56-704: Esbon is a city in Jewell County , Kansas , United States. As of the 2020 census , the population of the city was 69. Esbon was laid out in 1873. It was incorporated as a city in 1904. The first post office in Esbon was established in January 1874. Esbon was a shipping point on the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has
112-507: A combined question and a MENA category, while also collecting additional detail to enable data disaggregation. The OMB states, "many federal programs are put into effect based on the race data obtained from the decennial census (i.e., promoting equal employment opportunities; assessing racial disparities in health and environmental risks). Race data is also critical for the basic research behind many policy decisions. States require this data to meet legislative redistricting requirements. The data
168-429: A community is designated a Census-Designated Place (CDP) by the United States Census Bureau . Jewell County is divided into twenty-five townships . None of the cities within the county are considered governmentally independent , and all figures for the townships include those of the cities. In the following table, the population center is the largest city (or cities) included in that township's population total, if it
224-480: A female householder with no husband present, and 35.20% were non-families. 32.40% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.80. In the county, the population was spread out, with 21.90% under the age of 18, 4.40% from 18 to 24, 21.50% from 25 to 44, 26.20% from 45 to 64, and 25.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age
280-470: A female householder with no husband present, and 46.5% were non-families. 45.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 23.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.08 and the average family size was 3.00. In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.0% under the age of 18, 4.7% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 26.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age
336-548: A margin of error of +/- $ 19,320) and the median family income was $ 51,250 (+/- $ 17,899). Approximately, 14.3% of families and 31.1% of the population were below the poverty line , including 50.0% of those under the age of 18 and 26.1% of those ages 65 or over. As of the census of 2010, there were 99 people, 52 households, and 24 families living in the city. The population density was 319.4 inhabitants per square mile (123.3/km). There were 84 housing units at an average density of 271.0 per square mile (104.6/km). The racial makeup of
392-653: A part of Rock Hills USD 107 located in Mankato in 2006 as the district was formed that year by the consolidation of White Rock USD 104 and Mankato USD 278. The Rock Hills High School mascot is Grizzlies. Esbon had an elementary school and high school until 1983. The Esbon High School mascot was Esbon Tigers. The Esbon Tigers won the Kansas State High School boys class B Track & Field championship in 1947. School unification consolidated Esbon and Burr Oak schools forming White Rock schools in 1983. Esbon
448-533: A person's origins considered in the census. Thus, in addition to their race or races, all respondents are categorized by membership in one of two ethnic categories, which are "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino." However, the practice of separating "race" and "ethnicity" as different categories has been criticized both by the American Anthropological Association and members of US Commission on Civil Rights . In 1997,
504-524: A race. Enumerators were instructed that all people born in Mexico, or whose parents were born in Mexico, should be listed as Mexicans, and not under any other racial category. In prior censuses and in 1940, enumerators were instructed to list Mexican Americans as white, perhaps because some of them were of white background (mainly Spanish), many others mixed white and Native American and some of them Native American. The supplemental American Indian questionnaire
560-675: A separate question. The racial categories represent a social-political construct for the race or races that respondents consider themselves to be and, "generally reflect a social definition of race recognized in this country". The OMB defines the concept of race as outlined for the census to be not "scientific or anthropological", and takes into account "social and cultural characteristics as well as ancestry", using "appropriate scientific methodologies" that are not "primarily biological or genetic in reference." The race categories include both racial and national-origin groups. Race and ethnicity are considered separate and distinct identities, with
616-439: A total area of 0.31 square miles (0.80 km), all of it land. The town lies 2.5 miles north of U.S. Route 36 , and 13 miles west of Mankato, the county seat of Jewell County. The 2020 United States census counted 69 people, 44 households, and 25 families in Esbon. The population density was 245.6 per square mile (94.8/km). There were 70 housing units at an average density of 249.1 per square mile (96.2/km). The racial makeup
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#1732791567447672-534: Is from the Indian subcontinent ) were counted as White. There was a questionnaire that was asked of only a sample of respondents. These questions were as follows: Questions on Spanish or Hispanic Origin or Descent Is this person's origin or descent? Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central American Other Spanish No, none of these This year added several options to the race question, including Vietnamese, Indian (East), Guamanian, Samoan, and re-added Aleut. Again,
728-607: Is needed to monitor compliance with the Voting Rights Act by local jurisdictions". Data on ethnic groups are important for putting into effect a number of federal statutes (i.e., enforcing bilingual election rules under the Voting Rights Act and monitoring/enforcing equal employment opportunities under the Civil Rights Act ). Data on ethnic groups is also needed by local governments to run programs and meet legislative requirements (i.e., identifying segments of
