Misplaced Pages

#758241

44-472: Estadio Nuevo Mirador is the Municipal Stadium of Algeciras , Spain. It is the home stadium of the football club Algeciras CF . The stadium with a capacity for 7,200 spectators, and measuring 105 by 68 metres, is a modern sports complex located in the industrial area of La Menacha , and also houses the offices of the club. The new stadium was inaugurated in 1999, replacing an earlier stadium which

88-548: A last attempt to shift momentum back in their favor against the Almoravids. Certain taifas hired Christian mercenaries to fight neighbouring realms (both Christian and Muslim). The most dynamic taifa, which conquered most of its neighbours before the Almoravid invasion, was Seville , which ironically was also the first of the major taifas to fall, followed (somewhat quickly) by Badajoz, Valencia and Zaragoza. Zaragoza

132-476: A range of agricultural products from the surrounding area, including cereals, tobacco and farm animals. In recent years it has become a significant tourist destination, with popular day trips to Tarifa to see bird migrations; to Gibraltar to see the territory's sights and culture; and to the Bay of Gibraltar on whale watching excursions. Algeciras is the southern terminus of two principal north–south Euroroutes ,

176-626: A recurring feature of al-Andalus history. The taifas were eventually incorporated by the Almoravid dynasty in the late 11th century and, on its collapse, many taifas re-appeared only to be incorporated by the Almohad Caliphate . The fall of the Almohads resulted in a flourishing of the taifas , and this was the case despite constant warfare with Christian kingdoms. Taifa kings were wary of calling themselves "kings", so they took

220-653: A worse port but more easily defensible, in Nasrid control after the Marinid retreat from the Iberian Peninsula. While the jurisdiction was ceded to Gibraltar in 1462 after the Castilian conquest of the latter place, there are hints about the continued existence of informal settlements by farmers and sepherds in the area, at least after 1466. Algeciras was refounded after 1704 by refugees from Gibraltar following

264-468: Is one of the largest ports in Europe and the world in three categories: container , cargo and transshipment . The urban area straddles the small Río de la Miel , which is the southernmost river of continental Europe. As of 1 January 2020, the municipality had a registered population of 123,078, second in its province after Jerez de la Frontera and greater than Cádiz city population. It forms part of

308-709: Is located in the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula , in the comarca of Campo de Gibraltar . Its strategic location near the Strait of Gibraltar —the choke point connecting the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea also entailing the nearest distance between Europe and the African continent —has historically powered the importance of the port. The city proper lies on the western bank of

352-632: Is principally a transport hub and industrial city. Its main activities are connected with the Port of Algeciras , which serves as the main embarkation point between Spain and Tangier and other ports in Morocco as well as the Canary Islands and the Spanish enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla . It is ranked as the 16th busiest port in the world. The city also has a substantial fishing industry and exports

396-488: The comarca of Campo de Gibraltar . The surrounding metro area also includes the municipalities of Los Barrios , La Línea de la Concepción , Castellar de la Frontera , Jimena de la Frontera , San Roque and Tarifa , with a population of 263,739. The Arabic name for the settlement founded by Muslims after the conquest of the Iberian Peninsula was al-Jazīrah al-Khaḍrāʾ ( الجزيرة الخضراء , "The Green Island"), in reference to Isla Verde . Al-Jazīra(t) gave

440-465: The Bay of Gibraltar , fronting the Rock of Gibraltar , which dominates the eastern bank. The municipality spans across a total area of 87.96 km (33.96 sq mi), bordering with the municipalities of Los Barrios and Tarifa . The lower course of the river Palmones forms part of the boundary of Algeciras with the municipality of Los Barrios. The urban agglomeration formed by Algeciras and

484-658: The E05 and E15 . Both routes, moreover, run to Scotland (the E05 terminates at Greenock and the E15 at Inverness ) via France and England. Places of interest include: The bus urban transport in managed by C.T.M. ( Cooperativa de transporte de Marruecos ). The Algeciras Gibraltar Railway Company built the Algeciras-Bobadilla railway line, which connects Algeciras railway station to Bobadilla, Antequera and continues to

