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37-582: The Excelsior Brass Band was a brass band from New Orleans active between 1879 and 1931. It was one of the earliest recognized brass bands on the New Orleans jazz scene. The Excelsior was founded in 1879 by Théogène Baquet , who led it until 1904; following this it was led by George Moret (1904-1922) and then Peter Bocage , who led it from 1922 until its dissolution in 1931. The band typically held ten to twelve members, including three cornets or trumpets, two trombones, two clarinets, an alto horn ,

74-459: A baritone horn , a tuba, a snare drum, and a bass drum. Their repertory included marches, dance pieces, dirges , and hymns . Among its members were John Robichaux , George Baquet , Alphonse Picou , Luis Tio ( Lorenzo Tio 's uncle), Lorenzo Tio Sr. (Lorenzo Tio's father), Honore Dutrey , Sam Dutrey Sr. ( Sam Dutrey 's father), Isidore Barbarin , Albert Snaer , Louis Cottrell Sr. , and Willie Humphrey . Brass band A brass band

111-433: A major third higher than this. Additionally, as the tenor horn is a whole-bore brass instrument , most players can play some pedal tones , the fundamentals (first partials ) of (at least) the shorter tubing lengths. Tenor horn parts are written in the treble clef . The tenor horn is an E ♭ transposing instrument written a major sixth above concert pitch : the tenor horn notation for middle C represents

148-533: A distinctive style of music originating in 19th century Balkans. The music's tradition stems from the First Serbian Uprising led by Karađorđe in 1804 when Serbs revolted against the occupying Ottoman Empire, eventually liberating Serbia. The trumpet was used as a military instrument to wake and gather soldiers and announce battles, the trumpet took on the role of entertainment during downtime, as soldiers used it to transpose popular folk songs. It

185-650: A local tradition of training children in brass playing from an early age (starting at 7–8 years old). In larger Salvation Army churches there will often be a junior band for children (7–18 years old) as well as a senior band for adults. Fanfare orchestras are a type of brass band mainly found in Belgium and the Netherlands, while several ensembles exist in Germany, France and Luxembourg. Unlike British bands, they also sport saxophones . There are fanfares affiliated to

222-631: A marching bass drum and a cymbal mounted on the drum and another playing a snare drum (the snare drummer often switches to a drum kit when not marching). Many variations on this exist, including the use of additional percussionists, cymbals, drums, whistles and Scratch DJ's . The style has moved beyond New Orleans and can now be found in such places as Japan with the Black Bottom Brass Band; Finland with TIMO Brass Band; Germany with Querbeat , LaBrassBanda , Moop Mama , MaddaBrasska, Meute or Brass Riot ; Belgium with Brazzmatazz,

259-571: A role similar to that of the orchestral horn in the symphony orchestra. The tenor horn has also been used in concert bands as a replacement for the French horn. In the past, many publishers included parts in both Eb (for the tenor horn) and F (for the French horn). These parts were the same, just transposed into the pitch of the given instrument. Some publishers still follow this practice. Although Gustav Mahler orchestrated his Seventh Symphony to include one "tenorhorn in B ♭ ", that instrument

296-520: A variation on the tenor/alto horn, called the "altonium". This instrument was keyed in F, and it utilized the same mouthpiece as the French horn. From their 1971 catalog, King Instruments produced two models of the altonium: numbers 1147 and 1148. The 1147 was a straight model, and the 1148 was a bell forward model. In the US, the alto horn is colloquially known as the "peck horn", supposedly because these instruments were employed in band music to "peck away at"

333-464: Is a musical ensemble generally consisting primarily of brass instruments , most often with a percussion section. Ensembles that include brass and woodwind instruments can in certain traditions also be termed brass bands (particularly in the context of New Orleans and Japan –style brass bands), but may be more correctly termed military bands , concert bands , or "brass and reed" bands. Balkan-style Brass Bands ( Serbian : Труба , trumpet ) play

