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75-505: Americano Creek springs from low-lying coastal hills 4 mi (6 km) west of Cotati and runs westward, paralleling Roblar Road. It passes a closed landfill and crosses the Valley Ford Road. At this point the channel becomes better defined and also deep enough for kayaking during the winter months. Kayakers access the creek here by means of an unpaved boat launch road that is reachable from Marsh Road. The lower reach of

150-399: A 284-to-41 margin) the incorporation of Cotati as a separate city. After incorporation, the city grew rapidly, due in part to being within commuting range of San Francisco . Between 1965 and 2000, the population increased by more than a factor of four. In 1979, Cotati voters approved a rent control ordinance for all residential rentals, but in 1995, that ordinance was partly preempted by

225-499: A ballot measure prohibiting "big-box" retail stores of more than 43,000 square feet (4,000 m ). However, on November 4, 2003, Cotati voters approved (by 1,047 votes to 1,013) Measure B, granting an exception to this ordinance so that a Lowe's home improvement warehouse could be built on the west side of U.S. 101. In order to cope with declining revenue, the City instituted a series of budget cuts, starting in 2007. As of August 2009,

300-549: A cabin near Crane Creek . After the natives burned it, he retreated south to Mill Valley . In July 1844, the Mexican government granted Rancho Cotate (encompassing present-day towns of Cotati, Penngrove and Rohnert Park, and home to Coast Miwok people) to Captain Juan Castaneda, a Mexican military commander from Texas , in payment for his service as a soldier under General Vallejo . The grant took its name from

375-430: A closed landfill , and as of 2006, a hard rock quarry was proposed for it. Americano Creek is dry 4 to 6 months each year. For its first 8 mi (13 km), the stream meanders through a broad valley dominated by agricultural uses, principally cattle grazing . The valley floor is flat and wide, especially at the lower elevations. Due to siltation, virtually no rocks are evident in the streambed. Grazing occurs in

450-558: A family was $ 62,419. Males had a median income of $ 44,771 versus $ 35,779 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 24,206. About 5.3% of families and 8.3% of the population were below the poverty line , including 5.5% of those under age 18 and 3.9% of those over age 64. In the 2000 Census, 89% of the residents reported that English was their primary spoken language. 11% reported languages other than English, including Spanish (8%), Italian (1%), French (1%), Russian (1%), and Portuguese (less than 1%). The Cotati Chamber of Commerce

525-592: A land grant of 2 sq. leagues known as Rancho Olompali , from Governor Micheltorena of Alta California in 1843, which included the prehistoric Miwok village of Olompali (his home village) and is north of present-day Novato . The village of Olompali dates back to 500, had been a main center in 1200, and might have been the largest Miwok village in Marin County. Ynitia held onto the Rancho Olompoli land title for nine years, but in 1852 he sold most of

600-694: A political party. The city is served by Cotati-Rohnert Park Unified School District . Thomas Page Elementary School is the only public school actually located in Cotati. The main high school serving Cotati is Rancho Cotate High School , which is in neighboring Rohnert Park . Sonoma State University , a public college about 1 mi (1.6 km) east of the city limits, has an influence on Cotati. Coast Miwok Marin County Plains & Sierra Miwok Lake Miwok The Coast Miwok are an Indigenous people of California that were

675-599: A political structure and so are not "tribes" in that sense. Rather, chiefs or headmen ( oi-bu in Olamentko and hoipu in Hookooeko) were empowered at the tribelet level. The Coast Miwok did not have a single name for all three tribes, describing themselves instead by tribe, tribelet, or village, depending on the context. Using Merriam's divisions, the tribelets as shown on the map to the right – itself derived from Milliken – can be classified as: The Coast Miwok language

750-681: A portion of each group to Mission San Francisco and another portion to Mission San Jose in the southeast portion of the San Francisco Bay Area. By the end of 1817, 850 Coast Miwok had been converted. Mission San Rafael was founded by the Spanish Franciscans in Coast Miwok territory in the late fall of 1817. By that time the only Coast Miwok people still on their land were those on the Pacific Coast of

825-606: A sand bar forms at the mouth of the estero, restricting tidal exchange. At other times, tidal influences extend up to 4 miles (6 km) from the mouth. High levels of salinity have been observed in the estero. The Estero Americano is protected by the Estero Americano State Marine Recreational Management Area . Like an underwater park, this marine protected area helps conserve ocean wildlife and marine ecosystems. Two permanent Coast Miwok villages were located on

