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77-583: The mainline route of the Erie Railroad proved influential in the development and economic growth of the Southern Tier of New York state , including the cities of Binghamton , Elmira , and Hornell . The Erie Railroad repair shops were located in Hornell and was Hornell's largest employer. Hornell was also where Erie's mainline split into two routes with one proceeding northwest to Buffalo and

154-502: A coach shop with reduced staffing through the 1950s. In 1952, Erie closed the roundhouse as it converted its steam locomotive roster to diesel locomotives . By the end of the decade, Erie had moved all of its remaining shop operations to Meadville . Erie merged into the Erie–Lackawanna Railroad (EL) in 1960, and the latter ended passenger train service through Susquehanna on November 27, 1966. EL went bankrupt in 1972 and

231-662: A PGA Tour event, the B.C. Open , from 1971 until 2006. It then became the Dick's Sporting Goods Open which is a PGA Tour Champions event still played each summer. Binghamton has a AA baseball team, the Binghamton Rumble Ponies , and a Federal Prospects Hockey League franchise, the Binghamton Black Bears . Depending on the boundary definition, Watkins Glen International Speedway , a NASCAR and Indy Racing League sanctioned road racing track,

308-466: A large hotel called the Starrucca House, opened in 1865. The railroad converted the Starrucca House to offices and staff housing c. 1903. A new roundhouse complex was constructed between 1904 and 1911, and other shop buildings were added through the 1920s. In 1928, the railroad relocated its locomotive shops to Hornell, New York , and moved other shops out of Susquehanna in 1929, but retained

385-595: A route from Binghamton to New York City through Scranton, Pennsylvania : a route that could at least partially be upgraded for high-speed rail. As of 2011, the highest priority for high-speed rail projects in New York is in the Empire Corridor , of which no part crosses the Southern Tier. The hilly terrain of the Southern Tier's I-86 corridor is not ideal for high-speed rail service, especially compared to

462-438: A special, two-day excursion run to open the railway. It is reported that Webster viewed the entire run from a rocking chair attached to a flatcar, with a steamer rug and jug of high-quality Medford rum . At stops, he would step off the flatcar and give speeches. The line was built at 6 ft ( 1,829 mm ) wide gauge ; this was believed to be a superior technology to standard gauge, providing more stability. In 1848,

539-723: Is also a major part of the economy. Leading products are dairy, vegetables, orchard fruit and wine grapes (the last of which typically grows only on the fringes of the Southern Tier, as the inland areas tend to not have a long enough growing season to support it). In addition, two prominent microbreweries , the Southern Tier Brewing Company in Lakewood, New York and the Ellicottville Brewing Company in Ellicottville , operate in

616-649: Is located in the Southern Tier region. From 2000 to 2017, Elmira had a professional ice hockey team in the Elmira Jackals . They played in the United Hockey League from 2000 to 2007 and the ECHL for the franchise's remaining years. The Jackals were replaced by a new Federal Hockey League franchise called the Elmira Enforcers from 2018 to 2021. The last minor league baseball team in

693-570: Is served by three regional airports . Elmira-Corning Regional Airport has routes to Atlanta , Washington D.C. , Detroit , and several destinations in Florida . The Greater Binghamton Airport offers Delta Airlines flights to Detroit. Chautauqua County-Jamestown Airport connects to Pittsburgh via Essential Air Service . Bus service is provided along the entire I-86/NY 17 corridor by Coach USA 's Shortline /Erie services from Jamestown to New York City and Buffalo , and Trailways connects

770-510: Is the birthplace of IBM and flight simulation . In addition, other factories in the region make military aircraft, televisions, furniture, metal forgings and machine tools. The area includes the northern extent of the Marcellus Formation and natural gas. Crude oil and oil sands continue to be extracted from Southern Tier wells as they have for over a century. There is significant debate about allowing hydraulic fracturing of

847-642: Is through J.P. Morgan & Company , or the banks". Underwood responded from his home in Wauwatosa, Wisconsin , stating "I am running the Erie Railroad: not George W. Perkins, nor J.P. Morgan, nor anybody else." In the mid-1920s, the Van Sweringen brothers of Cleveland, Ohio, assumed control of the Erie, and they installed a new president for the railroad, John Joseph Bernet . Bernet only served as

