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26-401: The banner is divided into 4 towns , 1 ethnic township , and 5 sums . These subdivisions are further divided into 44 Gacha  [ zh ] and 20 Residential Communities . The banner's seat of government is the town of Bayan Tohoi. Other: Bayan Tohoi Economic Development Zone (巴彦托海经济开发区) The overwhelming majority of the banner's area is grassland , although the banner also includes

52-400: A 2.3% increase from 2018. Of this, 8.47% came from the autonomous banner's primary sector , 55.16% came from the secondary sector , and 36.37% came from the tertiary sector . In 2019, households in the autonomous banner earned an average annual disposable income of 33,168 RMB. The autonomous banner's urban households earned an average of 33,214 RMB in disposable income, ranking 58th out of

78-401: A higher-level administrative units, the borders of a town would typically include an urban core (a small town with the population on the order of 10,000 people), as well as rural area with some villages ( 村 ; cūn , or 庄 ; zhuāng ). A typical provincial map would merely show a town as a circle centered at its urban area and labeled with its name, while a more detailed one (e.g., a map of

104-427: A provincial atlas - would label the county seat location with both the name of the county (e.g., 通山县 ; Tōngshān xiàn ) and, below, and in a smaller font, with the name of the township (e.g., 通羊镇 ; Tōngyáng zhèn ). Intercity buses, trains, or riverboats destined to, or stopping at a county seat may designate its destination either by the name of the county or the name of the county-seat township. In contrast to

130-419: A single county-level division) would also show the borders dividing the county or county-level city into towns ( 镇 ) and/or township ( 乡 ) and subdistrict (街道) units. The town in which the county level government, and usually the division's main urban area), are located is often not marked on less-detailed maps, because its location is usually labeled with the name of the county level division rather than

156-782: A sizable amount of woodlands . The banner experiences an average annual precipitation of 315 mm (12.4 in), and an average annual temperature of −2.4 °C (27.7 °F). A number of local state-run enterprises are located in Ewenki Autonomous Banner, many of which deal with natural resources such as coal and lumber . These enterprises include Huaneng Yimin Coal and Electricity Company, which produces thermal and photovoltaic electricity, Shenhua Dayan Energy Group, and Inner Mongolia Tongda Coal Industry Corporation. Ewenki Autonomous Banner's gross domestic product totaled 10.69273 billion renminbi (RMB) as of 2019,

182-728: Is a double-track electrified trunk railway in Northeast China between Harbin and Manzhouli on the Russian border, where it connects to the Trans-Siberian Railway via Zabaikalsk , Russia . The Binzhou railway begins in the west at Manzhouli and runs eastward across the Hulunbuir grasslands, through the forests of the Greater Khingan range, the oilfields of Daqing , and the rich farmland of

208-1441: Is served by 1,422 kilometres (884 mi) of highway as of 2019. Dayan  [ zh ] is crossed by the Hailar–Imin Railway  [ zh ] , the Harbin-Manzhouli railway , and highways G301 and G10 . Hailar International Airport is the nearest airport. Towns of China Provinces Autonomous regions Sub-provincial autonomous prefectures Autonomous prefectures Leagues (Aimag) (abolishing) Prefectures Provincial-controlled cities Provincial-controlled counties Autonomous counties County-level cities Districts Ethnic districts Banners (Hoxu) Autonomous banners Shennongjia Forestry District Liuzhi Special District Wolong Special Administrative Region Workers and peasants districts Ethnic townships Towns Subdistricts Subdistrict bureaux Sum Ethnic sum County-controlled districts County-controlled district bureaux (obsolete) Management committees Town-level city Areas Villages · Gaqa · Ranches Village Committees Communities Capital cities New areas Autonomous administrative divisions National Central Cities History: before 1912 , 1912–49 , 1949–present When referring to political divisions of China , town

234-521: Is the standard English translation of the Chinese 镇 (traditional: 鎮 ; pinyin : zhèn ; Wade–Giles : chen ). The Constitution of the People's Republic of China classifies towns as third-level administrative units, along with, for example, townships ( Chinese : 乡 ; pinyin : xiāng ). A township is typically smaller in population and more remote than a town. Similarly to

260-738: The Binzhou Railway . The Harbin-Manzhouli line has undergone substantial upgrades over the years. Double-tracking began in 1983, with the Harbin– Anda section being the first section to be completed, in 1985; the entire line was completed in 2007, when the Manzhouli–Hailar section was completed, increasing the line's capacity sixfold. In 1990, semi-automatic train control was introduced, with DFH3-class diesel locomotives on passenger trains, and DF4B-class diesels and Renmin-class steam locomotives on freight trains. Operating speed on

286-557: The Sino–Russian Secret Treaty on June 3rd 1896; amongst other things, this treaty gave Russia the right to build a railway through northeast China - the Chinese Eastern Railway (CER). Harbin was selected to be the hub of the new railway system, with three Russian-gauge lines 1,520 mm (5 ft 0 in) envisioned heading east, west, and south from Harbin. Work on the western branch from Harbin to

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312-751: The Songhua River valley to Harbin. Major cities and towns along route include Manzhouli, Jalainur , Hailar , Dayan , Yakeshi , and Zhalantun in Inner Mongolia, as well as Qiqihar , Daqing , Anda , Zhaodong , and Harbin in Heilongjiang. This line has the only station in all of China whose name is a single character : Song railway station (宋), which makes it a popular location amongst Chinese railfans . The Qing government 's special envoy Li Hongzhang went to Russia to congratulate Tsar Nicholas II on his coronation, and signed

