ericsson while Ericsson Mobile Platforms cut down on the pace and produced a few platforms with names such as U100 , U200 and so on. Ericsson Radio Systems Ericsson Radio Systems AB was the name of a wholly owned subsidiary in the Ericsson sphere, founded on 1 January 1983 by buying out all former owners of Svenska Radioaktiebolaget (SRA). The company

3344-563: The company was steadily gaining again and in Q4 2007 reached its all-time high figure of 40.4%. Its smartphone market share in that quarter was 51%. Nokia was the largest vendor at the time in all regions bar North America . Nokia launched mobile TV trials in 2005 in Finland with content provided by public broadcaster Yle . The services are based on the DVB-H standard. It could be viewed with

3432-520: The company's new Internet services, which included the N-Gage platform and the Nokia Music Store . The Ovi Store faced stiff competition from Apple 's App Store when it was introduced in 2008. In October 2008, Nokia announced the Nokia 5800 XpressMusic , the first device to ship with the new touch-centric S60 5th Edition, also known as Symbian^1, the first iteration of the platform since

3520-530: The company's stock price fell below $ 2. CEO Elop announced cost-cutting measures in June by shedding 10,000 employees by the end of the year and the closure of the Salo manufacturing plant. The Finnish prime minister also announced that the government wouldn't subsidize the company from an emergency state fund. Around this time Nokia started a new project codenamed " Meltemi ", a platform for low-end smartphones. With

3608-566: The computer market with the Booklet 3G netbook in August 2009. In late 2009 and in 2010, the music-focused Xseries and consumer-focused Cseries were introduced respectively. In April 2010 Nokia introduced its next flagship mobile device, the Nokia N8 , which would be the first to run on Symbian . However it was delayed for many months which tarnished the company's image, especially after

Ericsson Mobile Communications - Misplaced Pages Continue

3696-415: The consumer market, when their main competitor Nokia started to use design as a weapon to gain market share. Nokia 3210 has been described as an especially troublesome product, as it lacked an external antenna . Ericsson viewed this as a technically inferior design, but consumers chose this design direction anyway. At the same time, Nokia started to compete by economies of scale and could thus bring down

3784-508: The country's GDP , 21% of total exports, and 70% of the Nasdaq Helsinki market capital . 60°13′30″N 24°45′22″E  /  60.225°N 24.756°E  / 60.225; 24.756 Nokia's history dates from 1865, when mining engineer Fredrik Idestam established a pulp mill on the shores of the Tammerkoski rapids near the town of Tampere , Finland (then a Grand Duchy under Russian Empire 's rule). A second pulp mill

3872-555: The creation of the Symbian Foundation. In November 2008, Nokia announced it would end mobile phone sales in Japan because of low market share. Nokia's global mobile phone market share peaked in 2008 at 38.6 percent. The same year, Nokia announced the acquisition of Trolltech and its Qt software development. Qt was a central part of Nokia's strategy until 2011, and it was eventually sold in 2012. Nokia briefly returned to

3960-404: The deal as rationally correct (in the best interests of Nokia shareholders), but emotionally difficult – experts agree that Nokia would have been in a cash crisis had it not sold the division to Microsoft. Analysts believe that Ballmer pushed for the buyout because of fears that Nokia was close to adopting Android and abandoning their alliance with Microsoft. Indeed, in January 2014 the Nokia X

4048-596: The decision. Although the MeeGo "Harmattan"-based N9 was met with a highly positive reception in 2011, Nokia had already decided to end development on MeeGo and solely focus on its Microsoft partnership, although the CEO said that the N9's "innovations" will live on in the future, which eventually made their way on the Asha platform in 2013. After the announcement of the Microsoft partnership, Nokia's market share deteriorated; this

4136-498: The division making displays for personal computers. On 26 April 2001, Nokia partnered with Telefónica to supply DSL modems and routers in Spain. In 1997, Nokia established a joint venture with Brazilian electronics firm Gradient where they were granted the license to manufacture variants of Nokia mobile phones locally under the Nokia and Gradient brand names. In 1998, Nokia cofounded Symbian Ltd. , led by Psion , to create