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924-519: Is water. As of the census of 2010, there were 1,643 people, 636 households, and 436 families residing in the borough. The population density was 2,133.8 inhabitants per square mile (823.9/km ). There were 767 housing units at an average density of 996.1 per square mile (384.6/km ). The racial makeup of the borough was 97.1% White , 0.4% African American , 0.3% American Indian or Alaska Native , 1% Asian , 0.4% some other race, and 0.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2% of

1001-528: The Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins . The Erie doctrine , which governs the application of state common law in federal courts, is still taught in American law schools , as of 2024. By December 1941, the Erie emerged from bankruptcy, following a reorganization process, which involved the purchase of the leased Cleveland and Mahoning Valley Railroad , swapping high rent for lower interest payments, and

1078-875: The Allegheny River in the western Southern Tier. The Southern Tier makes up the northernmost portion of Appalachia and lies on the Allegheny Plateau . It is defined on its western boundary by the Chautauqua Ridge in Chautauqua County, and including this ridge and extending eastward across the northern bounds of the region, the continental divide between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watersheds exists. The Eastern Continental Divide runs directly through

1155-544: The American Civil War . The railroad and available fuel from the region's dense forests attracted Corning Glass Works to Steuben County in 1868. The region became home to prosperous farms and small factory towns (with the exception of larger Binghamton) during the first half of the 20th century. But declines in U.S. manufacturing hit the region hard and it suffered even more than other parts of upstate New York and northern Pennsylvania . The region's addition to

1232-645: The Appalachian Regional Commission , often credited to the influence of U.S. Sen. Robert F. Kennedy , provided economic stimulus over the last 40 years. Government funds built the Southern Tier Expressway, highway links to the New York State Thruway , encouraged the growth of state colleges at Wellsville, Alfred and Binghamton and sought with mixed success to attract business interests relocating from

1309-664: The Delaware and Hudson Canal to a point several miles west of Lackawaxen, PA. Construction began in 1836 and was opened in sections until reaching the full length to Dunkirk on May 19, 1851. At Dunkirk, steamboats continued across Lake Erie to Detroit, Michigan . The line crossed the Kittatinny Mountains at 870 feet. When the route was completed in May, 1851, President Millard Fillmore and several members of his cabinet, including Secretary of State Daniel Webster , made

1386-620: The Delaware and Hudson Railroad (D&H); on October 17, 1960, the Erie and the DL&;W merged together to create the Erie Lackawanna Railway . However, the merged railroad only operated for sixteen years, before their financial decline forced them to be absorbed into Conrail in 1976. Some former Erie trackage between Hornell and Binghamton were damaged in 1972 by Hurricane Agnes . The Erie's large repair facility in Hornell

1463-662: The New York Metropolitan Area and urban Western New York. For two decades, the region has tried to remake itself as a tourist destination and relocation area for retirees from big Northeastern cities. Meanwhile, agriculture and manufacturing struggle to compete regionally and globally. Binghamton University (the State University of New York-Binghamton) is one of the SUNY system's four University Centers . Other 4-year and graduate institutions within

1540-763: The Olean Times Herald , the Salamanca Press , The Post-Journal of Jamestown, and The Observer of Dunkirk. The Tribune, Reporter and Leader are all owned by GateHouse Media ; Gannett Company owns the Star-Gazette and Press & Sun-Bulletin. The Southern Tier has an eclectic history of sports. From 1979 to 2009 the LPGA Corning Classic was held at the Corning Country Club. Endicott's En-Joie Golf Course hosted

1617-726: The Pennsylvania Railroad 's Broadway Limited or New York Central Railroad 's 20th Century Limited . Some of the Erie's most well known trains included the Erie Limited , Lake Cities , Pacific Express , Atlantic Express , Midlander , Southern Tier Express and Mountain Express . All of these had their western termini in Chicago, except the Mountain Express which terminated in Hornell , in

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1694-498: The Southern Tier of New York. The Erie operated an extensive network of commuter routes in northern New Jersey and the lower Hudson Valley of New York. Most of these routes became part of Conrail along with the rest of Erie Lackawanna's rail operations in 1976. The New Jersey routes are now part of NJ Transit's Hoboken Division, originating and terminating at Hoboken Terminal. The Hudson Valley routes are now part of Metro-North Railroad . In addition to its steam and diesel services

