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70-581: 120 industrial innovation stakeholders are currently active under the EBA alliance in partnership with participant EU states and the European Investment Bank . This entails growth and investment potential of the battery sector across Europe and beyond. The action plan adopted focuses on innovating and developing a sustainable and competitive battery 'ecosystem' within Europe. The primary objective

140-505: A large role in providing finance during crises including the 2008 financial crash and the COVID-19 pandemic. Over 60 years since its inception in 1958 to 2018 the EIB has invested over 1.1 trillion euros. It primarily funds projects that "cannot be entirely financed by the various means available in the individual Member States". The EIB is one of the biggest financiers of green finance in

210-479: A lasting peace. The original idea was conceived by Jean Monnet , a senior French civil servant and it was announced by Robert Schuman , the French Foreign Minister, in a declaration on 9 May 1950. The aim was to pool Franco-West German coal and steel production, because the two raw materials were the basis of the industry (including war industry) and power of the two countries. The proposed plan

280-502: A portion of possible losses from a portfolio of loans and sets the ground for additional financing. A guarantee is a legal contract with which a third party (guarantor) promises to assume a borrower's debt or other liabilities in the event of default . The European Investment Bank's advisory services are carried out by the European Advisory Hub and are available for public and private projects inside as well as outside

350-518: A project's overall cost, for the public and the private sector, and for small and medium-sized businesses through intermediated lending partners. The EIB's private sector financing of single large investment projects or investment programmes start from €25 million. It offers framework loans starting from €100 million to public sector entities for investment programmes that consist of a number of smaller projects. Loans for both private and public sector projects have to be aligned with one or more priorities of

420-516: A result of the energy crises, the Common Assembly proposed extending the powers of the ECSC to cover other sources of energy. However, Monnet desired a separate Community to cover nuclear power , and Louis Armand was put in charge of a study into the prospects of nuclear energy use in Europe. The report concluded that further nuclear development was needed, in order to fill the deficit left by

490-696: A trillion euros. The European Investment Fund (EIF) is the European Union's venture capital arm. It also provides guarantees for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In 2018, 25 million SMEs in the EU made up 99.8% of all non-financial enterprises, employed around 97.7 million people (66.6% of total employment) and generated 56.4% of total added value (EUR 4,357bn). The EIF supports businesses through all their stages of development; pre-seed, seed-, and start-up-phase (technology transfer, business angel financing, microfinance, early stage venture capital) to

560-620: A wide network of commercial Banks, national Banks and institutions, leasing companies, venture capital and private equity funds, angel investors and various providers. Within the European Commission's Investment Plan for Europe , the EIB Group and the European Investment Fund for Strategic Investments are part of a plan aimed at relieving investors of some of the risks inherent in projects. Project financing

630-527: A €25 billion fund which was endorsed by the European Council as part of the overall European Union COVID-19 response package . All 27 EU Member States were invited to contribute to the fund in the form of guarantees proportional to the respective share in the bank. Using the EGF, the EIB group 'aimed to mobilise' up to €200 billion of additional financing for small and medium-sized European businesses from

700-568: Is a not for profit organisation and provides long-term project funding, guarantees and advice to further the goals of the European Union. It is part of the European Commission's Investment Plan for Europe strategy which aims to bridge investment gaps by taking on some of the risk in projects it funds. The bank funds projects in the areas of; climate, environment, innovation and skills, infrastructure, small and medium-sized enterprises, cohesion and development as well as crises including

770-518: Is aiming for strategic autonomy on critical raw materials. It is modelled on the European Battery Alliance and focuses on metals and rare earths which are used to build magnets for batteries and all kinds of electric and electronic devices. Part of its objectives is to allow the EU to become "almost" self-sufficient on lithium for batteries by 2025. European Investment Bank The European Investment Bank (EIB)

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840-575: Is granted after preliminary screenings of the viability and the carbon emissions associated with the projects. The European Investment Bank has provided financial resources for both economic impacts of the pandemic and for health-related emergencies, the search for a vaccine against COVID-19, and solutions to slow the spread of the virus. On 26 May 2020, the EIB Board of Directors approved the Pan-European Guarantee Fund (EGF),