370-747: Is a popular wedding entertainment with a strong focus on rhythm and dance, and audience participation. Beni originated in Zanzibar around the turn of the 20th century as a mockery of colonial style military bands. In Zanzibar , Beni is performed both as a street parade and stationary as a wedding dance. One festival featuring brass bands is the Tarragona International Dixieland Festival , in Catalonia, Spain. The organisation programs not only dixieland brass bands but also ethnic or world music brass bands from over

407-577: Is made in various shapes: the most common in the United States and the UK, and in most other parts of the world, is a sort of mini- tuba shape, with the bell pointing upward, which may help the voice blend before reaching the audience. In contrast, the solo horn (found mainly in Europe) looks like (and indeed effectively is ) an enlarged flugelhorn, with the bell pointing forward, projecting more toward

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444-747: Is more rooted in Afrobeat and jazz than hip-hop. Founded in 1836 by King Kamehameha III, the Royal Hawaiian Band is the second oldest and only full-time municipal band in the United States. In recent generations, unique brass band traditions have also developed in Tonga , Samoa , and other parts of Polynesia, as well as among the Māori of New Zealand. Some recordings are now available and these styles are beginning to be researched and promoted abroad through band tours. Deriving from English 'band', Beni

481-506: Is most commonly used in British brass bands , and Mexican banda music whereas the French horn tends to take the corresponding parts in concert bands and orchestras . However, the tenor horn has occasionally been used as an alternative to the French horn in concert bands. The tenor horn is a valved brass instrument (in E ♭ ) which has a predominantly conical bore like that of

518-574: Is popular throughout the Balkans , especially Serbia , Albania , North Macedonia , Romania , Bulgaria and Northern Greece . The tempos are usually fast and accompanied by kolo . The performers each have their instrument of the orchestra and are called trubači ( трубачи ). The best known examples of acclaimed music in this style are from Goran Bregović and Boban Marković Orkestar . The Serbian film maker Emir Kusturica has, through his films ( Underground and Black Cat, White Cat ), made

555-552: Is the London-based International Staff Band . Salvation Army bands vary considerably in size and complement as they are based on the local personnel available, some being as small as 6-8 members. The cornet section of a Salvation Army band does not include a 'repiano' and instead of 2nd & 3rd cornets there are 1st & 2nd cornets. A Salvation Army band may have 3-6 tenor horns, 2-4 baritones and 2-6 tenor trombones. Salvation Army bands have

592-438: Is the source of confusion as regards the names tenor vs. alto horn. The modern instrument has a larger diameter and now resembles Sax's specification of the saxhorn more than it does that of the saxotromba. A great deal of interesting historical technical information on the saxhorn is found in the "Saxhorn" entry of Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Vol. 4 (1909) . In the 1970s, King Musical Instruments produced

629-741: The Olympia Brass Band . The Treme Brass Band , while not as old, has members who have been influential throughout New Orleans Brass Band music, as well as being renowned in its own right. A well-known use of these bands is for the New Orleans jazz funeral and second line parades . In the 1970s and 1980s, the New Orleans brass band tradition experienced a renaissance, with bands breaking away from traditional stylings and adding elements of funk , hip hop , and bop to their repertoires. Some notable exponents of this style of brass band, sometimes known as Brasspop or Urban Brass , include

666-571: The off-beats . This name is mentioned in The Music Man , and a french horn-patterned peck horn can be seen in the scene where Professor Hill is explaining the Think System as applied to Beethoven's Minuet in G and a small boy asks him how to play it. The tenor horn is very rarely included in the symphony orchestra , where its place is taken by the French horn . Instead, it is a fixture of British brass bands , where it often plays

703-486: The British brass band from writing for the tenor horn, and it certainly had an adverse effect on the instrument's popularity outside the UK. In more recent years, however, there have been many attempts by various makers to create a tenor horn with much better power and projection while still retaining the instrument's characteristic "narrow-mellow" timbre. A few of these modern instruments have become especially popular within