1771-573: The Susquehanna River 23 miles (37 km) southeast of Binghamton, New York . In the past, railroad locomotives and railroad cars were made here. It is also known for its Pennsylvania Bluestone quarries. The behavioral scientist B. F. Skinner was born in Susquehanna. The American writer John Gardner lived the last few years of his life in Susquehanna, where he died in a motorcycle accident in 1982. The borough population

1848-567: The 1950s, the area is often considered to be a part of the Rust Belt , as manufacturing jobs have left the region. The Southern Tier is commonly considered to consist of 8 counties: The Southern Tier is not a legally defined region. Due to this, various neighboring counties can be included in the region, while counties near other regions of New York State may be excluded. For example, some organizations consider Delaware County , Otsego County , Schoharie County and Cortland County to reside in

1925-1064: The 1960s, over a dozen ski resorts resided in the Southern Tier, many in Cattaraugus County, before most of them closed due to various assorted causes by the 1980s. The Southern Tier is home to two professional symphony orchestras: the Binghamton Philharmonic in Binghamton and the Orchestra of the Southern Finger Lakes in Corning. Binghamton also has the Binghamton Youth Symphony and the Binghamton Community Orchestra. The Tri-Cities Opera Company present full-scale operas in Binghamton. Most of

2002-868: The Cleveland Union Terminal Company allowed the Erie to use the Union Terminal adjacent to Terminal Tower in lieu of its old station. That same year, the Erie purchased a share of the Niagara Junction Railway , along with the New York Central and the Lehigh Valley . On March 17, 1954, the Erie completely dieselized their locomotive roster, when K-1 class 4-6-2 No. 2530 hauled the railroad's final steam-powered commuter train between Jersey City and Spring Valley, New York . Later that same year,

2079-510: The Erie also operated an electric commuter rail line to its terminal station in Rochester, New York . The station was one of the Erie's few electrified railroad stations, and the railroad became one of the first to provide electric commuter services in 1907. As part of the 30th anniversary of Norfolk Southern Railway being formed, NS decided to paint 20 new locomotives into the paint scheme of predecessor railroads. NS #1068, an EMD SD70ACe ,

2156-426: The Erie built a third rail along the entire mainline from Buffalo to Jersey City. The third rail installation and standard-gauge conversion projects were so expensive, that the railroad was forced into bankruptcy. The Erie still did not see profits, and was sold in 1878 via bankruptcy reorganization to become the New York, Lake Erie and Western Railroad. On June 22, 1880, the railroad’s standard-gauge conversion process

2233-685: The Erie he managed to take $ 4 million, which he claimed was the railroad's "debt" to him. In 1869, the railroad moved its main shop facilities from Dunkirk to Buffalo . Rather than demolishing the shops in Dunkirk, the facility was leased to Horatio G. Brooks , the former chief engineer of the NY&;E who was at the controls of the first train into Dunkirk in 1851. Horatio Brooks used the facilities to begin Brooks Locomotive Works , which remained in independent business until 1901 when it

2310-439: The Erie's president from January 1927 to May 1929, but during that time, he initiated a reorganization and cost-cutting program to improve the company's operations and finances. He also arranged for the Erie to replace most of their steam locomotives and rolling stock with newly-built standardized equipment to speed up their freight operations, and it involved the introduction of the Erie's fleet of 2-8-4 "Berkshire" locomotives. In

2387-647: The Marcellus Shale in the Southern Tier, which is currently banned in New York. Cummins engine company has a large production facility located in Jamestown, NY. The Jamestown Engine Plant, established in 1974, is one of the top five heavy-duty diesel engine producers worldwide with production in recent years typically exceeding 100,000 engines annually. The JEP also remains one of the company's largest manufacturing facilities, as it accounts for 12 percent of Cummins' total engine production in 2012. Agriculture

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2464-560: The NYS&;W allowed the Erie to gain access to anthracite coal mines south of Scranton, Pennsylvania , competing with coal operations from the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad (DL&W). George W. Perkins brought Frederick D. Underwood into the Erie Railroad in 1910. During the eastern railroad strike of 1913 Underwood agreed to accept any ruling made by mediators under the Newlands Reclamation Act . One of