910-451: Is limited. Through intermediaries, the EIB finances micro-enterprises (0–9 employees), small enterprises (10–49 employees), medium-sized enterprises (50–249 employees), mid-caps (250-3 000 employees). In 2019 the EIB Group provided €25.52 billion in loans and other services to 386,600 SMEs and mid-caps which employ 4.4 million. As a supranational institution, the EIB focuses on economic, social and territorial cohesion and solidarity within

980-834: Is part of InnovFin, the EU Finance for Innovators, a joint initiative of the EIB Group in cooperation with the European Commission under Horizon 2020 ). Through it the EIB Group provides direct financing to mid-caps . The group also offers venture debt financing under the European Growth Finance Facility, backed by the European Fund for Strategic Investments . The EIB Group works with a broad network of commercial Banks, national promotional Banks and institutions, leasing companies, venture capital and private equity funds, angel investors and service providers, including in regions where access to finance

1050-549: Is rated triple-A, the most credit-worthy rating on the bond market, by "the Big Three" credit rating agencies: Moody's, Standard and Poor's, and Fitch. Each member state pays capital into the EIB's reserves which is broadly in line with their share of EU gross domestic product. The EIB was founded by the Treaty of Rome , which came into force on 1 January 1958. It was the first of the world's regional development banks and

1120-783: Is sometimes referred to as the largest multilateral development bank (MDB). The EIB was established to facilitate equitable development in the EU through lending to regions that are less developed and to support the EU's internal market. The EIB is active in 140 countries throughout the world. It makes around 10% of its investments outside the EU to support the European Union's development aid and cooperation policies. The EIB has been criticised and caused controversy for various actions and inactions of its own (or projects it funded), including: insufficient stakeholder consultation, lack of organisational transparency, climate change response, defense and promotion of vegetarian and vegan values, tax avoidance, and staff harassment. The European Investment Bank

1190-544: Is the European Union 's investment bank and is owned by the 27 member states. It is the largest multilateral financial institution in the world. The EIB finances and invests both through equity and debt solutions companies and projects that achieve the policy aims of the European Union through loans, equity and guarantees. The EIB focuses on the areas of climate, environment, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), development, cohesion and infrastructure. It has played

1260-771: Is the European Union's bank and is owned by the Member States of the European Union. Its role is to fund projects that achieve the aims of the European Union. Most of the EIB's activity (90%) takes place inside the European Union with the aim of fostering European integration and development. It makes investments outside Europe to support the EU's development aid and cooperation policies. It is active in 140 countries which are grouped into: Enlargement countries, European Free Trade Association (EFTA) , EU Southern Neighbourhood, EU Eastern Neighbourhood, Sub-Saharan Africa , Caribbean and Pacific, Asia and Latin America, Central Asia and

1330-452: Is the process of improving a company's creditworthiness by taking internal and external measures. The EIB increases the protection of the senior debt, enhances the credit rating and credit quality for project finance and aims to help projects attract further private finance from institutional investors. By offering guarantees to small and medium-sized enterprises or mid-caps , the Bank covers

1400-544: Is to create a manufacturing value chain with sustainable battery cells at its core in order to avoid a technological dependence from 3rd parties. According to analysts, by 2025, Europe could capture a €250 billion market. EU wide demand is forecast to demand 10 to 20 large-scale battery cell production facilities. The first planned plant, called the "Automotive Cell Co.", will be stationed at a Groupe PSA ’s site in Kaiserslautern . Saft Groupe S.A. will be taking part in

1470-581: The BBC 's Today radio programme reported that delays in printing the treaty meant that the document signed by the European leaders as the Treaty of Rome consisted of blank pages between its frontispiece and page for the signatures. Major anniversaries of the signing of the Treaty of Rome have been commemorated in numerous ways. Commemorative coins have been struck by numerous European countries, notably at

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1540-578: The COVID-19 pandemic and the financial crisis of 2007–2008 . Since 1959 the European Investment Bank has signed almost 25,000 projects around the world. It funds projects both inside and outside the EU that meet one of the criteria of; in less developed regions, where projects can not be funded by individual member states and projects which benefit multiple member states. The bank aims to support sustainable economic growth both within

