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52-433: The name of this large river system and the community of Escanaba were derived from an Ojibwa (Chippewa) Indian word meaning “flat rock". It is a wide river that cuts into limestone beds. The water has a brown to orange color due to the presence of iron deposits in the surrounding area. The upper river is rocky and scenic and supports brook , brown and some rainbow trout throughout along with warmwater species in

104-531: A Superior Court and Sheriff (as an officer of the court ), both located in a designated "shire town". Bennington County, Vermont has two shire towns; the court for "North Shire" is in the shire town Manchester , and the Sheriff for the county and court for "South Shire" are in the shire town Bennington. In 2024, Connecticut , which had not defined their counties for anything but statistical, historical and weather warning purposes since 1960, along with ending

156-414: A European-American settlement, Escanaba was founded in 1863 as a port town by surveyor Eli P. Royce. Early industry was the processing and harvesting of lumber, dominated in this area by Daniel Wells Jr. , Jefferson Sinclair, and Nelson Ludington . Ludington later moved his headquarters to Chicago, where he also entered banking. I. Stephenson established a successor lumber company in the area and also became

208-614: A capitalist. Before the war, iron ore was being mined from the Marquette Iron Range , which shipped out on barges from Escanaba. By the time of the American Civil War , this port was important to the Union as a shipping point for these ores, in addition to lumber. The Menominee Range and Gogebic Range of Michigan became important for iron ore after the war, in the 1880s. In 1994, Michigan produced about 25% of

260-410: A county seat may be an independent city surrounded by, but not part of, the county of which it is the administrative center; for example, Fairfax City is both the county seat of Fairfax County, Virginia and completely surrounded by Fairfax County, but the city is politically independent of the county. When the county seat is in the independent city, government offices such as the courthouse may be in

312-497: A household in the city was $ 29,125, and the median income for a family was $ 36,995. Males had a median income of $ 32,310 versus $ 21,204 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 17,589. About 10.8% of families and 13.8% of the population were below the poverty line , including 17.7% of those under age 18 and 9.0% of those age 65 or over. Although the Upper Peninsula is part of the state of Michigan, Escanaba and

364-510: A male householder with no wife present, and 45.0% were non-families. Of all households 38.2% were made up of individuals, and 17.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.82. The median age in the city was 41.4 years. 21.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.6% were from 25 to 44; 26.4% were from 45 to 64; and 19.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of

416-555: A sandy bed interspersed with gravel. The Middle branch is fed by waters from various lakes, most notably Brocky Lake, Wolf Lake, Log Lake, and Clear Lake. It also has a number of tributaries such as Bell Creek, West Branch Creek, and Black River. The East Branch and the Middle Branch of the Escanaba converge in the town of Gwinn to form the main stem . The Escanaba River is a popular location for recreational fishing. It

468-612: Is also home to the Delta County Sheriff's Office, which employs ten deputies assigned to road and marine patrol. Additionally, the city is home to the newly constructed $ 17.9 million Correctional Facility with a capacity for 160 inmates. Sheriff: Edward Oswald The Delta County Sheriff's Office participates in the Upper Peninsula Substance Enforcement Team (UPSET) as part of a multi-agency operation to arrest criminals engaged in

520-497: Is also served by low-power translator stations of WNMU translator W296AX from Marquette, MI (at 96.5 FM), WRPP translator W254AG from Sturgeon Bay, WI (at 98.7 FM), and WHWL translator W261AI from Marquette, MI (at 100.1 FM). WJMN-TV , the local MyNetworkTV television station on channel 3, formerly operated as a satellite of CBS affiliate WFRV in Green Bay. Radio and television signals originating from Door County, WI across

572-454: Is home to such fish as brook trout, brown trout, rainbow trout, Northern pike, bass, yellow perch, panfish, smelt, and walleye. Wide stretches of the East and Big West Branches are especially good for fly fishing , though bait fishing is also popular here and on the main river. Canoeing and boating are popular on the main river as well as portions of the larger branches. The Big West Branch, from