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900-482: Is a business organization that promotes economic prosperity within the City of Cotati through economic development services, business services and community events. The chamber is a nonprofit 501(c)(6) organization funded by membership dues, fundraising projects and donations. Cotati has numerous annual events, many of them organized by its Community and Environment Commission: As of 1995, Cotati had 20.06 acres (8.12 ha) of parks. Cotati parks include: Cotati

975-534: Is also part of the 3rd Senate District , represented by Democrat Bill Dodd , the 12th Assembly District , represented by Democrat Damon Connolly , and Sonoma County's 2nd Supervisorial district. According to the California Secretary of State , as of February 10, 2019, Cotati has 4,506 registered voters. Of those, 2,365 (52.5%) are registered Democrats , 701 (15.6%) are registered Republicans , and 1,175 (26.1%) have declined to state

1050-554: Is also surrounded by agricultural uses. However, the channel becomes better separated from grazing areas. The estero itself is a federally protected area. Flow rates are highly seasonal with the heaviest flows occurring in the rainy winter months. Water testing of Americano Creek and Estero has generally found pH (acidity) levels in the range of 7.5 to 8.0, which satisfies the guidelines in the State of California Basin Plan. In some years,

1125-519: Is crossed in three places: Valley Ford-Franklin School Road, Highway One, and Slaughter House Road. All three crossing are concrete continuous slab structures. The State Route 1 bridge, built in 1925, is 144 ft (43.9 m) long and located near milepost 50.47. The Valley Ford-Franklin School bridge, built in 1961, is 198 ft (60.4 m) long. The Slaughter House Road bridge, built in 1990,

1200-628: Is governed by a city council with five members, who serve four-year terms. Each year, council members elect a mayor and vice mayor from among themselves. Municipal election are held in November during even-numbered years. The city has its own police department. With respect to the United States House of Representatives , Cotati is in California's 4th congressional district , represented by Democrat Mike Thompson . Cotati

1275-615: Is now known as Rancho Cañada de Jonive , while Dawson and McIntosh settled upon Rancho Estero Americano . Rancho Cañada de Pogolimi was a Mexican land grant given in 1844 by Governor Manuel Micheltorena to María Antonia Cazares, widow of James Dawson. The Ebabias Creek tributary is shown on a diseño of the Rancho Cañada de Pogolimi grant in 1844 but the possible Indian origin has not been determined. Bridges cross Americano Creek in three locations: Gericke Road, Roblar Road and Valley Ford Road. The newest of these, built in 1985,

1350-469: Is only 75 ft (22.9 m) long. Cotati, California Cotati ( / k oʊ ˈ t ɑː t iː / ; Miwok : Kota’ti ) is an incorporated city in Sonoma County, California , United States, located approximately 45 mi (70 km) north of San Francisco in the 101 corridor between Rohnert Park and Petaluma . Cotati's population as of the 2020 Census was 7,584, making it

1425-1053: Is still spoken, but the Bodega dialect, spoken by the Olamentko group, is documented in Callaghan (1970). From speaking with Coast Miwok people in the early 1900s, Merriam believed that the Lekahtewutko and Hookooeko dialects were substantially the same. Ethnobotany of the Coast Miwok. They had extensive knowledge and relationships with local flora. Presumably every plant had a name and purpose. Notable engagement with plants may be viewed from four perspectives: medicinal uses, food sustenance, technology and spiritual significance. Medicinal uses: The California Floristic province provides an abundant natural pharmacy for healing and known developed treatments for maladies include but are not limited to: analgesic (pain relief), hematology (blood purifier), snakebite, respiratory, gastrointestinal and dermatological (skin) applications. Comparable to

1500-563: Is the 73 ft (22.3 m) long concrete slab structure at Valley Ford Road, 3.6 mi (5.8 km) east of the junction with State Route 1 . The oldest of these, built in 1964, is the Roblar Road crossing, a 27 ft (8.2 m) concrete culvert situated 0.7 mi (1.1 km) east of Valley Ford Road. The Gericke Road bridge is a 107 ft (32.6 m) long concrete continuous slab built in 1972 about 0.2 mi (300 m) south of Valley Ford Road. The Estero Americano