1610-1058: The European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD), the European Social Fund Plus (ESF+), the European Maritime, Fisheries and Aquaculture Fund (EMFAF), and the Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund (AMIF). Apart from financing projects using its own resources, the European Investment Bank establishes mandates and partnerships which help to fund riskier projects and to blend loans with grants ; which are disbursed funds or products that do not require repayment. Mandates can also involve financial investment and can be based on technical and financial advice. The EIB has partnerships with organisations across

1680-608: The Messina Conference of 1955, Paul-Henri Spaak was appointed as chairman of a preparatory committee, the Spaak Committee , charged with the preparation of a report on the creation of a common European market. Both the Spaak report and the Treaty of Rome were drafted by Pierre Uri , a close collaborator of Monnet. The Spaak Report drawn up by the Spaak Committee provided the basis for further progress and

1750-602: The Netherlands and West Germany , and it came into force on 1 January 1958. Originally the "Treaty establishing the European Economic Community", and now continuing under the name " Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union ", it remains one of the two most important treaties in what is now the European Union (EU). The treaty proposed the progressive reduction of customs duties and

1820-578: The 30th and 50th anniversaries (1987 and 2007 respectively). In 2007, celebrations culminated in Berlin with the Berlin declaration preparing the Lisbon Treaty . In 2017, Rome was the centre of multiple official and popular celebrations. Street demonstrations were largely in favour of European unity and integration, according to several news sources. According to the historian Tony Judt ,

1890-399: The Bank offers Green Bonds and Sustainability Awareness Bonds. The European Investment Bank issued the first Green Bond in 2007, called a Climate Awareness Bond. The EIB is the global leader of Green Bonds issuance with over EUR 30.8bn raised in 2020 across 16 currencies. With the money raised through Green Bonds, the EIB exclusively supports projects that contribute to climate action in

1960-655: The COVID-19 pandemic It also expanded its partnership with the United Nations Development Programme and increased cooperation with the Association of European Development Finance Institutions to assist impacted businesses in developing countries, providing financing for €280 million partnered with the World Health Organization to finance health care projects in 10 African countries. Since its foundation in 1958,

2030-614: The ECSC, as they would the European Court of Justice . However, they would not share the ECSC's Council or High Authority. The two new High Authorities would be called Commissions , from a reduction in their powers. France was reluctant to agree to more supranational powers; hence, the new Commissions would have only basic powers, and important decisions would have to be approved by the Council (of national Ministers), which now adopted majority voting. Euratom fostered co-operation in

2100-579: The EIB Group invested €36.2 billion in cohesion-related initiatives. Treaty of Rome The Treaty of Rome , or EEC Treaty (officially the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community ), brought about the creation of the European Economic Community (EEC), the best known of the European Communities (EC). The treaty was signed on 25 March 1957 by Belgium , France , Italy , Luxembourg ,

2170-422: The EIB provides direct quasi-equity financing to support companies aiming for financing to grow which involves venture debt products for European companies in the field of biotech and life sciences , software and ICT , engineering and automation , renewables and clean technology . These investments, which are a relatively recent addition to the bank's work, tend to be smaller than its previous limits on

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2240-730: The EIB. Besides direct debt financing or project finance for the private sector, the EIB makes loans to intermediaries including Groupe BPCE (France), Deutsche Bank AG (Germany), or Intesa Sanpaolo (Italy) that provide small and medium-sized businesses with local and targeted funds up to €12.5 million and below the EIB's threshold for direct private financing of €25 million. The European Investment Bank invests and co-invests in companies and funds that focus on infrastructure, environment, or small- and medium-sized enterprises and mid-size corporations in exchange for equity which allows companies to raise capital by selling shares for short term costs or to achieve long-term financial goals. In some cases,

2310-496: The European Commission or other public authorities, from the European Investment Bank or at its own risk. In 2012, the EIB Institute was created to promote and support social, cultural, and academic initiatives with European stakeholders and the public at large. It works on community and citizenship for the EIB Group. The EIB Institute is an integral part of the EIB and does not have a separate legal personality. The EIB

2380-402: The European Investment Bank (EIB) and the European Investment Fund (EIF) and the EIB Institute. 90% the European Investment Bank's activity takes place inside the European Union with the aim of fostering European integration and development. It makes investments outside Europe to support the European Union's development aid and cooperation policies. It is active in some 140 countries throughout