338-497: The 101 county-level divisions in Inner Mongolia for which this statistic was reported; and rural households in the autonomous banner earned an average of 24,926 RMB in disposable income, ranking 9th out of the 90 county-level divisions for which this statistic was reported. Consumer retail sales in the autonomous banner totaled 2.06048 billion RMB as of 2019. As of 2019, there were 21,204 mobile telephone subscriptions in

364-492: The 96 county-level divisions in Inner Mongolia which for which this statistic was reported. In the same year, the autonomous banner produced 17,749 tons of meat, ranking 57th out of Inner Mongolia's 103 county-level divisions. As of 2019, the autonomous banner's population of 136,832 ranks 71st out of Inner Mongolia's 103 county-level divisions . This total was a 0.7% decline from the previous year. The autonomous banner's government reported in 2013 that ethnic minorities within

390-751: The CER, forming the South Manchuria Railway , with the northern portions remaining under Sino-Russian control. Following the October Revolution , the railway was controlled by White Russians for a time during the Russian Civil War , but from 1917 the government of the Republic of China began taking more control of the railway to itself, until in 1922 the CER was made officially a Sino-Soviet joint enterprise. However, in 1929

416-780: The Chinese seized complete control of the CER, storming the Soviet consulate in Harbin and arresting the officials of the CER. This led to the Sino-Soviet conflict of 1929 , in which the Soviets quickly defeated the Chinese army and forced the Chinese to once again accept joint control of the railway. After the Mukden Incident , the Soviets retained control over the railway despite the Japanese occupation of northeastern China; after

442-402: The Ewenki Autonomous Banner, accounting for 14.50% of its total population, and 29,769 internet subscriptions, accounting for 21.76% of its total population. In 2019, Ewenki Autonomous Banner earned 736.62 million RMB in public budget revenue, ranking 40th out of the 103 county-level divisions in Inner Mongolia. Ewenki Autonomous Banner produced 49,145 tons of grain in 2019, ranking 71st out of

468-564: The PRC, in the official translation adopted in the ROC , both the characters " 鄉 " (pinyin: xiāng ) and " 鎮 " ( zhèn ) are translated as "townships", with zhèn specifically being "urban" township, 'with xiāng specifically translated as "rural" township Harbin%E2%80%93Manzhouli railway Trans-Siberian Railway Harbin–Manzhouli railway , abbreviated as the Binzhou Railway ( Chinese : 滨洲铁路 ; pinyin : Bīnzhōu tiělù ),

494-585: The Russian border at Manzhouli, then named the Haman Railway , commenced at both ends in June 1898, and was completed in 1902. The eastern branch of the CER ran from Harbin to Suifenhe . The entire CER served as an alternative route to the Trans-Siberian Railway . The CER was a joint project of China and Russia, and after the Russo-Japanese War , the Japanese took over the southern portion of

520-599: The banner totaled 58,843 people, accounting for 40.8% of the total population. In addition to the Han Chinese majority in the autonomous banner, sizable minority communities include the Evenki , Mongol , Daur , Manchu , Hui , Korean , Oroqen , and Sibe people. The autonomous banner has 10 primary schools and 11 secondary schools . As of 2019, Ewenki Autonomous Banner's medical institutions host 604 beds, and are staffed by 1,100 personnel. Ewenki Autonomous Banner

546-717: The creation of the People's Republic of China , the railways in the territory of the former Manchukuo were taken over by a new Sino-Soviet joint enterprise, called the China Changchun Railway . Full control of the China Changchun Railway was to be turned over to the PRC on 31 December 1952, but due to the Korean War this was delayed until 1955. The Harbin–Manzhouli line became part of China Railway at that time, and once again renamed, becoming

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572-745: The establishment of Manchukuo in 1932, the CER became a joint Soviet-Manchukuo enterprise called the "North Manchuria Railway". In March 1935, the government of Manchukuo bought the Soviet share of the NMR for 140 million yen, and the entire network was taken over by the Manchukuo National Railway . After the Manchukuo National took over the NMR network, it changed the name of the Harbin–Manzhouli railway from Haman Railway to Binzhou Line , and on 1 August 1936, conversion of

598-636: The line from Russian broad gauge to standard gauge was completed, increasing the operating speed to 60 km/h (37 mph). After the Soviet invasion of Manchuria and the subsequent collapse of Manchukuo, the Soviets once again took control of the region's railways, and converted the Binzhou Line back to Russian gauge; in 1946, the Northeast Democratic Coalition seized control of the line, and once again regauged it. After

624-463: The line was raised to 100 km/h (62 mph). The Binzhou Railway Electrification Project was officially started on 25 October 2014. The entire 933 km (580 mi) of the line was wired, and 17 new traction substations were built. The first section, from Harbin to Qiqihar, was completed on 3 November 2016; the first electric-hauled train on the line was K7108, pulled by a HXD3D-class locomotive. The remaining section from Qiqihar to Manzhouli

650-529: The name of the actual town into which this urban area falls. For example, the county government of Tongshan County is located in Tongyang Town ( 通羊镇 ; Tōngyáng zhèn ), but the maps would normally show it with a circle labeled "Tongshan County" ( 通山县 ) or simply "Tongshan" ( 通山 ). Road signs would also normally show distance to "Tongshan" rather than "Tongyang". On the other hand, more detailed maps - e.g., maps of individual prefecture-level cities in

676-465: Was energised on 11 December 2017. The Eastern end of the route was quadruple tracked in 2015 with the opening of the Harbin–Qiqihar intercity railway , dedicated to passenger service, increasing the passenger-carrying capacity of this section. The original Binzhou Railway Bridge was built in 1901, and was replaced by a new bridge in 2014. The old bridge is now a historical landmark protected by

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