2541-476: The New York, Lake Erie and Western Railroad went into bankruptcy reorganization again, and then the company emerged in 1895 as the Erie Railroad. By that time, the company began to obtain financial support from J. P. Morgan . In 1898, the Erie obtained a subsidiary, the New York, Susquehanna and Western Railroad (NYS&W), after Morgan purchased the majority of their shares, on the Erie's behalf. The control of

2618-622: The Southern Tier is either served by the Elmira-Corning television market or the Binghamton television market. Cattaraugus and Allegany Counties are out of these stations' ranges, however, and are instead served by the Buffalo and Erie television markets. Two stations (more-or-less independent WVTT-CD and Retro Television Network owned-and-operated translator WBUO-LD ) are licensed to Olean but serve Buffalo in practice. The Olean, Elmira-Corning, and Binghamton radio markets directly serve

2695-677: The Southern Tier west of Binghamton, the Jamestown Jammers , relocated out of the area in 2016, ending an era in which the New York–Penn League featured pro teams in Jamestown, Olean, Wellsville, Hornell, Corning, Elmira and Oneonta over the course of its history; collegiate summer baseball still thrives in the region in the form of the New York Collegiate Baseball League and Perfect Game Collegiate Baseball League , both with multiple teams in

2772-456: The Southern Tier with Buffalo , Dubois (at the western end in Salamanca), Sunbury / Lock Haven (at Elmira), and Syracuse , Albany and Harrisburg (at Binghamton). A somewhat-unorganized network of municipally-operated public transportation services operate local and limited intercity bus services between Salamanca and Elmira. Until the demise of long-distance passenger rail service in

2849-730: The Southern Tier, and the Ithaca market indirectly serves some of the area. Seven Mountains Media is the dominant broadcaster in Olean and Elmira-Corning. iHeartMedia and Cumulus Media own station clusters only in Binghamton. Notable newspapers include The Leader of Corning, the Elmira Star-Gazette , the Binghamton Press & Sun-Bulletin , Hornell Evening Tribune, the Wellsville Daily Reporter,

2926-588: The Southern Tier. The Encyclopedia of New York State lists only Chautauqua County , Cattaraugus County , Allegany County , and Steuben County as part of the Southern Tier, with anything east of that being considered Central New York . Other definitions define it as comprising the combined Corning-Elmira-Binghamton Metropolitan Statistical Areas , which includes Steuben, Chemung, Tioga and Broome Counties but not Chautauqua, Cattaraugus or Allegany, which are considered Western New York . The New York State Division of Local Government Services presently classifies

3003-631: The Southern Tier. The Southern Tier is generally hilly without being mountainous (with the exception of the Catskill mountains). This can range from low rolling hills to more steep and rugged cliffs and valleys. The highest point in western New York is Alma Hill in Allegany County near the Steuben County line in the Southern Tier. Both the Delaware and Susquehanna rivers flow through the Southern Tier in their upper reaches, as does

3080-565: The United States in the 1950s and 1960s, the Erie Railroad operated passenger trains in the region, with Chicago, Illinois as the western terminus and Jersey City, New Jersey as the eastern terminus, with ferry connections to New York City . The last Erie Lackawanna passenger train, the "Lake Cities", ran on January 6, 1970. Amtrak currently does not serve the area. Proposals for high-speed rail in New York have included

3157-495: The abandonment of duplicate freight facilities in Binghamton and Elmira, New York. Between 1956 and 1957, the Erie shifted its passenger trains from its Pavonia Terminal to the DL&W's newer Hoboken Terminal . The DL&W also abandoned most of their mainline between Binghamton and Elmira, in favor of the Erie's parallel mainline, in 1958. The merger negotiations subsequently accelerated, and they briefly considered including

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3234-414: The average family size was 2.99. In the borough, the population was spread out, with 25.1% under the age of 18, 60.4% from 18 to 64, and 14.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. The median income for a household in the borough was $ 35,197, and the median income for a family was $ 42,422. Males had a median income of $ 33,929 versus $ 27,969 for females. The per capita income for

3311-607: The company; Cornelius Vanderbilt versus Daniel Drew , James Fisk and Jay Gould . Gould ultimately triumphed in this struggle, but was forced to relinquish control in 1872–73 due to unfavorable public opinion following his involvement in the 1869 gold-rigging scandal and to his loss of $ 1 million of Erie Railroad stock to the British con-man Lord Gordon-Gordon . Investors in the railroad were also weary of Gould's financial wars with Vanderbilt that caused wild stock price fluctuations and operating losses from rate battles. Upon leaving