2450-446: The European Investment Bank has supported the development of infrastructure for both EU Member States and third countries. In 2019, the EIB provided €15.74 billion to support infrastructure projects. The EIB supports infrastructure projects involving; sustainable transport ; energy efficiency , urban development, digital networks, social housing and key public buildings, cultural heritage and water and wastewater management. The bank

2520-479: The European Union at the time of the country's accession to the European Union. Following Brexit and the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union, the European Investment Bank's board of governors decided that the remaining Member States would proportionally increase their capital subscriptions to maintain the same level of overall subscribed capital (EUR 243.3 billion). As of March 2020,

2590-474: The European Union. Besides advice on specific investment mechanisms or market development, the services can involve strategic and technical guidance on completing a project. Prior to a funding agreement with the EIB or other investors, future clients can make use of the bank's expertise in the fields of financial structuring, procurement and regulation, or impact assessment, e.g. regarding a project's implications on climate change. It does not offer advice related to

2660-833: The French. A European Defence Community (EDC) and a European Political Community (EPC). While the treaty for the latter was being drawn up by the Common Assembly , the ECSC parliamentary chamber, the EDC was rejected by the French Parliament . President Jean Monnet , a leading figure behind the Communities, resigned from the High Authority in protest and began work on alternative Communities, based on economic integration rather than political integration. As

2730-439: The Member States of the European Union and externally. Because of its AAA credit rating in the international markets the EIB is able to borrow and lend at low rates. The bank pursues the objectives of the European Union by providing long-term project funding, as well as guarantees and advice. The EIB Group (European Investment Bank and European Investment Fund) supports companies, small businesses and start-ups by cooperating with

2800-409: The Member States of the European Union and outside the EU. The EIB prioritises projects addressing inequalities by providing jobs and education, public infrastructure and services, a sustainable environment across the European Union. The EIB's annual target for cohesion financing is 30% of all new operations in the EU, Pre-Accession and EFTA countries which amounted to €16.13 billion in 2019. In 2023,

2870-553: The Netherlands began negotiating the treaty. The Treaty Establishing the ECSC was signed in Paris on 18 April 1951, and entered into force on 24 July 1952. The Treaty expired on 23 July 2002, after fifty years, as was foreseen. The common market opened on 10 February 1953 for coal, iron ore and scrap, and on 1 May 1953 for steel. Partly in the aim of creating a United States of Europe , two further Communities were proposed, again by

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2940-473: The Treaty of Rome did not represent a fundamental turning point in the history of European integration : It is important not to overstate the importance of the Rome Treaty. It represented for the most part a declaration of future good intentions...Most of the text constituted a framework for instituting procedures designed to establish and enforce future regulations. The only truly significant innovation –

3010-554: The Union. Financial instruments co-funded by EU shared management funds, such as loans, guarantees, and equity investments, are efficient ways to invest in growth and development across the European Union. These instruments leverage public funding to attract additional private investments, contributing to EU policy objectives like economic growth, job creation, and social cohesion. fi-compass offers tailored advice on using financial instruments under various EU shared management funds, including

3080-734: The United Kingdom. As an independent body the bank takes its own borrowing and lending decisions. It cooperates with other EU institutions, especially the European Commission , the European Parliament , and the Council of the European Union . The EIB lends to both the private and the public sector through various financial products: Financing is the Bank's main activity, it also provides guidance on how to utilise additional sources of investment. The European Investment Bank provides long-term loans , typically up to 50% of

3150-572: The aim of contributing to stable growth within the Member States of the European Union, emerging markets and developing countries. Since 2010 the EIB financing outside the European Union reached €69.6 billion. In 2020 the European Investment Bank Group has offered loans to more than 100 countries, financed vaccines, diagnostics and treatments and invested €1.7 billion to help the Western Balkan countries recover from

3220-514: The development and commercialisation of new products, economic processes and business models, increased investment in research and development, education, upskilling and training and improved connectivity and access through broadband and mobile networks. In addition; the adoption and diffusion of digital and other emerging technologies and empowering women's participation in the labour market. The EIB Group finances sustainable projects and supports investments that reduce poverty and inequality aims with