SECTION 10

#1732772654759

528-618: The Goths and their Vandal allies, the city was under the control of the Visigothic kingdom until Tarik landed in Algeciras and Tarifa in April 711. In the year 859 AD Viking troops on board 62 drekars and commanded by the leaders Hastein and Björn Ironside besieged the city for three days and subsequently laid waste to much of it. After looting the houses of the rich, they burnt

572-727: The Paleolithic era. Due to its strategic position it was an important port under the Phoenicians , and was the site of the relevant Roman port of Portus Albus ("White Port"), with two nearby cities called Caetaria (possibly founded by the Iberians ) and Iulia Traducta , founded by the Romans . Recently it has been proposed that the site of Iulia Transducta was the Villa Vieja of Algeciras. After being destroyed by

616-671: The Parthian Empire and other regional rulers that succeeded Alexander the Great . That period was treated as an interlude between Alexander's conquest of Persia and the formation of the Sasanian Empire . The negative portrayal of the Parthian period by Muslim historians may have been inherited from Sasanian propaganda. In the 11th century, Ṣāʿid al-Andalusī first applied the term to the regional rulers who appeared after

660-541: The University of Cádiz : Taifa The taifas (from Arabic : طائفة ṭā'ifa , plural طوائف ṭawā'if , meaning "party, band, faction") were the independent Muslim principalities and kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal and Spain ), referred to by Muslims as al-Andalus , that emerged from the decline and fall of the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba between 1009 and 1031. They were

704-611: The association football club, founded in 1912, plays usually in the third-tier Segunda División B , with past spells in the lower Tercera División and the higher Segunda División . They play home games at the Estadio Nuevo Mirador . Algeciras BM , the professional handball club, played in the Liga ASOBAL between 2005 and 2008. The team was dissolved due to enormous debts after relegation to second level in 2008. The following education centres are property of

748-687: The 1030s, having been taken over by more powerful neighboring taifas . The strongest and largest taifas in this first period (11th century) were the Taifa of Zaragoza , Taifa of Toledo , Taifa of Badajoz and the Taifa of Seville . The most notable taifa to conquer most of its weak neighbours was the Taifa of Seville under the Abbadid dynasty. This region includes the Central and Lisbon region of Portugal and Extremadura region of Spain. This region includes

792-521: The 18th century repopulation was also participated by settlers from the rest of the Iberian Peninsula and from elsewhere, standing out Italians in the latter regard. Population rapidly increased (from 1,845 in 1725 to 6,241 in 1787). The Algeciras' social structure featured a comparatively small number of nobles and comparatively larger weight of clergy. Just like the rest of the Campo de Gibraltar, husbandry (cattle in particular) played an important role in

836-590: The Aljama mosque and the Banderas mosque. Reorganized near the medina, the inhabitants managed to recover the city and make the invaders run away, capturing two boats. It enjoyed a brief period of independence as a taifa state from 1035 to 1058. It was named al-Jazirah al-Khadra' ("Green Island") after the offshore Isla Verde ; the modern name is derived from this original Arabic name (compare also Algiers and Al Jazeera ). In 1055 Emir Al-Mutadid of Seville drove

880-568: The Berbers from Algeciras, claiming it for Arabs. Vowing to counter the Castilian expansion initiated by 1265, Nasrid Granada required assistance from Fez in late 1274 and ceded the place of Algeciras (together with Tarifa) to the Marinids . In 1278, Algeciras was besieged by the forces of the Kingdom of Castile under the command of Alfonso X of Castile and his son, Sancho . This siege

924-587: The Lower Guadalquivir and the Guadalete area. In July 1309, Ferdinand IV of Castile laid the first Siege of Algeciras as well as Gibraltar . The latter fell into Christian hands, but Muslim Algeciras held on for the following three decades, until Alfonso XI of Castile began a second Siege of Algeciras in 1342. Juan Núñez de Lara , Juan Manuel , Pedro Fernández de Castro , Juan Alfonso de la Cerda , lord of Gibraleón all participated in

SECTION 20

#1732772654759

968-658: The collapse of Umayyad power in Spain, "whose condition was like that of the mulūk al-ṭawāʾif of the Persians". The phrase implied cultural decline. The corresponding term in Spanish is reyes de taifas ("kings of taifas "), by way of which the Arabic term has entered English (and French) usage. The origins of the taifas must be sought in the administrative division of the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba , as well in

