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28-536: Eton Rural District was a rural district in the administrative county of Buckinghamshire , England , covering an area in the south-east of the county. It was named after but did not contain Eton , which was an urban district . The district had its origins in the Eton Poor Law Union , which had been created in 1835, covering Eton itself and several surrounding parishes. Despite being named after Eton,

56-648: A medical officer, but other powers were generally permissive rather than compulsory. Three years later the Public Health Act 1875 ( 38 & 39 Vict. c. 55) substantially broadened the scope of powers and expectations on sanitary authorities. Urban sanitary districts were formed in any municipal borough governed under the Municipal Corporations Act 1835 , in any improvement commissioners district formed by private act of Parliament, and in any local government district formed under

84-571: A more rounded shape and had a small town or village as the administrative centre. A few rural districts consisted of only one parish (for example, Tintwistle Rural District , Alston with Garrigill Rural District , South Mimms Rural District , King's Lynn Rural District , Disley Rural District and Crowland Rural District ). In such districts there was no separate parish council, and the rural district council exercised its functions. All rural districts in England and Wales were abolished in 1974 (by

112-603: The Irish Free State , creating a single rural sanitary district for the non-urban portion of each county, called the "county health district". The Local Government (Amendment) (No. 2) Act, 1934 allowed this district to be split on request of the county council; this happened only in County Cork , the largest county, which was split into three health districts. Sanitary districts were not formed in Scotland. By

140-555: The Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 , by urban and rural districts . Unlike rural sanitary districts, rural districts could not cross county boundaries: so for instance, Ballyshannon rural sanitary district was split into Ballyshannon No. 1, Ballyshannon No. 2 and Ballyshannon No. 3 rural districts in Counties Donegal, Fermanagh and Leitrim respectively. The Local Government Act 1925 abolished rural districts in

168-681: The Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 . They were subdivided into district electoral divisions . In 1921, Ireland was partitioned with Northern Ireland remaining within the United Kingdom, and the rest of the country leaving as the Irish Free State in 1922. In the Irish Free State, rural districts outside of County Dublin were abolished in 1925 under the Local Government Act 1925 amid widespread accusations of corruption . Their functions were transferred to

196-574: The Local Government Act 1972 ) and were typically merged with nearby urban districts or boroughs to form " districts ", which included both urban and rural areas. See Rural districts formed in England and Wales 1894–1974 for the districts created in 1894; List of rural and urban districts in England , and List of rural and urban districts in Wales for a list of rural districts at abolition in 1974. Rural districts were created in Ireland in 1899 under

224-453: The Public Health Act 1848 ( 11 & 12 Vict. c. 63) or Local Government Act 1858 . The existing governing body of the town (municipal corporation, improvement commissioners or local board of health) was designated as the urban sanitary authority . When sanitary districts were formed there were approximately 225 boroughs, 575 local government districts and 50 improvement commissioners districts designated as urban sanitary districts. Over

252-408: The administrative counties . In England and Wales rural districts were created in 1894 by the Local Government Act 1894 ( 56 & 57 Vict. c. 73) along with urban districts . They replaced the earlier system of sanitary districts (themselves based on poor law unions , but not replacing them). Each rural district had an elected rural district council (RDC), which inherited the functions of

280-462: The board of guardians chose to build the workhouse for the union in Slough , with the building being completed in 1836 on Upton Lane (later renamed Albert Street). In 1872 sanitary districts were established, giving public health and local government responsibilities for rural areas to the existing boards of guardians of poor law unions. The Eton Rural Sanitary District therefore covered the area of

308-635: The 1930s. The Local Government Act 1972 made district councils, London borough councils, the City of London Corporation , and Inner Temple and Middle Temple sanitary authorities. A system of sanitary districts was established in Ireland by the Public Health (Ireland) Act 1878 , modelled on that in England and Wales. Urban sanitary districts were established in the following categories of towns: The existing corporation or commissioners became

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336-443: The areas of urban sanitary districts. Any subsequent change in the area of the union also changed the sanitary district. At the time of abolition in 1894, there were 572 rural sanitary districts. The rural sanitary authority consisted of the existing poor law guardians for the rural parishes involved. The Local Government Act 1894 ( 56 & 57 Vict. c. 73) brought an end to sanitary districts in England and Wales. In boroughs,

364-551: The corporation was already the sanitary authority. All other urban sanitary districts were renamed as urban districts , governed by an urban district council. Rural sanitary districts were replaced by rural districts , for the first time with a directly elected council. It was a requirement that whenever possible a rural district should be within a single administrative county , which led to many districts being split into smaller areas along county lines. A few rural districts with parishes in two or three different counties persisted until

392-422: The council extended Denmark House, building a linking section attaching it to the neighbouring house called Abbeyfield (in between Denmark House and Apsley House), which was incorporated into the offices. The extended Denmark House then became the council's combined offices and meeting place. Apsley House was subsequently demolished around 1970 to make way for a new police station and magistrates court. The district