1575-641: Is water. The city is about 17 mi (27 km) from the Pacific Ocean. It lies entirely in the drainage basin of the Laguna de Santa Rosa . The Petaluma River watershed begins just south of town. To the west is the Stemple Creek watershed. The sources of all three watercourses lie in the hilly area between Stony Point Road and U.S. 101, just west of town. A gap in the coastal ridges near Petaluma often allows coastal fog to reach Cotati in

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1650-596: The Mexican-American war . Revere forced enslaved Coast Miwok people to operate the plantation, selling timber and crops. By the early 20th century, a few Miwok families pursued fishing for their livelihoods; one family continued commercial fishing into the 1970s, while another family maintained an oyster harvesting business. When this activity was neither in season nor profitable, Miwok people of this area sought agricultural employment, which required an itinerant lifestyle. The preferred locality for such work

1725-602: The Pomo , also Maidu , Ohlone , Esselen , and northernmost Yokuts . However Kroeber observed less "specialized cosmogony " in the Miwok, which he termed one of the "southern Kuksu-dancing groups", in comparison to the Maidu and other northern California tribes. Coast Miwok mythology and narratives were similar to those of other natives of Central and Northern California. The Coast Miwok believed in animal and human spirits, and saw

1800-797: The Rodgers Creek Fault (5 mi or 8 km east) and the Tolay Fault. To the west of Cotati is wetland habitat for Sebastopol meadowfoam , Pitkin Marsh lily , Showy Indian clover , and several other endangered species . The 2020 United States census reported that Cotati had a population of 7,592, The racial makeup of Cotati was 5,997 (79.6%) White , 1,412 (18.6%) Hispanic , 83 (1.1%) African American , 15 (0.2%) Native American , 182 (2,4%) Asian , 151 (2%) Pacific Islander , and 698 (9.8%) two or more races . There were 2,828 households out of which 772, (27%) had children under

1875-506: The census of 2000, there were 6,471 people, 2,532 households, and 1,607 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,444/sq mi (1,329/km ). There were 2,585 housing units at an average density of 1,376 per square mile (531/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 83.56% White , 2.33% African American , 0.90% Native American , 3.60% Asian , 0.23% Pacific Islander , 4.40% from other races , and 4.98% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12.52% of

1950-679: The cession of California to the United States following the Mexican-American War , the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo provided that the land grants would be honored. As required by the Land Act of 1851, a claim for Rancho Cotati was filed with the Public Land Commission in 1852, and the grant was patented to Thomas Stokes Page, February 18, 1858, for 17,238.60 acres. The landholding remained in

2025-471: The 1979 ordinance was repealed by Cotati voters in 1998, it was replaced with a more limited ordinance aimed at mobile home parks. At the present time, eight of the nine incorporated areas in Sonoma County have rent control for mobile home parks, the exception being Healdsburg . In 1990, Cotati citizens voted to impose a limit on future annexation of land by the city. This was followed in 1997 by

2100-482: The City expected to run out of money in its General Fund within a year. In April 2010, Cotati voters passed Measure A, which imposed a 0.5% sales tax for five years. In June 2014, they passed Measure G (by a vote of 922 to 808) to increase the city sales tax to 1%. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 1.89 sq mi (4.9 km ), 0.53% of which

2175-475: The Coast Miwok village of Kotati. However, a legend arose that Rancho Cotate was named after a Pomo chief named Cotati, and in 1973 the state perpetuated this legend on the historical marker it placed in the plaza. Rancho Cotate consisted of 17,238.6 acres (6,976.2 ha). Captain Castaneda moved to San Francisco and never developed Rancho Cotate. Because he failed to fulfill the legal requirements of

2250-625: The Coast Miwok word for people, Micha-ko , was suggested by A. L. Kroeber as a possible endonym , keeping with a common practice among tribal groups and the ethnographers studying them in the early 20th century and with the term Miwok itself, which is the Central Sierra Miwok word for 'people'. The Coast Miwok spoke their own Coast Miwok language in the Utian linguistic group. They lived by hunting and gathering , and lived in small bands without centralized political authority. In

2325-666: The Cotati Depot in 1907. It was located near the East Cotati Avenue crossing, almost 1 mi (1.6 km) east of the plaza. It was demolished to make way for Sonoma–Marin Area Rail Transit 's Cotati station . Prior to 1915, the major north–south roads (Petaluma Hill Road and Stony Point Road) bypassed Cotati. In that year, the state routed the Redwood Highway (part of U.S. Route 101 ) onto