1012-521: The disintegration of the Caliphate left the rival Muslim kingdoms much weaker than their Christian counterparts, particularly the Castilian–Leonese monarchy, and many had to submit to them, paying tributes known as parias . Due to their military weakness, taifa princes appealed for North African warriors to come fight Christian kings on two occasions. The Almoravid dynasty was invited after

1056-544: The economy during the 18th century thanks to the rich pastures. Given the abundance of international conflicts in the Strait area during the 18th century, corsair activities against ships belligerent with Spain or neutral ships provisioning the enemy also became an important part of the economy. It was fortified to guard against British raids with installations such as the Fuerte de Isla Verde built to guard key points. The city

1100-464: The ethnic division of the elite of this state, divided among Arabs , Berbers , Muladíes (indigenous Muslim converts, a significant majority) and the Saqaliba , Eastern European former slaves. The most secure rulers were governors of frontier provinces, such as the “Farthest Frontier” of Zaragoza; since these regions had been ruled by families for generations prior to the fall of the caliphate, there

1144-568: The fall of Toledo (1085), and the Almohad Caliphate after the fall of Lisbon (1147). Warriors of the taifas took part in the Battle of Sagrajas , which resulted in the defeat of the Christians. Nevertheless, the Almoravids and the Almohads did not help the taifa emirs but rather annexed their lands to their own North African empires. In the 1100s, the remnants of the taifa dynasties in al-Andalus would join forces with Christian powers as

1188-614: The governance of the bishop of Cadiz . The bishops of Cadiz continued to hold the title of Aliezira, as it called, until 1851, when in accordance with a concordat between Spain and the Holy See its territory was incorporated into the diocese of Cadiz. No longer a residential bishopric, Aliezira is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see . Left relatively unguarded during the Castilian Civil War ,

1232-700: The local workers made unemployed when the border between Gibraltar and Spain was sealed by Franco between 1969 and 1982. In 1982 there was a failed plan codenamed Operation Algeciras conceived by the Argentinian military to sabotage the British military facilities in Gibraltar during the Falklands War . The Spanish authorities intervened just before the attack, and deported the two Argentine Montoneros and military liaison officer involved. Algeciras

1276-511: The modern Spanish Algeciras . Algeciras' site was also that of Roman cities called Portus Albus ("White Harbor"), Caetaria (current Getares) and Iulia Traducta . In the later "Byzantine" period , the site would come to be known in Greek as Mesopotámenoi ( Μεσοποτάμενοι ), meaning "between rivers/canals". The area of the city has been populated since prehistory, and the earliest remains belong to Neanderthal populations from

1320-564: The most famous poets and artisans. Observers in al-Andalus in the 1080s did not see a decline as likely, much less imminent or probable. However, by the 1090s, popular revolt became a real possibility as the ulama accusations against taifa kings gained popularity. Reversing the trend of the Umayyad period, when the Christian kingdoms of the north often had to pay tribute to the Caliph,

1364-525: The political decline and chaos was not immediately followed by cultural decline. To the contrary, intense intellectual and literary activity grew in some of the larger taifas. There was a second period when taifas arose, toward the middle of the 12th century, when the Almoravid rulers were in decline. During the heyday of the taifas, in the 11th century and again in the mid 12th century, their emirs (rulers) competed among themselves, not only militarily but also for cultural prestige. They tried to recruit

Estadio Nuevo Mirador - Misplaced Pages Continue

1408-482: The rest of Spain, the train line terminates near the port of Algeciras. The main routes serving Algeciras include: The main bus station is located next to the train station. Several bus companies operate intercity bus services from and to Algeciras. The nearest airports are: In addition, the Algeciras Heliport is being built for transport to Ceuta and other areas in the region. Algeciras CF ,

1452-419: The siege, as did knights from France, England and Germany, and even King Philip III of Navarre , king consort of Navarra, who came accompanied by 100 horsemen and 300 infantry. In March 1344, after several years of siege, Algeciras surrendered. On winning the city, Alfonso XI made it the seat of a new diocese , established by Pope Clement VI 's bull Gaudemus et exultamus of 30 April 1344, and entrusted to