784-604: Is of a significant size. White (U.S. Census) In the United States census , the US Census Bureau and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) define a set of self-identified categories of race and ethnicity chosen by residents, with which they most closely identify. Residents can indicate their origins alongside their race, and are asked specifically whether they are of Hispanic or Latino origin in
840-859: The Secretary of State , directed US Marshals to collect data from all 13 original states, and from the Southwest Territory . The census was not conducted in Vermont until 1791, after that state's admission to the Union as the 14th state on March 4 of that year. Some doubt surrounded the numbers, as President George Washington and Thomas Jefferson maintained the population was undercounted. The potential reasons Washington and Jefferson may have thought this could be refusal to participate, poor public transportation and roads, spread-out population, and restraints of current technology. No microdata from
896-618: The Treaty of Fontainebleau . In 1802, Spain returned most of the land to France, but keeping title to about 7,500 square miles. In 1803, most of the land for modern day Kansas was acquired by the United States from France as part of the 828,000 square mile Louisiana Purchase for 2.83 cents per acre . In 1854, the Kansas Territory was organized, then in 1861 Kansas became the 34th U.S. state . In 1887, Jewell County
952-476: The US Constitution and applicable laws. The law required that every household be visited, that completed census schedules be posted in two of the most public places within each jurisdiction, remain for the inspection of all concerned, and that "the aggregate amount of each description of persons" for every district be transmitted to the president . The US Marshals were also responsible for governing
1008-510: The poverty line , including 12.80% of those under age 18 and 10.90% of those age 65 or over. Like all of Kansas outside the eastern cities, Jewell County is overwhelmingly Republican. The only Democratic presidential candidates to win a majority in the county have been Woodrow Wilson in 1916 and William Jennings Bryan in 1896, and the last Democrat to win a plurality was Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932. Since 1940 only Lyndon Johnson in 1964 and Jimmy Carter in 1976 have exceeded 31 percent of
1064-439: The poverty line , including no under eighteens and 16.7% of those over 64. The community has a Roman Catholic church (Sacred Heart), a United Methodist Church, and a Church of Christ. The primary business enterprise of the town is a grain elevator at the north end of Grand Avenue. Farming is the principal occupation in the area around Esbon. The community is served by Rock Hills USD 107 public school district. Esbon became
1120-417: The "Color or Race" question was slightly modified, removing the term "Mulatto". Also, there was an inclusion of an "Indian Population Schedule" in which "enumerators were instructed to use a special expanded questionnaire for American Indians living on reservations or in family groups off of reservations." This expanded version included the question "Fraction of person's lineage that is white." The 1910 census
1176-526: The "Santa Fe". According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 914 square miles (2,370 km ), of which 910 square miles (2,400 km ) is land and 4.6 square miles (12 km ) (0.5%) is water. As of the 2000 census , there were 3,791 people, 1,695 households, and 1,098 families residing in the county. The population density was 4 people per square mile (1.5 people/km ). There were 2,103 housing units at an average density of 2 per square mile (0.77/km ). The racial makeup of
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#17327915674471232-532: The 1790 population census are available, but aggregate data for small areas and their compatible cartographic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System . However, the categories of "Free white males" of 16 years and upward, including heads of families under 16 years, "Free white females", including heads of families, All other free persons, and "Slaves," existed in
1288-414: The 2000 and 2010 censuses. The following questions were asked of a sample of respondents for the 1990 census : The 1990 census was not designed to capture multiple racial responses, and when individuals marked the "other" race option and provided a multiple write-in. The response was assigned according to the race written first. "For example, a write-in of 'black-white' was assigned a code of 'black,' while
1344-467: The OMB built on the 1997 guidelines and suggested the addition of a Middle Eastern or North African (MENA) racial category and considered combining racial and ethnic categories into one question. In March 2024, the Office of Management and Budget published revisions to Statistical Policy Directive No. 15: Standards for Maintaining, Collecting, and Presenting Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity that included
1400-405: The OMB issued a Federal Register notice regarding revisions to the standards for the classification of federal data on race and ethnicity. The OMB developed race and ethnic standards in order to provide "consistent data on race and ethnicity throughout the federal government ". The development of the data standards stem in large measure from new responsibilities to enforce civil rights laws. Among
1456-422: The age of 18; 45.5% were married couples living together; 18.2% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 40.9% of households consisted of individuals and 15.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.3 and the average family size was 2.1. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 10.1% of the population. 10.1% of
1512-418: The census form. In 1800 and 1810, the age question regarding free white males was more detailed with five cohorts and included All other free persons, except "Indians not taxed", and "Slaves". The 1820 census built on the questions asked in 1810 by asking age questions about slaves. Also the term "colored" entered the census nomenclature. In addition, a question stating "Number of foreigners not naturalized"
1568-418: The census. About one-third of the original census data has been lost or destroyed since documentation. The data was lost in 1790–1830, and included data from Connecticut , Delaware , Georgia , Maine , Maryland , Massachusetts , New Hampshire , New Jersey , New York , North Carolina , Pennsylvania , Rhode Island , South Carolina , Vermont , and Virginia . However, the census was proven factual and