Americano Creek - Misplaced Pages Continue

2400-576: The Cotati Police Department until September 3, 2003, when the department moved into a new building next door. The Cotati Speedway, a wooden oval track for automobile racing, was built near the depot around 1921. It was about 1.25 mi (2 km) in circumference. World records were set there, but it failed in its first season and was torn down in 1922. In 1927, the Cotati Volunteer Fire Department

2475-909: The Estero Americano: one named Uli-yomi at the head of the estero, and another named Awachi at its mouth. The earliest Spanish maps show the creek and its estuary as Estero Americano . At the time of the Russian colony at Fort Ross , the Americano Creek was known as the Avacha River . To counter the Russian settlement General Vallejo sent three "Americanos", Edward McIntosh, James Black (1810–1870), and James Dawson, to settle just southeast of Bodega Bay . These three men came to California as sailors with Captain John B.R. Cooper , brother-in-law of General Vallejo. Black settled upon what

2550-669: The First People to establish on the North American continent. Evidence to suggest this migration path and timeline is supported by the theory of the Kelp Highway and discovery of footprints in White Sands New Mexico date of arrival as far back as 23-21,000 years ago. Before and after the glacial maximum the sea level and coast line drastically changed and archeological sites are likely underwater as

2625-675: The Marin Peninsula, from Point Reyes north to Bodega Bay . The Spanish authorities brought most of the Coast Miwoks who had been at Missions San Francisco and San Jose back north to form a founding population for Mission San Rafael. But some who had married Ohlone or Bay Miwok-speaking Mission Indians remained south of the Golden Gate. Over time in the 1820s Mission San Rafael became a mission for Coast Miwok and Pomo speakers. Mission San Francisco Solano , founded in 1823 in

2700-576: The Page family for over eighty years. Subject to seasonal flooding from the Laguna de Santa Rosa, the land was used to graze cattle and sheep. In October 1870, the San Francisco and North Pacific Railroad completed the first railroad from Petaluma to Santa Rosa , and a town formed around the wood and water stop called Page's Station , then Cotati . Cotati's hexagonal plaza and street grid plan

2775-693: The Sonoma Valley (the easternmost traditional Coast Miwok region), came to be predominately a mission for Indians that spoke the Wappo or Patwin languages. At the end of the Mission period (1769–1834) the Coast Miwoks were freed from the control of the Franciscan missionaries. At the same time the Mission lands were secularized and ceded to Californios . Most Coast Miwok began to live in servitude on

2850-556: The Tomales Bay. About 500 Miwok people relocated to Rancho Nicasio . By 1850 they had one league of land left. This radical reduction of land was a result of illegal confiscation of land by Europeans under protest by native residents. In 1870, José Calistro , the last community leader at Nicasio, purchased the small surrounding parcel. Calistro died in 1875, and in 1876 the land was transferred by his will to his four children. In 1880 there were 36 Miwok people at Nicasio. The population

2925-508: The United States, is California Historical Landmark number 879. The other U.S. city with a hexagonal layout is Detroit, Michigan . The Coast Miwok civilization thrived in the Cotati area since at least 2000 BC , with principal villages built near major streams. Documented villages in the area included Lumen-takala (northeast of present-day Cotati), Payinecha (west of present-day Cotati), and Kotati . In 1827, an Irishman named John Thomas Reed ventured into Miwok territory and built

3000-461: The age of 18 living in them. There were 1,670 families with an average family size of 3.49. Housing units were 59.7% owner-occupied and 43.3% were renter-occupied. The average household size was 2.68 people. The population is made up by 1,617 people (21.3%) under the age of 18, 731 people (9.6%) aged 18 to 24, 2,408 people (31.6%) aged 25 to 44, 1,771,people (23.2%) aged 45 to 64, and 1,076 (14.2%) people who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

3075-533: The animal spirits as their ancestors. Coyote was seen as their ancestor and creator god . In their stories, the Earth began with land formed out of the Pacific Ocean . In their myths, legends, tales, and histories , the Coast Miwok participated in the general cultural pattern of Central California. The authenticated Coast Miwok villages are: Coastal populations like the Coast Miwok were likely some of

Americano Creek - Misplaced Pages Continue

3150-416: The average family size was 3.05. The population was distributed, with 25.7% under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 35.6% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 7.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.3 males. The median income for a household was $ 52,808, and the median income for