1496-479: The surrounding settlements is the sixth largest in Andalusia and the third largest off the region's coast. Algeciras has a Mediterranean subtropical climate ( Köppen : Csa ) with very mild, rainy winters and warm, dry summers with occasional heat waves, and temperature fluctuations are small because of the strong Oceanic influence. There are no snow registers in the city since the 19th century. Algeciras

1540-455: The taifas of Badajoz , Toledo , Zaragoza , and even Sevilla paid tribute to Alfonso VI . By the end of the 13th century, only one remained, the Emirate of Granada , the rest being incorporated into the Christian states of the north . The Arabic term mulūk al-ṭawāʾif means "kings of the territorial divisions" or "party kings". Muslim historians originally used these terms to refer to

1584-525: The territory's capture by Anglo-Dutch forces in the War of the Spanish Succession . As early as 1705, the place was described as "...a heap of stones,...only a few hovels scattered here and there, amidst an infinity of ruins". The sense of temporariness among the displaced population and the hopes for a return to Gibraltar were shattered by the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht. Besides Gibraltarians, throughout

1628-686: The title of hajib , presenting themselves as representatives for a temporarily absent caliph. The taifa courts were renowned centres of cultural excellence in which poets, scientists, and other scholars were able to thrive. Wars between the taifas were common and rulers of Muslim taifas were known to ally with the Iberian Christians (and the North African kingdoms) against European or Mediterranean Christian rulers from outside of al-Andalus. These alliances frequently included payments of large tributes in return for security. Eventually,

1672-475: The town was easily seized in 1369 by the Nasrids from Granada with assistance from a Marinid fleet. It was destroyed on the orders of Muhammed V of Granada. While tradition asserts that it was torn down immediately after the 1369 occupation, the Nasrid scorched-earth policy has been also dated to 1375, once Granadan repopulation efforts should have failed. The garrison was thus relocated to Gibraltar, with

1716-461: Was also very powerful and expansive, but inhibited by the neighbouring Christian states of the Pyrenees . Zaragoza, Toledo , and Badajoz had previously been the border military districts of the Caliphate. After the fall of the Caliphate of Cordoba in 1031 about 33 independent taifas emerged out the civil war and conflict in al-Andalus. Many of the less tenable taifa kingdoms had disappeared by

1760-621: Was held in the Casa Consistorial (town hall). It confirmed the independence of Morocco against threats from Germany, and gave France control of banking and police interests. In July 1942 Italian frogmen set up in a secret base in the Italian tanker Olterra , which was interned in Algeciras, in order to attack shipping in Gibraltar. During the Franco era, Algeciras underwent substantial industrial development, creating many new jobs for

1804-543: Was minor immediate impact when the caliphate fell. During the late 11th century, the Christian rulers of the northern Iberian peninsula set out to retake the lands of the former Visigothic Kingdom that had been conquered by Muslims. By this time the caliphate of Cordova, among the richest and most powerful states in Europe, had suffered a civil war, known as the Fitna of al-Andalus . As a result, it "broke into taifas , small rival emirates fighting among themselves". However,

Estadio Nuevo Mirador - Misplaced Pages Continue

1848-596: Was rebuilt on its present rectangular plan by Charles III in 1760. In July 1801, the French and Spanish navies fought the British Royal Navy offshore in the Battle of Algeciras , which ended in a British victory. The city became the scene for settling a major international crisis as it hosted the Algeciras Conference in 1906. The international forum to discuss the future of Morocco which

1892-402: Was the first of a series of attempts to take the city and ended in failure for the Castilian forces. An armada sent by Castile was also annihilated whilst trying to blockade the city's harbor . The Marinid grip over the town further increased in the ensuing decades, and the place turned into a Marinid stronghold from which razzias were launched into the still incipient Christian settlements in

1936-533: Was used from 1954 until 1999. It was the stadium for England women vs Austria women and England women vs Italy women in February 2024. This article about a building or structure in the Province of Cádiz is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about a Spanish sports venue is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Algeciras The Port of Algeciras

#758241