1624-483: The changes, The OMB issued the instruction to "mark one or more races" after noting evidence of increasing numbers of mixed-race children and wanting to record diversity in a measurable way after having received requests by people who wanted to be able to acknowledge theirs and their children's full ancestry, rather than identifying with only one group. Prior to this decision, the census and other government data collections asked people to report singular races. As of 2023,
1680-539: The city was 91.9% White , 1.0% African American , 3.0% Native American , and 4.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.0% of the population. There were 52 households, of which 19.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.5% were married couples living together, 1.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 53.8% were non-families. 48.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.2% had someone living alone who
1736-400: The city. The population density was 484.8 inhabitants per square mile (187.2/km). There were 87 housing units at an average density of 285.0 per square mile (110.0/km). The racial makeup of the city was 96.62% White and 3.38% Native American . There were 71 households, out of which 19.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.5% were married couples living together, 7.0% had
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1792-419: The county was 98.79% White , 0.34% Native American , 0.05% Asian , 0.03% Black or African American , 0.03% Pacific Islander , 0.05% from other races, and 0.71% from two or more races . Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.71% of the population. There were 1,695 households , out of which 23.70% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.10% were married couples living together, 4.80% had
1848-700: The county's vote, a devotion to the GOP comparable to famous Appalachia Unionist strongholds like Avery County, North Carolina , or Grant County, West Virginia . Although the Kansas Constitution was amended in 1986 to allow the sale of alcoholic liquor by the individual drink with the approval of voters, Jewell County restaurants serve only 3.2 beer and no hard alcohol. List of townships / incorporated cities / unincorporated communities / extinct former communities within Jewell County. † means
1904-657: The decision and make sure the federal government treated Hispanics as white. The State Department, the Census Bureau, the Labor Department, and other government agencies therefore made sure to uniformly classify people of Mexican descent as white. This policy encouraged the League of United Latin American Citizens in its quest to minimize discrimination by asserting their whiteness. The 1940 census
1960-536: The design of the population questionnaire. Residents were still listed individually, but a new questionnaire sheet was used for each family. Additionally, this was the first year that the census distinguished among different Asian ethnic groups, such as Japanese and Chinese , due to increased immigration. This census also marked the beginning of the term "race" in the questionnaires. Enumerators were instructed to write "White", "Black", "Mulatto", " Quadroon ", "Octoroon", "Chinese", "Japanese", or " Indian ". During 1900,
2016-456: The existence of most of this data can be confirmed in many secondary sources pertaining to the first census. Census data included the name of the head of the family and categorized inhabitants as: free white males at least 16 years of age (to assess the country's industrial and military potential), free white males under 16 years of age, free white females, all other free persons (reported by sex and color), and slaves . Thomas Jefferson , then
2072-487: The free inhabitants schedule about color was a column that was to be left blank if a person were white, marked "B" if a person were black, and marked "M" if a person were mulatto . Slaves were listed by owner, and classified by gender and age, not individually, and the question about color was a column that was to be marked with a "B" if the slave were black and an "M" if mulatto. For 1890, the Census Office changed
2128-463: The line from Neva to Lost Springs was pulled but the right of way has not been abandoned. This branch line was originally called "Strong City and Superior line" but later the name was shortened to the "Strong City line". In 1996, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway merged with Burlington Northern Railroad and renamed to the current BNSF Railway . Most locals still refer to this railroad as
2184-406: The population was under the age of 18, 2.9% from 18 to 24, 15.9% from 25 to 44, 36.2% from 45 to 64, and 34.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 58.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.1 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 121.4 males. The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $ 19,583 (with
2240-618: The population who may not be receiving medical services under the Public Health Service Act ; evaluating whether financial institutions are meeting the credit needs of minority populations under the Community Reinvestment Act ). The 1790 United States census was the first census in the history of the United States. The population of the United States was recorded as 3,929,214 as of Census Day, August 2, 1790, as mandated by Article I, Section 2 of
2296-451: The race of interracial persons. A person with both white and black ancestry (termed "blood") was to be recorded as "Negro", no matter the fraction of that lineage (the " one-drop rule "). A person of mixed black and American Indian ancestry was also to be recorded as "Neg" (for "Negro") unless they were considered to be "predominantly" American Indian and accepted as such within the community. A person with both white and American Indian ancestry
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2352-511: The racial question, and also removed Hindu and Korean from the race choices. The 1960 census re-added the word "color" to the racial question, and changed "Indian" to "American Indian", as well as adding Hawaiian, Part-Hawaiian, Aleut, and Eskimo. The "Other (print out race)" option was removed. This year's census included "Negro or Black", re-added Korean and the Other race option. East Indians (the term used at that time for people whose ancestry