3225-562: The creek flows westward past the small community of Bloomfield , paralleling Valley Ford Road, and passes under State Route 1 , known locally as "Highway 1" or "the Shoreline Highway", at which point it begins to define the Sonoma-Marin county line. Just west of the highway, the watercourse 's official name changes to Estero Americano . It meanders past the town of Valley Ford . Valley Ford-Franklin School Road crosses at

3300-429: The creek non-navigable. Pollutants found at hazardous level in the creek have included fecal bacteria , copper , ammonia , and zinc . The creek's headwaters area is a historic habitat for a number of rare and endangered species including Sebastopol meadowfoam, Limnanthes vinculans ; showy Indian clover, Trifolium amoenum ; and Pitkin Marsh lily , Lilium pardolinum ssp pitkinese . This area also contains

3375-503: The flora available. Coast Miwok utilized various species for their intrinsic properties, fire and rot resistance, fiber strength, flexibility and color ect. Spiritual Significance Plants were deeply valued and an integral part of spiritual or ceremonial practices. Specific plants were used for certain purposes: success for hunting, rites of passage, aiding fertility, protection and health, as well as mourning. Coast Miwok people's world view included animism , and one form this took

3450-567: The grant, he lost control of the rancho, which passed to Thomas Larkin and then to Joseph Ruckle. In 1849, Ruckle sold the land to Dr. Thomas Stokes Page, a former resident of Valparaíso , Chile, for $ 1,600. Rancho Cotate was recorded in California state records as follows: Cotate #65, Sonoma Co., Grant of 4 sq. leagues made in 1844 by Gov. Micheltorena to Juan Casteneda . Confirmed in 1846. Patent for 17,238 acres (6,976 ha) issued in 1858 to Thos. S. Page. In T 5-6N, R 7-8W, MDM. With

3525-459: The land to James Black of Marin. He retained 1,480 acres (6.0 km ) called Apalacocha. His daughter eventually sold Apalacocha . The other Miwok-owned rancho was at Rancho Nicasio northwest of San Rafael . Near the time of secularization (1835), the Church granted the "San Rafael Christian Indians" 20 leagues (80,000 acres or 32,000 hectares) of Mission lands from present-day Nicasio to

3600-407: The last bridge across the estero. Shortly thereafter, Ebabias Creek enters from the north. The last 6 mi (10 km) of the estero are virtually without road access or visibility from public roads. The estero continues to define the county boundary until it reaches the coast, where it empties into Bodega Bay about 4 mi (6 km) southeast of the town of Bodega Bay . Its mouth lies near

3675-594: The least populous incorporated community in Sonoma County. Like all of Sonoma County, Cotati is included in both the San Francisco Bay Area and North Coast . Located in the Sonoma Coast AVA , Cotati can also be considered part of Wine Country . E & J Gallo Winery operates a 400-acre (160 ha) vineyard called Two Rock Vineyard in the hills west of town. Cotati's hexagonal downtown plaza, one of only two hexagonal town layouts in

3750-561: The marriages of 49 couples from their Huimen and Guaulen local tribes ( San Rafael and Bolinas Bay ) appeared in the Mission San Francisco Book of Marriages. Local tribes from farther and farther north along the shore of San Pablo Bay moved to Mission San Francisco through 1812. Then in 1814 the Spanish authorities began to split the northern groups—Alagualis, Chocoimes (alias Sonomas), Olompalis, and Petalumas—sending

3825-503: The modern concepts of farming and restoration, Coast Miwok practiced their own methods. Coast Miwok were active stewards to encourage and sustain ecological life-giving sources , otherwise known as resources . For example cultivation efforts involved seed collection, storing seeds, propagation, and transplantation. Other methods include prescribed burns and generational management of oak tree groves or stands . Technology Building shelter, assisting travel and tools were specialized by

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3900-428: The mostly unpaved Cotati Boulevard. U.S. 101 passed through the downtown plaza until 1955, when the highway was rerouted further west. U.S. 101 still bisects Cotati, and the former route is called Old Redwood Highway. In February 1921, the old schoolhouse at 201 West Sierra burned down. A new school built on the same site opened in 1922. This building has served as City Hall since 1971. The rear of this building housed

3975-655: The native populations of the Sonoma region, and the Coast Miwok population continued to decline rapidly from other diseases brought in from the Spaniards as well as the Russians at Fort Ross . By the beginning of California statehood (1850), many Miwok of Marin and Sonoma Counties were making the best of a difficult situation by earning their livelihoods through farm labor or fishing within their traditional homelands. Others chose to work as seasonal or year-round laborers on