4224-555: The division was merged into Nokia-Mobira Oy. The brand continued to be used for televisions until 1995. On 12 June 1996, Nokia announced the sale of its television business to Canada/Hong Kong-based Semi-Tech Corporation . The television manufacturing plant in Germany closed down in September 1996. The sale included a factory in Turku and the rights to use the Nokia, Finlux , Luxor , Salora , Schaub-Lorenz , and Oceanic brands until

4312-414: The early success that they grew complacent over time. Some from the Symbian developing team have claimed that the company's upper management rejected hundreds of potential innovations during the 2000s that they proposed, including entirely rewriting Symbian's code. One former Nokia employee claimed that the company was run as a " Soviet -style bureaucracy ". In July 2013, Nokia bought Siemens ' stake in

4400-422: The electricity supply, and the cable company soon did too. Nokia at the time also made respirators for both civilian and military use, from the 1930s well into the early 1990s. In 1967, the three companies – Nokia, Kaapelitehdas, and Finnish Rubber Works – merged to create a new Nokia Corporation, restructured into four major businesses: forestry, cable, rubber, and electronics. In the early 1970s, it entered

4488-545: The end of 1999. Some of these brands were later sold to other companies. Nokia was the first to launch digital satellite receivers in the UK, announced in March 1997. In August 1997, Nokia introduced the first digital satellite receiver with Common Interface (CI) support. In 1998, Nokia became the chosen supplier to produce the world's first digital terrestrial television set-top boxes by British Digital Broadcasting (BDB), which

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4576-449: The executive board regarded as akin to James Bond 's gadgets: improbably futuristic and niche devices. After all these acquisitions, Nokia's revenue base became US$ 2.7 billion. CEO Kairamo killed himself on 11 December 1988. Following Simo Vuorilehto 's appointment as CEO, a major restructuring was planned. With 11 groups within the company, Vuorilehto divested industrial units he deemed as un-strategic. Nokian Tyres ( Nokian Renkaat ),

4664-431: The failure of its previous flagship N97 and tougher competition from Apple and the rising Google . On 10 September 2010, Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo was fired as CEO and it was announced that Stephen Elop from Microsoft would take Nokia's CEO position, becoming the first non-Finnish director in Nokia's history. It was claimed that investors pressed Nokia's board to recruit an outsider to shake up management and break from

4752-435: The first GSM network with Siemens , the predecessor to Nokia Siemens Network . The world's first GSM call was made by Finnish prime minister Harri Holkeri on 1 July 1991, using Nokia equipment on the 900 MHz band network built by Nokia and operated by Radiolinja . In November 1992, the Nokia 1011 launched, making it the first commercially available GSM mobile phone. Salora Oy as a Nokia subsidiary ended in 1989 when

4840-460: The following areas: 29 October 1983, the company created The Ericsson Mobile Telephone Laboratory in the science park Ideon in Lund , Sweden , and all research and development of mobile telephones was transferred there. The former development site for mobile phones in Gävle , tracing its roots back to Sonab mobiltelefon AB and as far back as AGA mobilradio was decommissioned, and none of

4928-422: The initiative of Åke Lundkvist, opened a new office for research and development in Research Triangle Park , a science park in Raleigh, North Carolina . The purpose of this initiative was to split research and development from pure manufacturing, thereby mirroring the split between Kumla and Lund in Sweden. The activity in Ericsson GE Mobile Communications was characterized by severe cooperation problems between

5016-414: The largest shareholder of Symbian Ltd. Nokia acquired the entire company in June 2008 and then formed the Symbian Foundation as its successor. In 1998 alone, the company had sales revenue of $ 20 billion, making $ 2.6 billion profit. By 2000, Nokia employed over 55,000 people and had a market share of 30% in the mobile phone market, almost twice as large as its nearest competitor, Motorola . The company