3388-590: The construction of the railroads that would supplant them. Plans to connect these canals to the Pennsylvania Canal system, thus making them much more than feeders to the Erie Canal, never came to fruition. Railroads did arrive and the Erie Railroad , which followed the water-level of the Allegheny, Susquehanna and Delaware watersheds, accelerated industrial progress in the region about the time of

3465-554: The core counties include Cornell University , Hartwick College , Ithaca College , SUNY Colleges in Cortland and Oneonta , Jamestown Community College , Fredonia , and Tompkins Cortland Community College . The Southern Tier Expressway – Interstate 86 and New York State Route 17 – serves the Southern Tier. The highway is the region's major corridor and connects to U.S. Route 219 in Salamanca, Interstate 390 in Bath, Interstate 99 in Corning, U.S. Route 220 in Waverly, and Interstates 81 and 88 in Binghamton. The region

3542-405: The core counties include St. Bonaventure University , Alfred University , Elmira College , and Houghton College . Technical and community colleges include Alfred State College , Broome Community College , Corning Community College , and the State University of New York at Delhi . The region is also home to E.B.I. Career College, a vocational school . Institutions of higher learning outside

3619-456: The damage was quickly repaired and today this line is a key link in the Norfolk Southern Railway 's Southern Tier mainline. What was left of the Erie Lackawanna became part of Conrail in 1976. In 1983, remnants of the Erie Railroad became part of New Jersey Transit rail operations , including parts of its Main Line , and most of the surviving Erie Railroad routes are now operated by the Norfolk Southern Railway . The New York and Erie Rail Road

3696-405: The demands made by Erie employees was a 20% increase in wages. Erie management had refused a wage increase, but compromised by asking employees to wait until January, 1915 for any advance. Union leaders agreed to make this an issue which Erie management would settle with its own men. However, W.G. Lee, president of the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, asserted that the only way "to deal with the Erie

3773-503: The eastern areas of the region nestled in the western portion of the Catskill Mountains . A longtime home of the Iroquois Confederacy , European settlers moved to the region after the American Revolutionary War . The fertile yet hilly land, combined with sweeping river valleys, led the region to support a combination of manufacturing industries (including large companies such as IBM and Corning Inc. ) and farming, but with less development compared to neighboring subregions of Upstate. Since

3850-437: The exception of Allegany, Cattaraugus, and Chautauqua Counties, which are in area code 716 or area code 585 . As of 2023, the westernmost portion of the Southern Tier is located in New York's 23rd congressional district , and the easternmost portion is located in New York's 19th congressional district . The ZIP code prefixes 147 (Jamestown region), 148 – 149 (Elmira region), and 137 – 139 (Binghamton region) are set aside for

3927-406: The following fourteen counties as members of the Southern Tier: Allegany, Broome, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Chemung, Chenango, Cortland, Delaware, Otsego, Schoharie, Schuyler, Steuben, Tioga, and Tompkins. This definition corresponds to the same 14 counties in New York State that are members of the Appalachian Regional Commission formed in 1963. Much of the Southern Tier is in area code 607 , with

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4004-408: The mid-1930s, both Van Sweringen brothers died at an early age, before they could carry out any further plans they had for the Erie and their other railroads. Despite the ravages of the Great Depression in the 1930s, the Erie managed to continue operations on their own, until they filed for bankruptcy again, on January 18, 1938. That same year, the Erie was involved in the U.S. Supreme Court case,

4081-405: The more-level corridor to the north between Albany and Buffalo. There was an attempt at a Genesee Valley Canal in the western half, and in the eastern half, the Chemung and Chenango Canals did connect the Erie Canal to Elmira and Binghamton respectively. Beset by financial and technical difficulties, the latter two canals nonetheless were important catalysts for economic growth, and indeed for

4158-443: The other west to Chicago. On October 17, 1960, Erie Railroad merged with its former rival, Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad , to form the Erie Lackawanna Railway . The Hornell repair shops were closed in 1976, when Conrail took over, and repair operations moved to the Lackawanna's facility in Scranton, Pennsylvania . Some of the former Erie line between Hornell and Binghamton was damaged in 1972 by Hurricane Agnes , but