4050-776: The north end of the Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary . California's 1994 water quality report designated all of Americano Creek and most of the Estero Americano as "impaired" streamways as defined in section 303(d) of the Federal Water Resource Statutes, due to runoff from pasture land and feedlots. As recently as 1987, a single gully near Americano Creek released 4,000 tons/year of sediment , contributing to flooding in downstream communities and making

4125-515: The passage of AB ( Assembly Bill) 1164, known as the Costa/Hawkins Bill. At the time, Cotati was one of five cities in California with "strong rent control " laws which included vacancy control. (The other cities were West Hollywood , Santa Monica , Berkeley and East Palo Alto ). The Costa/Hawkins bill made it impossible for California municipalities to enforce vacancy control, except in special cases like mobile home parks . When

4200-595: The population lived in households and 0.1% lived in non-institutionalized group quarters. There were 2,978 households, out of which 941 (31.6%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 1,214 (40.8%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 399 (13.4%) had a female householder with no husband present, 161 (5.4%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 259 (8.7%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships , and 35 (1.2%) same-sex married couples or partnerships . 812 households (27.3%) were made up of individuals, and 215 (7.2%) had someone living alone who

4275-406: The population. There were 2,532 households, out of which 35.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.8% were married couples living together, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.5% were non-families. 23.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and

4350-458: The ranches that were rapidly passing from Mexican ownership into Anglo-American ownership. After Mission San Rafael closed during the 1834–1836 period, the Mexican government deeded most of the land to Californios, but allowed the Miwok ex- neophytes to own land at two locations within traditional Coast Miwok territory: Olompali and Nicasio . The Coast Miwok leader Camilo Ynitia , secured

4425-401: The ranchos for the new California land grant owners, such as those who went to work for General Mariano G. Vallejo at Rancho Petaluma Adobe . The ranch owners were dependent upon the labor pool of Indians with agricultural and ranching skills. Other Miwok chose to live independently in bands like those at Rancho Olompali and Rancho Nicasio . In 1837, a smallpox epidemic decimated all

4500-584: The sea level has risen over 400 ft since 18,000 years ago and the coast line reduced by over 30 miles in some areas. Documentation of Miwok peoples dates back as early as 1579 by a priest on a ship under the command of Sir Francis Drake . Other verification of occupancy exists from Spanish and Russian voyagers between 1595 and 1808. Over 1,000 prehistoric charmstones and numerous arrowheads have been unearthed at Tolay Lake in Southern Sonoma County – some dating back 4,000 years. The lake

4575-892: The second-largest tribe of the Miwok people. Coast Miwok inhabited the general area of present-day Marin County and southern Sonoma County in Northern California , from the Golden Gate north to Duncans Point and eastward to Sonoma Creek . Coast Miwok included the Bodega Bay Miwok, or Olamentko (Olamentke), from authenticated Miwok villages around Bodega Bay , the Marin Miwok, or Hookooeko (Huukuiko), and Southern Sonoma Miwok, or Lekahtewutko (Lekatuit). While they did not have an overarching name for themselves,

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4650-614: The springtime they would head to the coasts to hunt salmon and other seafood, including seaweed. Otherwise their staple foods were primarily acorns —particularly from black and tan oak –nuts and wild game, such as deer and cottontail rabbits and black-tailed deer , Odocoileus hemionus columbianus , a coastal subspecies of the California mule deer , Odocoileus hemionus . When hunting deer, Miwok hunters traditionally used Brewer's angelica , Angelica breweri to eliminate their own scent. Miwok did not typically hunt bears. Yerba buena tea leaves were used medicinally. Tattooing

4725-432: The streambed itself, putting pathogens directly into the water. During the rainy season (November to April), this bottomland consists in places of an expansive marshy area. Most native wetland vegetation has been destroyed by ongoing grazing. Grazing is so intense that cattle are seen wading in a broad marshy streambed over 16 in (40 cm) deep and over 300 ft (100 m) wide. The lower reach of Americano Creek

4800-560: The summer, giving it a marine climate that is noticeably cooler and less sunny than the "coastal" climates of nearby Santa Rosa and Sebastopol . Cotati averages fewer than 800 hours per growing season in the 70–90 °F (21–32 °C) range. The soils of the Cotati area are characterized by recent alluvial materials, explicitly those areas bordering the Laguna de Santa Rosa and its tributary Washoe Creek . These materials are largely stream and valley alluvium , with artificial fill in some areas. Active faults near Cotati include