2408-427: The term "color" was removed from the racial question, and the following questions were asked of a sample of respondents: Questions on Spanish or Hispanic Origin or Descent Is this person of Spanish/Hispanic origin or descent? No, not Spanish/Hispanic Yes, Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano Yes, Puerto Rican Yes, Cuban Yes, other Spanish/Hispanic The racial categories in this year are as they appear in
2464-418: Was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.6 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 26,875, and the median income for a family was $ 34,167. Males had a median income of $ 24,688 versus $ 13,125 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 17,438. There were none of the families and 6.7% of the population living below
2520-416: Was 46 years. For every 100 females there were 97.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.00 males. The median income for a household in the county was $ 30,538, and the median income for a family was $ 36,953. Males had a median income of $ 24,821 versus $ 18,170 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 16,644. About 8.40% of families and 11.60% of the population were below
2576-484: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.90 and the average family size was 2.67. The median age in the city was 52.3 years. 19.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 18.2% were from 25 to 44; 28.4% were from 45 to 64; and 30.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 54.5% male and 45.5% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 148 people, 71 households, and 37 families living in
2632-419: Was 92.75% (64) white or European American (92.75% non-Hispanic white ), 0.0% (0) black or African-American , 1.45% (1) Native American or Alaska Native , 1.45% (1) Asian , 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian , 0.0% (0) from other races , and 4.35% (3) from two or more races . Hispanic or Latino of any race was 0.0% (0) of the population. Of the 44 households, 15.9% had children under
2688-443: Was back, but in abbreviated form. It featured a question asking if the person was of full or mixed American Indian ancestry. President Franklin D. Roosevelt promoted a Good Neighbor policy that sought better relations with Mexico. In 1935, a federal judge ruled that three Mexican immigrants were ineligible for citizenship because they were not white, as required by federal law. Mexico protested, and Roosevelt decided to circumvent
2744-573: Was established and named for Lieutenant Colonel Lewis R. Jewell of the 6th Regiment Kansas Volunteer Cavalry . In 1887, Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway built a branch line from Neva (3 miles west of Strong City ) to Superior, Nebraska . This branch line connected Strong City , Neva , Rockland , Diamond Springs , Burdick , Lost Springs , Jacobs , Hope , Navarre , Enterprise , Abilene , Talmage , Manchester , Longford , Oak Hill , Miltonvale , Aurora , Huscher , Concordia , Kackley , Courtland , Webber , Superior . At some point,
2800-529: Was home of White Rock Middle school located at 203 Grand Ave. The White Rock elementary school and high school were located in Burr Oak . White Rock High School's mascot was the Eagles. Jewell County, Kansas Jewell County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas . Its county seat and most populous city is Mankato . As of the 2020 census , the county population was 2,932. The county
2856-423: Was included. In the 1830 census, a new question, which stated, "The number of White persons who were foreigners not naturalized" was included. The 1850 census had a dramatic shift in the way information about residents was collected. For the first time, free persons were listed individually instead of by head of household. Two questionnaires were used - one for free inhabitants and one for slaves. The question on
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#17327915674472912-580: Was named for Lewis Jewell, a lieutenant colonel of the 6th Regiment Kansas Volunteer Cavalry. For many millennia , the Great Plains of North America was inhabited by nomadic Native Americans . From the 16th century to 18th century, the Kingdom of France claimed ownership of large parts of North America . In 1762, after the French and Indian War , France secretly ceded New France to Spain , per
2968-421: Was similar to 1910, but excluded a separate schedule for American Indians. "Hin", "Kor", and "Fil" were also added to the "Color or Race" question, signifying Hindu (Asian Indian), Korean, and Filipino, respectively. The biggest change in this census was in racial classification. Enumerators were instructed to no longer use the "Mulatto" classification. Instead, they were given special instructions for reporting
3024-538: Was similar to that of 1900, but it included a reinsertion of "Mulatto" and a question about the "mother tongue" of foreign-born individuals and individuals with foreign-born parents. "Ot" was also added to signify "other races", with space for a race to be written in. This decade's version of the Indian Population Schedule featured questions asking the individual's proportion of white, black, or American Indian lineage. The 1920 census questionnaire
3080-415: Was the first to include separate population and housing questionnaires. The race category of "Mexican" was eliminated in 1940, and the population of Mexican descent was counted with the white population. 1940 census data was used for Japanese American internment . The Census Bureau's role was denied for decades, but was finally proven in 2007. The 1950 census questionnaire removed the word "color" from
3136-410: Was to be recorded as American Indian, unless their Indigenous ancestry was small, and they were accepted as white within the community. In all situations in which a person had white and some other racial ancestry, they were to be reported as that other race. People who had minority interracial ancestry were to be reported as the race of their father. For the first and only time, "Mexican" was listed as
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