5104-485: The merger of Nokia's own Maemo and Intel's Moblin . Nokia's Symbian platform that had been the leading smartphone platform in Europe and Asia for many years was quickly becoming outdated and difficult for developers after the advent of iOS and Android. To counter this, Nokia planned to make their MeeGo Linux operating system, under development, the company's flagship on smartphones. Shortly after Elop's CEO tenure began,

5192-457: The mobile and smartphone market in 2016 through a licensing arrangement with HMD . Nokia continues to be a major patent licensor for most large mobile phone vendors. As of 2018, Nokia is the world's third-largest network equipment manufacturer. The company was viewed with national pride by Finns , as its mobile phone business made it by far the largest worldwide company and brand from Finland. At its peak in 2000, Nokia accounted for 4% of

5280-577: The networking and radio industries. Nokia started making military equipment for Finland's defence forces ( Puolustusvoimat ), such as the Sanomalaite M/90 communicator in 1983, and the M61 gas mask first developed in the 1960s. Nokia was now also making professional mobile radios , telephone switches , capacitors and chemicals . After Finland's trade agreement with the Soviet Union in

5368-480: The original developers accepted the offer to transfer to Lund. The mobile telephone factories in Gävle and Kumla remained. The reason for the move was that the company wanted to increase the cooperation with Faculty of Engineering (LTH), Lund University . The decision for this strategic movement is claimed to have been taken at a dinner hosted by Thure Gabriel Gyllenkrok, a board member of Svenska Radioaktiebolaget, at

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5456-426: The positive reaction to it had created a sense of hope and optimism in the company. The company was also making gains in developing countries with its Asha series, which were selling strongly. Although Nokia's smartphone sales and market share greatly increased throughout 2013, including in the North American market, it was still not enough to avoid financial losses. Ollila stepped down as chairman on 4 May 2012 and

5544-546: The power business. This strategy proved to be very successful, and the company grew rapidly in the following years. Nokia's operating profit went from negative in 1991 to $ 1 billion in 1995 and almost $ 4 billion by 1999. Nokia's first fully portable mobile phone after the Mobira Senator was the Mobira Cityman 900 in 1987. Nokia assisted in the development of the GSM mobile standard in the 1980s and developed

5632-581: The price on components. During 1998 the company ran into problems in the completion of their next flagship phone model, Ericsson T28 . It was initially planned for introduction in time for the Christmas season of 1998, but the launch was delayed until the autumn of 1999. In March 2000 the Philips factory for radio electronics in Albuquerque, New Mexico was hit by lightning and caught fire, which hit

5720-430: The remaining 20% of the joint venture back to Ericsson, who thereby became the sole owner of the company. In 1994 mobile telephony made up 85% of the activities in the Ericsson business unit for Radio Systems and this business unit increased its billing for activities including systems ( base stations ) and terminals (handsets) with 73%. Mobile telephony was now regarded a core product, and on March 1 Johan Siberg assumed

5808-616: The role of CEO, simultaneously changing its name to Ericsson Mobile Communications AB (ECS) and creating a wholly owned subsidiary with its main office in Sweden . In 1994 a side track activity with the short-distance radio technology Bluetooth was initiated within the company, and in 1997 ECS joined forces with Intel in this activity. In 1998 the Bluetooth Special Interest Group was created in cooperation with Intel , IBM , Nokia and Toshiba , and in 2000

5896-507: The sale of its mobile devices division, Nokia focused on network equipment through Nokia Networks . In October 2014, Nokia and China Mobile signed a US$ 970 million framework deal for delivery between 2014 and 2015. On 17 November 2014, Nokia Technologies head Ramzi Haidamus disclosed that the company planned to re-enter the consumer electronics business as an original design manufacturer , licensing in-house hardware designs and technologies to third-party manufacturers. Haidamus stated that

5984-434: The sale, Nokia began to focus more on its telecommunications infrastructure business and on Internet of things technologies, marked by the divestiture of its Here mapping division and the acquisition of Alcatel-Lucent , including its Bell Labs research organization. The company then also experimented with virtual reality and digital health , the latter through the purchase of Withings . The Nokia brand returned to