4875-471: Was 36.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.7 males. There were 3,143 housing units at an average density of 1,669.0 per square mile (644.4/km ), of which 59.1% were owner-occupied and 40.9% were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.0%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.6%. 59.3% of the population lived in owner-occupied housing units and 40.6% lived in rental housing units. As of

4950-520: Was 37.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.9 males. The 2010 United States Census reported that Cotati had a population of 7,265. The population density was 3,857.8 inhabitants per square mile (1,489.5/km ). The racial makeup of Cotati was 5,929 (81.6%) White , 1,255 (17.3%) Hispanic , 122 (1.7%) African American , 75 (1.0%) Native American , 283 (3.9%) Asian , 30 (0.4%) Pacific Islander , 427 (5.9%) from other races , and 399 (5.5%) from two or more races. The Census reported that 99.9% of

5025-413: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44. There were 1,774 families (59.6% of all households); the average family size was 2.97. The population was spread out, with 1,591 people (21.9%) under the age of 18, 871 people (12.0%) aged 18 to 24, 2,060 people (28.4%) aged 25 to 44, 2,130 people (29.3%) aged 45 to 64, and 613 people (8.4%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

5100-491: Was a traditional practice among Coast Miwok, and they burned poison oak for a pigment. Their traditional houses, called "kotcha", were constructed with slabs of tule grass or redwood bark in a cone-shaped form. Miwok people are skilled at basketry . A recreated Coast Miwok village called Kule Loklo is located at the Point Reyes National Seashore . In C. Hart Merriam 's discussions with Coast Miwok peoples, he identified three cultural tribes: These tribes did not have

5175-484: Was designed during the 1890s by Newton Smyth as an alternative to the traditional grid. Dr. Thomas Page's barn once stood where the plaza is today, and each of the streets surrounding the plaza is named after one of his sons. In 1892, the Page family created the Cotati Land Company to subdivide their ranch into parcels of five to twenty acres (two to eight hectares). By 1901, good land was selling for $ 30 to $ 60 per acre. Page family ownership ended in 1944. The Cotati area

5250-427: Was organized. Since 1993, Cotati has been part of the Rancho Adobe Fire Protection District. A local weekly newspaper called The Cotatian was established by E. A. Little in 1944 and lasted until 1964. The current local paper is The Community Voice , published in neighboring Penngrove . On July 2, 1963, less than a year after the incorporation of the lands north of town to form Rohnert Park , voters approved (by

5325-444: Was persuaded to leave in the 1880s when Marin County curtailed funds to all Miwok (except those at Marshall ) who were not living at the Poor Farm, a place for indigent peoples. Some Coast Miwok persons were enslaved. In 1846, Joseph Warren Revere (career militant and grandson of Paul Revere ) purchased Rancho San Geronimo . It was 8,701 acres (3,521 ha) of Coast Miwok land, first seized by Manuel Micheltorena in 1844 during

5400-475: Was shaken up by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake . After the quake, Drury Butler reported that "the chimneys were as a rule thrown down". In particular, the Stony Point School at 38°20′36″N 122°44′30″W  /  38.34325°N 122.74166°W  / 38.34325; -122.74166  ( Stony Point School ) suffered a chimney failure. The Northwestern Pacific Railroad built

5475-527: Was the Kuksu religion that was evident in Central and Northern California. This included elaborate acting and dancing ceremonies in traditional costume, an annual mourning ceremony, puberty rites of passage , shamanic intervention with the spirit world and an all-male society that met in subterranean dance rooms. Kuksu was shared with other indigenous ethnic groups of Central California, such as their neighbors

5550-666: Was thought to be a sacred site and ceremonial gathering and healing place for the Miwok and others in the region. Coast Miwok would travel and camp on the coast and bays at peak fishing seasons. After the Europeans arrived in California, the population declined from diseases introduced by the Europeans. Beginning in 1783, mission ecclesiastical records show that Coast Miwok individuals began to join Mission San Francisco de Asis , now known as Mission Dolores. They started joining that mission in large numbers in 1803, when

5625-626: Was within Marin and Sonoma counties. The Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria , formerly the Federated Coast Miwok, gained federal recognition of their tribal status in December 2000. The new tribe consists of people of both Coast Miwok and Southern Pomo descent. Estimates for the pre-contact populations of most native groups in California have varied substantially. (See Population of Native California .) Alfred L. Kroeber put

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