4235-551: The people of the Iroquois Confederacy. There were major settlements along the Allegheny River in Cattaraugus County (which the Senecas acquired by defeating the Wenrohronon during the Beaver Wars in 1638) and at Painted Post in Steuben County, at what is today the northeast side of Corning, New York. The Seneca Nation has a reservation today along the Allegheny River and a headquarters at Salamanca . There are also Native lands (with no current Native residents) on Cuba Lake in Allegany County. The colonies that eventually became

4312-407: The population. There were 636 households, out of which 32.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.8% were married couples living together, 19.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.4% were non-families. 26.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and

4389-400: The purchase of formerly-subsidized and leased lines. In 1940, the NYS&W became disbanded from the Erie's control, as part of their own bankruptcy reorganization, and in the process, the Erie was entrusted ownership of their Susquehanna Connecting Railroad. The Erie's reorganization was deemed a success, since the railroad managed to pay dividends to their shareholders. On September 15, 1948,

4466-427: The railroad built the Starrucca Viaduct , a stone railroad bridge over Starrucca Creek in Lanesboro, Pennsylvania , which has survived and is still in use today. In fact, current owner Central New York Railroad spent $ 3.2 million in 2021 centering its single remaining track, re- ballasting and repairing masonry. The viaduct is 1,040 feet (317 m) long, 100 feet (30.5 m) high and 25 feet (7.6 m) wide at

4543-399: The railroad interchanged traffic by means of truck exchange , including through passenger and freight connections to St. Louis , Missouri, using a Nutter car hoist in Urbana, Ohio . Beginning in 1876, the Erie carried out their plans to convert their trackage to standard gauge, since it was deemed that the standard gauge-broad gauge interchange operations could not justify the costs. By 1878,

4620-424: The railroad launched trailer-on-flatcar (TOFC) services. Erie Railroad prospered throughout the mid-1950s, but their profits were simultaneously on a decline. The company's 1957 income was half of that of 1956; by 1958 and 1959, Erie Railroad posted large deficits. The Erie's financial losses resulted in them entering negotiations to merge with the nearby Delaware, Lackawanna and Western. The proposed merger led to

4697-472: The region, and Town Team Baseball also operated in the form of the Southwestern New York Men's Baseball League from 2014 to 2016. Only one major league franchise has ever resided in the Southern Tier: the professional basketball team Elmira Colonels , which played from 1952 to 1953. Susquehanna, Pennsylvania Susquehanna Depot , often referred to simply as Susquehanna , is a borough in Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania , United States, located on

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4774-430: The region, in Steuben County. The Southern Tier is more linked, geographically, with Pennsylvania and the Susquehanna River valley than it is with the remainder of New York State. Population of the Southern Tier came primarily from Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and downstate New York ("Yorkers"). In contrast, the inhabitants of upper New York State came from New England ("Yankees"). The Southern Tier has long been home to

4851-424: The relatively flat and straight land in the Empire Corridor. Government services are the largest employer in the area. Of second and declining importance is manufacturing. The region's manufacturing economy has suffered for decades, but factories are found in the region's larger communities. Fortune 500 materials maker Corning Inc. is headquartered in Steuben County. Broome County has a large high-tech industry and

4928-427: The state border with Pennsylvania . Definitions of the region vary widely, but generally encompass counties surrounding the Binghamton and Elmira - Corning metropolitan areas . This region is adjacent to the Northern Tier of Pennsylvania, and both these regions together are known as the Twin Tiers . Geographically, most of the Southern Tier resides in the Allegheny Plateau of the Appalachian Mountains , with

5005-514: The states of New York, Massachusetts and Pennsylvania all laid claim to the Southern Tier at various points in the 17th and 18th centuries, while not making any significant attempt to settle the territory. The region was quickly settled by whites after the Revolutionary War, when settlers were again allowed west of the Appalachian divide. The Southern Tier shared in the economic growth of the early 19th century, but its hilly terrain made it less suitable to canal-building, and later, railroading, than

5082-495: The top. It is the oldest stone rail bridge in Pennsylvania still in use. As stated in the introduction, the shops in Hornell, New York were the largest on the Erie system beginning in the late 1920s, processing about 350 locomotives per year with "classified" (heavy) repairs. However, the first major repair facilities were built in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania in 1848, which were enlarged in 1863 to employ 700 workers. The primary car shops were located in Meadville, Pennsylvania in