3290-524: The development and production of this technology as having a strategic commercial role in the transition to clean mobility and clean Energy systems . Bernstein Research stated that developing European cell capacity could cost as much as $ 30bn (€25bn). EBA was launched in October 2017 by Vice President Maroš Šefčovič . On 30 september 2020, the EU launched its European Raw Materials Alliance (ERMA). It

3360-409: The establishment of a customs union . It proposed to create a common market for goods, labour, services, and capital across member states. It also proposed the creation of a Common Agriculture Policy , a Common Transport Policy and a European Social Fund and established the European Commission . The treaty has been amended on several occasions since 1957. The Maastricht Treaty of 1992 removed

3430-410: The exhaustion of coal deposits and to reduce dependence on oil producers. The Benelux states and West Germany were also keen on creating a general common market ; however, this was opposed by France owing to its protectionist policy, and Monnet thought it too large and difficult a task. In the end, Monnet proposed creating both as separate Communities to attempt to satisfy all interests. As a result of

3500-537: The first carbon-neutral continent by 2050. It finances projects that; limit global warming to 1.5 °C by the end of the decade, fight environmental degradation , stop biodiversity loss and address inequalities caused by climate change. In 2019, the European Investment Bank Group financed projects for €19.3 billion to fight climate change. Since 2000, the EIB has financed projects which include skills development with more than €210 billion of investment, including €14.4 billion in 2019. This support targeted/aimed at;

3570-728: The goals and principles of the Paris Agreement by the end of 2020. In November 2020, the EU member states approved the EIB Group Climate Bank Roadmap 2021–2025 that outlines its upcoming contributions to the European Green Deal and to sustainable development outside the EU. By the end of 2021, the EIB will stop financing all fossil fuel projects. The EIB contributes to the European Green Deal which aims for Europe to become

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3640-528: The growth and development segment (formal venture capital funds, mezzanine funds, portfolio guarantees/credit enhancement). The European Investment Bank is the EIF's majority shareholder, holding 62% of shares. The other main shareholder is the European Commission, which holds 29% of shares. The EIF operates on the basis of specific mandates from the European Council and the European Parliament, from

3710-401: The international capital markets. The EIB issues bonds to borrow money on capital markets which it then lends to its clients, which is a common way for governments and corporations to borrow money. Both parties agree on a fixed date when the loan is due to be paid back usually including an interest rate. The EIB's bonds are purchased by retail investors and institutional investors around

3780-726: The nuclear field, at the time a very popular area, and the European Economic Community was to create a full customs union between members. The conference led to the signing on 25 March 1957, of the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community and the Euratom Treaty at the Palazzo dei Conservatori on Capitoline Hill in Rome . 25 March 1957 was also the Catholic feast day of the Annunciation of Mary . In March 2007,

3850-418: The operations as this plant will be complementing another production facility located at Hauts-de-France . The two plants are to be operational by 2024, employ around 2,000 and serve up to 15% of Europe's demand. The European Union and all stakeholders involved are considering the entire life-cycle of batteries, including the environmental gains of use and the impact triggered by their production. Recycling and

3920-425: The private sector. European Union companies are eligible to seek financing from the Pan-European Guarantee Fund if they have financial issues due to the economic implication of the COVID-19 pandemic but could have been able to secure loans under pre-crisis circumstances. In December 2019, the European Investment Bank signed a €50 million loan to help BioNTech work on cancer treatments. A new loan worth €100 million

3990-405: The purchase or sale of securities or any advisory services regarding project evaluation and audit. fi-compass is a comprehensive advisory service platform developed by the European Commission and the European Investment Bank (EIB) Group. It supports EU shared management managing authorities and other stakeholders by providing practical know-how and learning tools on financial instruments across

4060-488: The recovery of materials at the end of the life cycle reduces the impact of both mining and manufacturing. CO 2 emissions and hazardous substances used are lowered and the impact of mining is reduced. The EU wants to ensure recycling through the Battery Directive to offset the negative side of the equation. The European Commission sees batteries as a core component of the current industrial revolution. It sees