420-460: The council moved to Denham. Denmark House was then demolished to make way for a residential development called Aspects Court. Rural district A rural district was a type of local government area – now superseded – established at the end of the 19th century in England , Wales , and Ireland for the administration of predominantly rural areas at a level lower than that of

448-550: The county councils The remaining rural districts in County Dublin were similarly abolished in 1930 by the Local Government (Dublin) Act 1930 . The former boundaries of the rural districts in the Republic of Ireland continue to be used for statistical purposes and defining constituencies. In Northern Ireland, rural districts continued to exist until 1973 when they were abolished (along with all other local government of

476-516: The earlier sanitary districts, but also had wider authority over matters such as local planning, council housing , and playgrounds and cemeteries. Matters such as education and major roads were the responsibility of county councils . Until 1930 the rural district councillors were also poor law guardians for the unions of which they formed part. Each parish was represented by one or more councillors. Originally there were 787 rural districts in England and Wales, as they were based directly upon

504-421: The next nineteen years the number changed: more urban sanitary districts were formed as towns adopted legislation forming local boards and as additional boroughs were incorporated; over the same period numerous urban sanitary districts were absorbed into expanding boroughs. Rural sanitary districts were formed in all areas without a town government. They followed the boundaries of existing poor law unions , less

532-448: The number of districts had been reduced to 473. The typical shape of a rural district was a doughnut-shaped ring around a town (which would be either an urban district or a municipal borough ). A good example of this is Melton and Belvoir Rural District , which surrounded the town of Melton Mowbray . Some rural districts were fragmented, consisting of a number of detached parts , such as Wigan Rural District . Some rural districts had

560-487: The offices of the solicitor who acted as clerk to the council. In 1928 the council purchased a large detached Victorian house called Denmark House on Windsor Road, Slough, at the corner with Chalvey Road. Denmark House was converted to become the council's main offices. At the same time, the firm of solicitors where the council's clerk was based moved to Apsley House, two doors along Windsor Road from Denmark House, and some council departments were based at Apsley House. In 1954

588-753: The old pattern) and replaced with a system of unitary districts . Rural districts also existed in the Canadian province of Newfoundland to govern certain rural communities. Under Newfoundland's Local Government Act , rural districts and towns together formed the province's municipalities. Under the Municipalities Act , effective April 1, 1980, rural districts where abolished and automatically turned into towns. Sanitary district Sanitary districts were established in England and Wales in 1872 and in Ireland in 1878. The districts were of two types, based on existing structures: Each district

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616-435: The poor law union except for Eton itself and Slough, which both had local boards of health and so formed their own urban sanitary districts. The Eton Rural Sanitary District was administered from Eton Union Workhouse on Albert Street, Slough. Under the Local Government Act 1894 , rural sanitary districts became rural districts from 28 December 1894. The Eton Rural District Council held its first meeting on 8 January 1895 at

644-485: The sanitary districts and poor law unions which had preceded them. Gradual urbanisation over the following decades led to some rural districts being redefined as urban districts or merging with existing urban districts or boroughs. Other rural districts proved to be too small or poor to be viable, and under the Local Government Act 1929 , 236 rural districts were abolished and merged or amalgamated into larger units. Further mergers took place over following decades and by 1965

672-423: The urban sanitary authority. The Local Government Board for Ireland , created by the same act, could designate other towns with commissioners as urban sanitary districts. Rural sanitary districts were formed in the same way as those in England and Wales, from the poor law unions with the boards of guardians as the rural sanitary authorities. The urban and rural sanitary districts were superseded in 1899, under

700-649: The workhouse in Slough. George Shippen Willes was appointed the first chairman of the council. It included the parishes of: Until the Second World War , the council continued to meet at the Union Workhouse in Slough, which was later renamed the Albert House public assistance institution in 1930 and subsequently became Upton Hospital in 1948. Administrative functions were generally carried out at

728-571: Was abolished on 1 April 1974. It was partitioned between Windsor and Maidenhead in Berkshire (Datchet, Horton and Wraysbury parishes) and Beaconsfield district in Buckinghamshire , with a small part of Burnham and Wexham parishes going to Slough . Beaconsfield District Council (which was renamed South Bucks District Council in 1980) used the former Eton Rural District Council's offices at Denmark House as its headquarters until 2004, when

756-612: Was carried out in Ireland in 1899 by the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 . Sanitary districts were formed under the terms of the Public Health Act 1872 ( 35 & 36 Vict. c. 79). Instead of creating new bodies, existing authorities were given additional responsibilities. The sanitary districts were created on 10 August 1872, when the act received royal assent , and the existing authorities were able to exercise their new powers from their first meeting after that date. The powers and responsibilities initially given to sanitary authorities in 1872 were relatively limited. They had to appoint

784-414: Was governed by a sanitary authority and was responsible for various public health matters such as providing clean drinking water, sewers, street cleaning, and clearing slum housing. In England and Wales, both rural and urban sanitary districts were replaced in 1894 by the Local Government Act 1894 ( 56 & 57 Vict. c. 73) by the more general rural districts and urban districts . A similar reform

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