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624-793: Is home to the William Bonifas Fine Arts Center, The Waterfront Art Festival, The Players de Noc, The Bay de Noc Choral Society, the Escanaba City Band, and many smaller arts organizations, art galleries, and musical performing groups. Escanaba is located in US Congressional District 1 represented by Jack Bergman (R-2017) . The city is in Michigan's 108th State House District and 38th State Senate District, represented by Beau LaFave (R-2017) and Ed McBroom (R-2019) , respectively. As

676-484: Is in use in five countries: Canada , China , Hungary , Romania , and the United States . An equivalent term, shire town , is used in the U.S. state of Vermont and in several other English-speaking jurisdictions, such as Venezuela . In Canada , the provinces of Ontario , Quebec , New Brunswick , Prince Edward Island , and Nova Scotia have counties as an administrative division of government below

728-409: Is known as the seat of its county. Generally, the county legislature, county courthouse, sheriff's department headquarters, hall of records, jail and correctional facility are located in the county seat, though some functions (such as highway maintenance, which usually requires a large garage for vehicles, along with asphalt and salt storage facilities) may also be located or conducted in other parts of

780-463: Is water. This climatic region is classified as humid continental climate , abbreviated "Dfb", according to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification . It is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. Escanaba is described as being in the banana belt of Michigan's Upper Peninsula. While most of

832-797: The Duluth Missabe & Iron Range railroad in Escanaba. The C&NW would acquire the CMSP&;P 's trackage in Escanaba and Wells . With the creation of the Wisconsin Central railroad, most of the lines in Escanaba were unified in a single operation with the exception of the DMIR and the E&;LS . In 2004, when CN controlled the WC , the DMIR sold to Canadian National. As of April 2021, just

884-603: The E&;LS and CN remain. CN owns the last two yards in Escanaba, being the Gladstone Yard, and the Escanaba Ore Docks. The 2001 comedy film Escanaba in da Moonlight is set in Escanaba. The film is known for prominently using Upper Peninsula language and slang. County seat A county seat is an administrative center, seat of government , or capital city of a county or civil parish . The term

936-510: The East branch, West branch, and Middle branch. The East branch is located in Marquette County and has a length of 13 miles, flowing through Michigamme State Forest and Escanaba River State Forest . The riverbed here is sandy rather than rocky. Warner Creek, Schweitzer Creek, and an outlet of Goose Lake contribute to the East branch's flow. The 29-mile-long West branch flows through Dickinson County and Marquette County and joins

988-947: The United States, followed by Towson , the county seat of Baltimore County, Maryland . Likewise, some county seats may not be incorporated in their own right, but are located within incorporated municipalities. For example, Cape May Court House, New Jersey , though unincorporated, is a section of Middle Township , an incorporated municipality. In some states, often those that were among the original Thirteen Colonies , county seats include or formerly included "Court House" as part of their name, such as Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia . Most counties have only one county seat. However, some counties in Alabama , Arkansas , Georgia , Iowa , Kentucky , Massachusetts , Mississippi , Missouri , New Hampshire , New York , and Vermont have two or more county seats, usually located on opposite sides of

1040-608: The bay are also generally easily received in the Escanaba area as well. During the solar eclipse of January 24, 1925, Chicago radio station WJAZ, which had been broadcasting from a "motor truck" mounted portable transmitter, was transported to Escanaba, Michigan, to document the effects of the dimming sun on radio transmissions. Escanaba's Harbor Tower, an 18-story apartment building, is the tallest building in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. The Escanaba area has been serviced by several railroads. The former Chicago & Northwestern Railroad connected Green Bay to their main system around

1092-575: The city was 47.1% male and 52.9% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 13,140 people, 5,800 households, and 3,294 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,038.3 inhabitants per square mile (400.9/km ). There were 6,258 housing units at an average density of 494.5 per square mile (190.9/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 95.66% White , 0.11% African American , 2.61% Native American , 0.33% Asian , 0.02% Pacific Islander , 0.18% from other races , and 1.09% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.66% of