4130-500: The renewable energy sector (including wind , hydroelectric , solar and geothermal energy production) and the energy efficiency sector (e.g. projects for district heating , co-generation, and building insulation). The European Investment Bank's has capital from its shareholders, the Member States of the European Union. Each Member State is subscribed in capital based on its economic weight (expressed in Gross domestic product ) within

4200-429: The setting up under Article 177 of a European Court of Justice to which national courts would submit cases for final adjudication – would prove immensely important in later decades but passed largely unnoticed at the time. Since the end of World War II , sovereign European countries have entered into treaties and thereby co-operated and harmonised policies (or pooled sovereignty ) in an increasing number of areas, in

4270-678: The size of its deals, because they are aimed at startups and growth companies. The European Investment Fund (EIF) supports the EIB by working with SMEs and related financial partners (Banks, guarantee, leasing and microfinance institutions, private equity and venture capital funds etc.). The EIB's investments in equity and debt funds usually cover 10% to 20% of the fund size (with a maximum of 25%) and address climate action, infrastructure, or private sector development and social impact goals. The EIB provides credit enhancement of senior debt using subordinated financing , funded or unfunded guarantees and contingent credit lines. Credit enhancement

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4340-449: The subscribed capital of the EIB has increased by an additional EUR 5.5 billion, following the decision by two Member States to increase their capital subscriptions ( Poland and Romania ). The EIB's total subscribed capital now amounts to EUR 248.8 billion. The departure of the UK from the EU did not impact the EIB Group's AAA credit rating. The EIB Group was formed in 2000. It is composed of

4410-506: The word "economic" from the Treaty of Rome's official title, and in 2009, the Treaty of Lisbon renamed it the "Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union". In 1951, the Treaty of Paris was signed, creating the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). The Treaty of Paris was an international treaty based on international law, designed to help reconstruct the economies of the European continent, prevent war in Europe and ensure

4480-414: The world in the following geographical areas: Enlargement countries , European Free Trade Association (EFTA) , EU Southern Neighbourhood, EU Eastern Neighbourhood, Sub-Saharan Africa, Caribbean and Pacific, Asia and Latin America, Central Asia and the United Kingdom. It is one of the largest supranational lenders in the world. Since its establishment in 1958, the European Investment Bank has invested over

4550-603: The world, including the European Commission and European External Action Service , the United Nations (e.g. Sustainable Energy for All ) or the International Fund for Agricultural Development . The European Investment Bank is a not for profit organisation. While it is a European Union body, none of the European Investment Bank's funds come from the European Union budget, the bank is financially autonomous. It has its own resources and money raised through

4620-435: The world. In 2007, the EIB became the first institution in the world to issue green bonds . In 2019 it committed to stop funding fossil fuel projects by the end of 2021. The EIB plans to invest 1 trillion euros in climate-related projects by 2030 including a just transition . The EIB is not funded through the budget of the EU . Instead, it raises money through the international capital markets by issuing bonds. The EIB

4690-421: The world. The EIB focuses on long-term investment and is triple-A rated by Moody's , Standard and Poor's , and Fitch . This allows the Bank to borrow money at lower rates to then lend it at lower rates to projects inside and outside Europe that foster EU policy objectives. In addition to benchmark bonds, public bonds, and private placements that vary in terms of size, currencies, maturities, and structures,

4760-686: Was accepted at the Venice Conference (29 and 30 May 1956) where the decision was taken to organise an Intergovernmental Conference . The report formed the cornerstone of the Intergovernmental Conference on the Common Market and Euratom at Val Duchesse in 1956. The outcome of the conference was that the new Communities would share the Common Assembly (now the Parliamentary Assembly) with

4830-643: Was approved in June 2020 to support the company's vaccine trials and manufacturing. BioNTech's COVID-19 vaccine was approved for use by the UK drug regulators in December 2020. The EIB Group, is one of the world's main financiers of climate action. The EIB plans to invest 1 trillion euros in climate-related projects by 2030 including a just transition . As the EU's climate Bank, the European Investment Bank Group committed in November 2019 to align its activities with

4900-481: Was that Franco-West German coal and steel production would be placed under a common High Authority within the framework of an organisation that would be open for participation to other European countries. The underlying political objective of the European Coal and Steel Community was to strengthen Franco-German cooperation and banish the possibility of war. France, West Germany, Italy, Belgium, Luxembourg, and

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