5159-506: The western Southern Tier. The western and northern edges of the Southern Tier are known as ski country , and the hilly terrain (that forms a continental divide known as the Chautauqua Ridge) is notorious for frequent and heavy lake effect snow . As a result, Ellicottville has become a "ski town" with both the Holimont and Holiday Valley resorts in the vicinity; the two resorts draw numerous tourists, particularly from Canada , for which U.S. Route 219 provides easy access. At its peak in

5236-416: The western part of the state, employing 3,500 in 1912. In August 1859, the company went into receivership due to inability to make payments on the debts incurred for the large costs of building, and, on June 25, 1861, it was reorganized as the Erie Railway. This was the first bankruptcy of a major trunk line in the U.S. In the Erie War of the 1860s, four well-known financiers struggled for control of

5313-446: Was 1,365 as of the 2020 census . The New York and Erie Railroad (later reorganized as the Erie Railroad) built a rail line through the county in 1848, including the Starrucca Viaduct : a monumental stone structure spanning Starrucca Creek . Concurrently, the railroad established workshops in what would eventually be known as Susquehanna Depot. Initially, 350 workers were employed. The line opened for traffic in 1851. The borough

5390-399: Was absorbed into Conrail in 1976. Most of the railroad shop buildings were demolished in 1980 and 1981. With the demise of the local railroad industry, Susquehanna now has many small resident-owned businesses scattered along Main Street. Recent renovations to several Main Street buildings mark the first significant upturn in the local economy in several decades. The Erie Railroad Station

5467-453: Was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. Susquehanna Depot is located at 41°56′41″N 75°36′14″W  /  41.94472°N 75.60389°W  / 41.94472; -75.60389 (41.944601, -75.604025). According to the United States Census Bureau , the borough has a total area of 0.83 square miles (2.1 km ), of which 0.77 square miles (2.0 km ) is land and 0.06 square miles (0.16 km ) (7.23%)

5544-523: Was chartered on April 24, 1832, by New York governor Enos T. Throop to connect the Hudson River at Piermont , north of New York City , west to Lake Erie at Dunkirk . On February 16, 1841, the railroad was authorized to cross into the northeast corner of Pennsylvania on the west side of the Delaware River , a few miles west of Port Jervis, NY, as the east side was already occupied by

5621-586: Was closed following Conrail's takeover, and operations were consolidated at the Lackawanna's Scranton facility. A map from 1960 shows that the Erie had some control over the former Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianapolis Railway and the New York Central from Lawrenceville to Newberry Junction, near Williamsport, PA. The Erie Railroad operated a number of named passenger trains, although none were as well-known or successful as others like

5698-611: Was completed. In 1886, it was reported that the Erie and the Philadelphia and Reading Railway shared ferry services between their two Jersey City terminals, the larger being Pavonia Terminal , and Fulton Ferry in Brooklyn, New York for 11 round trips on weekdays and Saturdays, and four round trips on Sunday. In 1889, it opened a new bridge across the Hackensack River improving service to its terminals. By 1893,

5775-423: Was incorporated on August 19, 1853, from part of Harmony Township . In 1863, the Erie shops were expanded to cover 8 acres (3.2 ha) and they employed 700 workers by 1865, and later over 1,000. The complex included a 33-stall roundhouse , a rail yard , a foundry, gas works, oil works and offices. By 1887, the shops were producing five locomotives per month. The Susquehanna railroad station , which included

5852-406: Was merged with seven other locomotive manufacturing firms to create ALCO . ALCO continued new locomotive production at this facility until 1934, then closed the plant completely in 1962. The cost of breaking bulk cargo in order to interchange with standard gauge lines led the Erie to introduce a line of cars designed to operate on both broad gauge and standard gauge trucks . Beginning in 1871,

5929-433: Was painted into Erie Railroad's green passenger scheme. It was released on May 25, 2012. In October 2023, as part of the 40th Anniversary of NJ Transit Rail Operations , EMD GP40PH-2 B No. 4210 was painted into the Erie Railroad's black-and-yellow scheme. Southern Tier The Southern Tier is a geographic subregion of the broader Upstate region of New York State , geographically situated along or very near

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