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1144-420: The city was 93.5% White , 0.4% African American , 2.6% Native American , 0.6% Asian , 0.3% from other races , and 2.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.2% of the population. There were 5,622 households, of which 26.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.8% were married couples living together, 13.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.6% had

1196-623: The city. The names are derived from the Ojibwa language . Escanaba was the name of an Ojibwa village in this area in the early 19th century. The Ojibwa are one of the Anishinaabe , Algonquian-speaking tribes who settled and flourished around the Great Lakes. The word "Escanaba" roughly translates from Ojibwe and other regional Algonquian languages to "land of the red buck", although some people maintain that it refers to "flat rock". As

1248-687: The convergence of the North and West branches to the Delta County line, is mostly wide and smooth, ideal for a canoe trip. Dams on the river's branches require caution, however. The river flows through Escanaba State Forest, which is a scenic location for camping and sightseeing. There are five dams on the Escanaba River which generate electricity. Four belong to the Escanaba River Hydroelectric Project, with

1300-526: The counties after his unification, there were about 1,000. Under the Eastern Han dynasty , the number of counties increased to above 1,000. About 1400 existed when the Sui dynasty abolished the commandery level (郡 jùn), which was the level just above counties, and demoted some commanderies to counties. In Imperial China, the county was a significant administrative unit because it marked the lowest level of

1352-418: The county, especially if it is geographically large. A county seat is usually an incorporated municipality . The exceptions include the county seats of counties that have no incorporated municipalities within their borders, such as Arlington County, Virginia , where the county seat is the entire county. Ellicott City , the county seat of Howard County, Maryland , is the largest unincorporated county seat in

1404-420: The county. Examples include Harrison County, Mississippi , which has both Biloxi and Gulfport as county seats, and Hinds County, Mississippi , which has both Raymond and the state capital of Jackson . The practice of multiple county seat towns dates from the days when travel was difficult. There have been few efforts to eliminate the two-seat arrangement, since a county seat is a source of civic pride for

1456-795: The first dam being built in 1907 and the second in 1910. The fourth dam, the Boney Falls Impoundment, was built in 1920 by the Mead Corporation to power the company's paper mill . The fifth dam is the Cataract Hydroelectric Project, located on the Middle branch Escanaba River in Marquette County, near the community of Gwinn. The Cataract dam was constructed in 1929 and purchased by UP Hydro, LLC in 2011. In his poem The Song of Hiawatha , Henry Wadsworth Longfellow describes how Hiawatha "crossed

1508-541: The harbor area. The United States Lighthouse Service approved construction of the Sand Point Lighthouse at a cost of $ 11,000. Construction began in the fall of 1867 and was completed in early spring 1868. Until 2017, Escanaba continued to be an important shipping point for iron ore to other Great Lakes ports, especially south to Chicago and northern Indiana. The local paper mill, for many years owned by Mead Corporation 's Publishing Paper Division,

1560-424: The imperial bureaucratic structure; in other words, it was the lowest level that the government reached. Government below the county level was often undertaken through informal non-bureaucratic means, varying between dynasties. The head of a county was the magistrate , who oversaw both the day-to-day operations of the county as well as civil and criminal cases. The current number of counties mostly resembled that of

1612-727: The impoundments. The main Escanaba River is known for its pools and rapids. From the Delta County line, the river runs south to its mouth on Lake Michigan at 45°46′37″N 87°03′30″W  /  45.77694°N 87.05833°W  / 45.77694; -87.05833 , near the city of Escanaba . The Escanaba River watershed is one of the largest watersheds in Michigan's Upper Peninsula totaling 924 square miles and has 508 miles of streams that flow year-round. This watershed starts in west central Marquette County , north of Lake Michigan, and flows southeast to Lake Michigan at Little Bay de Noc . The Escanaba River has three major branches:

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1664-585: The increase of Han Chinese population in Taiwan, the number of counties also grew by time. By the end of Qing era, there were 11 counties in Taiwan. Protestant missionaries in China first romanized the term as hien . When Taiwan became a Japanese colony in 1895, the hierarchy of divisions also incorporated into the Japanese system in the period when Taiwan was under Japanese rule. By September 1945, Taiwan

1716-625: The independent city under an agreement, such as in Albemarle , or may in be enclaves of the county surrounded by the independent city, such as in Fairfax . Others, such as Prince William , have the courthouse in an enclave surrounded by the independent city and have the county government, the Board of Supervisors, in a different part of the county, far from the county seat. The following counties have their county seat in an independent city: Bedford

1768-556: The iron ore nationally. Initially lumber was still integral to shipbuilding, and supported the construction of houses in cities throughout the developing Midwest. Iron ore supported industrialization, and became part of steel and other industries in the Midwest. As shipping increased, a lighthouse was needed to warn of a sand shoals in Little Bay de Noc, which extended from Sand Point, a sandspit located just south of and adjacent to

1820-758: The later years of the Qing dynasty . Changes of location and names of counties in Chinese history have been a major field of research in Chinese historical geography, especially from the 1960s to the 1980s. There are 1,355 counties in Mainland China out of a total of 2,851 county-level divisions. In Taiwan , the first counties were first established in 1661 by the Kingdom of Tungning . The later ruler Qing empire inherited this type of administrative divisions. With

1872-568: The main portion of the Escanaba River between Boney Falls and Gwinn, Michigan. Its tributaries include Flatrock Creek, Whiskey Creek, Wildwest Creek, and McGregor Creek, all of which join Schwartz creek before connecting to the West branch itself. The smaller North branch joins the West branch to form the Big West branch, whose main tributaries are Chandler Brook and Gleason Creek. The West branch has

1924-534: The most populous area in Delta County , Escanaba's four precincts span three of Delta County's five Districts: Precinct 3 The Escanaba City Council consists of five council members who are elected to four-year terms. A Mayor, and a Mayor Pro-Tem are selected by the council members at the first regular meeting following the election. Escanaba established its own Department of Public Safety in 1975, which provides police and firefighting services to city residents. Director of Public Safety: Robert LaMarche Escanaba

1976-444: The peninsula is affected by significant lake-effect snow , Escanaba's winter climate is much milder due to its location on the windward Lake Michigan shoreline. As of the census of 2010, there were 12,616 people, 5,622 households, and 3,090 families residing in the city. The population density was 979.5/sq mi (378.2/km ). There were 6,178 housing units at an average density of 479.7/sq mi (185.2/km ). The racial makeup of

2028-490: The population. 17.0% were of German , 16.5% French , 11.4% French Canadian , 8.8% Swedish , 6.4% Irish and 5.2% English ancestry, according to Census 2000 . There were 5,800 households, out of which 26.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.2% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.2% were non-families. Of all households 37.0% were made up of individuals, and 18.1% had someone living alone who

2080-775: The provincial level, and thus county seats. In the provinces of Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia the term "shire town" is used in place of county seat. County seats in China are the administrative centers of the counties in the People's Republic of China . Xian have existed since the Warring States period and were set up nationwide by the Qin dynasty . The number of counties in China proper gradually increased from dynasty to dynasty. As Qin Shi Huang reorganized

2132-762: The public schools in Escanaba, which includes various elementary schools, the middle school, and the high school . There is also a private school, Holy Name Catholic School, which teaches pre-school children all the way up to eighth grade. Bay College , a public 2-year college, was founded in the city in 1962. It offers various two year degrees and certificate programs ranging from welding, public safety, business, nursing, among others. Local radio stations include KMB Broadcasting's WDBC 680 AM ( adult standards ) and WYKX 104.7 FM ( country music ), Lakes Radio's WCHT 600 AM (news/ talk ), WGLQ 97.1 FM ( adult top 40 ), WCMM 102.5 FM (country), and WGKL 105.5 FM ( oldies ), and standalone WUPF 107.3 FM ( classic hits ). Escanaba