6072-463: The smaller legal entities was done to cut down operating costs. The main activity within Ericsson AB is infrastructure for mobile telephony. 1 January 1983, the company became a wholly owned subsidiary under the name Ericsson Radio Systems AB . This year the company had 3998 employees and described its business as advanced wireless communications for civilian use . The company was organized in

6160-487: The successor to Nokia's mobile devices division. Nokia also moved from its headquarters to another building complex located at Karaportti. At the time, Ballmer himself was retiring as Microsoft CEO and was replaced by Satya Nadella , who opposed the Nokia mobile phones purchase, along with chairman Bill Gates . The purchased assets from Nokia were eventually written-off by Microsoft in 2015. By 2014, Nokia's global brand value according to Interbrand fell to 98th place,

6248-410: The table there is a certain system in the model designations: the first letter indicates the radio standard (N=NMT, E=ETACS, G=GSM), the second letter specifies the mechanical design (H=Handheld, F=Flip), and the number indicates the platform used. Around the year 2000 the range of models increase, platforms and codenames explode and the model names can no longer be derived in a simple way. At the split of

6336-451: The third-largest television manufacturer of Europe (behind Philips and Thomson ). The existing brands continued to be used until the end of the television business in 1996. In 1987, Nokia acquired Schaub-Lorenz, the consumer operations of Germany's Standard Elektrik Lorenz (SEL), which included its "Schaub-Lorenz" and "Graetz" brands. It was originally part of American conglomerate International Telephone & Telegraph (ITT), and after

6424-467: The traditional "Nokia way". Ollila had also announced that he would step down as Nokia chairman by 2012. On 11 March 2011 Nokia announced that it had paid Elop a $ 6 million signing bonus as "compensation for lost income from his prior employer", on top of his $ 1.4 million annual salary. The old Symbian OS became completely open-source in February 2010. However, in November 2010 it was announced that

6512-528: The turn of the century 2000–2001 the European telecom crisis occurred, and hit Ericsson Mobile Communications especially hard. The business unit containing ECS would now come to generate a loss of 24 billion SEK. In the spring of 2001 the first countermeasures to cut down on the losses began by laying off 600 people in production, while simultaneously outsourcing all production with some 11,000 people to Flextronics . The research- and development office in Lund

6600-425: The two companies, and inability to break into the U.S. market for mobile phones. In the beginning of 1992 Ericsson purchased another 20% of the joint venture, thereby increasing their stake in Ericsson GE Mobile Communications to 80%. At the end of 1993 General Electric left the board for the joint venture. Eventually, on April 1, 1998, General Electric used a bail-out sell clause in the contract with Ericsson and sold

6688-507: The widescreen Nokia 7710 smartphone with a special accessory enabling it to receive DVB-H signals. Nokia partnered with Arqiva and O2 to launch trials in the UK in September 2005. In 2005, Nokia developed a Linux -based operating system called Maemo , which shipped that year on the Nokia 770 Internet Tablet . On 1 June 2006, Jorma Ollila became the company's chairman and retired as CEO, replaced by Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo . In August 2007, Nokia introduced Ovi , an umbrella name for

6776-536: Was also awarded "best mobile imaging device" in Europe in 2007. Its successor the N82 featured a xenon flash, which helped it win the award of "best mobile imaging" device in Europe in 2008. The N93 in 2006 was known for its specialized camcorder and the twistable design that switches between clamshell and a camcorder-like position. They were also well known for the N8 with a high-resolution 12-megapixel sensor, in 2010;

6864-472: Was characterized by severe cooperation problems between the two companies, and inability to break into the U.S. market for mobile phones. In the beginning of 1992 Ericsson purchased another 20% of the joint venture and Ericsson GE Mobile Communications was owned to 80% by Ericsson. At the end of 1993 General Electric left the board for the joint venture. In 1994, it was renamed Ericsson Mobile Communications and eventually, on 1 April 1998, General Electric used