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2184-503: The rushing Esconaba". John D. Voelker , writing as Robert Traver, authored fishing stories set on the Escanaba in Trout Madness . Escanaba, Michigan Escanaba ( / ˌ ɛ s k ə ˈ n ɑː b ə / ES -kə- NAH -bə ), commonly shortened to Esky , is a port city and the county seat of Delta County in the U.S. state of Michigan , located on Little Bay de Noc in the state's Upper Peninsula . The population

2236-598: The same time that they built their mainline to Escanaba. The CMSP&P otherwise known as the Milwaukee Road connected Escanaba to their system shortly thereafter. In 1898, the Escanaba & Lake Superior owned by Issac Stephenson constructed a line from its connection to the Milwaukee Road . Both the C&;NW and the CMSP&P ran passenger service to the Escanaba area as well. The C&NW also connected to

2288-777: The state's area, has no borough government or borough seat. One borough, the Lake and Peninsula Borough , has its borough seat located in another borough, namely King Salmon in Bristol Bay Borough . In Louisiana , which is divided into parishes rather than counties, county seats are referred to as "parish seats". In New England , counties have served mainly as dividing lines for the states' judicial systems. Rhode Island has no county level of government and thus no county seats, and Massachusetts has dissolved many but not all of its county governments. In Vermont , Massachusetts , and Maine county government consists only of

2340-416: The towns involved, along with providing employment opportunities. There are 33 counties with multiple county seats in 11 states: Alaska is divided into boroughs rather than counties; the county seat in these case is referred to as the "borough seat"; this includes six consolidated city-borough governments (one of which is styled as a "municipality"). The Unorganized Borough, Alaska , which covers 49% of

2392-624: The use of county seats in particular, will fully transition with the permission of the United States Census Bureau to a system of councils of government for the purposes of boundary definition and as county equivalents. Two counties in South Dakota , Oglala Lakota and Todd , have their county seat and government services centered in a neighboring county. Their county-level services are provided by Fall River County and Tripp County , respectively. In Virginia ,

2444-411: The use, sale, and distribution of drugs throughout Michigan's Upper Peninsula. The Delta County Courthouse serves all of Delta County. The courthouse includes the 47th Circuit Court , the 94th District Court , and Probate Court . In 2003, the school board opted to completely renovate the historic 1930s junior high school, rather than move it outside of town. Escanaba Area Public Schools operate

2496-539: The western Upper Peninsula sometimes have closer cultural ties to the state of Wisconsin . Pasties are a significant tourist attraction. Many ethnic groups adopted the pasty for use in the Copper Country copper mines; the Finnish immigrants within the region mistook it for the traditional piiraat and kuuko pastries. The pasty has become strongly associated with all cultures in this area. Escanaba

2548-538: Was 12,450 at the 2020 census , making it the third-largest city in the Upper Peninsula after Marquette and Sault Ste. Marie . There is also Escanaba Township , which is north of the city and is not adjacent to it, although a portion of the urban area around the city extends into the township. Both are named for the Escanaba River , which flows into the Little Bay de Noc of Lake Michigan just north of

2600-449: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.19 and the average family size was 2.88. In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.5% under the age of 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24, 25.1% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 21.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.3 males. The median income for

2652-573: Was divided into 8 prefectures ( 州 and 廳 ), which remained after the Republic of China took over. There are 13 county seats in Taiwan, which function as county-administered cities , urban townships , or rural townships . In most of the United States , a county is an administrative or political subdivision of a state that consists of a geographic area with specific boundaries and usually some level of governmental authority. The city, town, or populated place that houses county government

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2704-485: Was operated by the Verso Corporation until 2022 when it was sold to Billerud . Located on the outskirts of the city alongside the Escanaba River, in 2018 the mill was Escanaba's largest employer. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 16.50 sq mi (42.73 km ), of which 12.88 sq mi (33.36 km ) is land and 3.62 sq mi (9.38 km )

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