6952-519: Was due to demand for Symbian dropping when consumers realized Nokia's focus and attention would be elsewhere. The company posted a large loss for the second quarter of 2011 – only their second quarterly loss in 19 years. Nokia's first Windows Phone flagship was the Lumia 800 , which arrived in November 2011. Falling sales in 2011, which were not being improved significantly with the Lumia line in 2012, led to consecutive quarters of huge losses. By mid-2012

7040-501: Was eventually launched as ONdigital . In October 1998, Nokia overtook Motorola to become the best-selling mobile phone brand and in December, manufactured its 100 millionth mobile phone. A major reason why Nokia grew against its main competitors Motorola and Ericsson was that it managed to cater to the consumer youth market and fashion-oriented consumers, most significantly with the Nokia 5110 and 3210 handsets, which featured

7128-418: Was formed together with General Electric under the name Ericsson GE Mobile Communications . The company consisted of all mobile phone activity of both companies in Sweden and USA. Ericsson owned 60% of the company, and General Electric owned 40%. In this fusion GE contributed, among other things, a factory of some 1,600 employees in Lynchburg, Virginia . Ericsson Radio Systems former CEO Åke Lundqvist moved to

7216-502: Was introduced which ran on a customised version of Android. It was a surprising and somewhat odd launch coming just weeks away from the finalization of the Microsoft buyout. Others, including Ballmer's successor Satya Nadella , felt that Microsoft thought merging their software teams with Nokia's hardware engineering and designs would "accelerate" growth of Windows Phone. The sale was completed in April 2014, with Microsoft Mobile becoming

7304-448: Was not subject to any major layoffs: 100 people were laid off and some 80 people in facility management and IS/IT were outsourced. A few months later however, the huge transformation occurred, splitting the company in two. As a last countermeasure to counter the economic crisis, Ericsson had to seek a partner for the handset production, and therefore the company was split in two parts on 1 October 2001: On 12 February 2009, Ericsson issued

7392-625: Was opened in 1868 near the neighboring town of Nokia , where there were better hydropower resources. In 1871, Idestam, together with a friend Leo Mechelin , formed a shared company and called it Nokia Ab (in Swedish , Nokia Company being the English equivalent), after the site of the second pulp mill. Idestam retired in 1896, making Mechelin the company's chairman; he expanded into electricity generation by 1902, which Idestam had opposed. In 1904, Suomen Gummitehdas ( Finnish Rubber Works ),

7480-427: Was operating in 140 countries as of 1999. It was reported at the time that some people believed Nokia to be a Japanese company. Between 1996 and 2001, Nokia's turnover increased fivefold, from €6.5 billion to €31 billion. Meanwhile, a Reader's Digest survey held near end 2000 showed that Nokia was the "most trusted brand in Europe", ranking better than Sony, Canon, and Nivea. The company would then be known as

7568-399: Was replaced by Risto Siilasmaa. In September 2013, Nokia announced the sale of its mobile and devices division to Microsoft. The sale was positive for Nokia to avoid further negative financial figures, as well as for Microsoft's CEO Steve Ballmer , who wanted Microsoft to produce more hardware and turn it into a devices and services company. The Nokia chairperson, Risto Siilasmaa, described

7656-469: Was the first phone to use the Symbian operating system, previously known as EPOC . The company also produced a Handheld PC named Ericsson MC218 , an OEM -product based on Psion Series 5mx . At this time various experimental projects involving handheld PCs was running: in the annual report of 1999 is a picture of a handheld PC named HS210 cordless display phone which would use Bluetooth to connect to

7744-495: Was well known in Scandinavia and elsewhere in the 1980s, as it was deploying NMT systems and developing a line of mobile telephones under the brand name Hotline . In 2002 the subsidiary changed its name to simply Ericsson AB and absorbed 19 other legal entities in the Ericsson sphere, but kept its company registration number with the Swedish state, so it is still the same legal entity as Ericsson Radio Systems. The merge of

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