740-511: The E ♭ below middle C in concert pitch (E ♭ 3 in scientific pitch notation). The instrument known today as the tenor/alto horn was developed in the 1840s by the Belgian instrument maker Adolphe Sax who, among other instrument design activities, designed two similar families of valved brass instruments, the saxhorn and the saxotromba . The surviving E ♭ alto instruments by Sax all have inner diameters described in

777-887: The Jack Brass Band and the Dirty Shorts Brass Band; Missouri with the Funky Butt Brass Band; Georgia with the Half Dozen Brass Band; Cincinnati, Ohio with The Cincy Brass; Madison, Wisconsin with the Mama Digdown's and Youngblood ; Richmond, VA No BS! Brass brass bands; and Sacramento, California with Element Brass Band. Although not a brass band by definition, the Chilean band Newen Afrobeat , founded in 2009, also has very strong brass and rhythm sections, but

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814-976: The Netherlands with the Neutral Ground Brass Band , Happy Feet and the Hurricane brass bands; Scotland with the Criterion Brass Band; England with the Renegade Brass Band; Australia with the Horns of Leroy Brass Band; Phoenix, Arizona with the Bad Cactus Brass Band; Boston, Massachusetts with the Hot Tamale Brass Band ; Hartford, CT with the Funky Dawgz Brass Band; Tennessee with Halfbrass; Minnesota with

851-545: The UK; the Besson Sovereign and the Yamaha Maestro have dominated the tenor horn market over the last decade or so. The nominal range of the tenor horn (expressed in concert pitch ) is from the A an octave and a minor third below middle C to the E ♭ an octave and a minor third above middle C (A 2 to E ♭ 5 in scientific pitch notation ). Experienced players can reach at least

888-420: The audience . Another older and lesser-known variant has the bell facing backward (for military marching bands that preceded the soldiers, thus helping them hear better and keep better time in marching). Still another variant has a detachable bell, easily rotated to point in the direction of the player's choice. The standard bell-up horn comes in two basic shapes - one with the beginning of the bell looping over

925-799: The band Def Generation, members of the next generation of Nevilles who created hip hop over live brass bands, influencing Soul Rebels Brass Band , Rebirth Brass Band , the Stooges Brass Band , the Hot 8 Brass Band , the Lil Rascals Brass Band, Youngblood Brass Band , The Original Pinettes Brass Band , the Dirty Dozen Brass Band and The Big 6 Brass Band. Also, a number of groups outside the United States have begun playing this style of music. The style of

962-766: The bass trombone and percussion are notated in treble clef. Despite its musical range, the alto horn in E ♭ is traditionally called the tenor horn in British bands. Brass bands have a long tradition of competition between bands, often based around local industry and communities. British-style brass bands are widespread throughout Great Britain , former British colonies especially Australia and New Zealand , Norway , parts of continental Europe and North America . Annual competitions are held in these countries to select champion bands at various levels of musical competence. The Salvation Army has deployed brass bands since 1878 and they continue to be an integral part of its church. The most well-known Salvation Army brass band

999-490: The euphonium and flugelhorn . It uses a deep funnel- or cup-shaped mouthpiece . The tenor horn's conical bore and deep mouthpiece produce a mellow, rounded tone that is often used as a middle voice, supporting the melodies of the trumpets , cornets, or flugelhorns , and fills the gap above the lower tenor and bass instruments (the trombone , baritone horn , euphonium, and tuba ). Its valves are typically, though not exclusively, piston valves. The tenor horn has been made and

1036-413: The horn section contributes greatly to the rich mellow sound of a brass band. Tenor horns, especially those built in the middle of the 20th century, typically have very poor projection and power, so much so that they quickly became known as the "cinderella" of the brass band, hiding between the much more powerful cornets and trombones. This reputation played no small part in discouraging composers outside of

1073-709: The military and civil fanfare orchestras which are an important element of cultural tradition in some areas. In the second part of the 20th century, many British-style brass bands have been founded in the Low Countries as well, often as part of a musical association also including a fanfare orchestra or a concert band. The tradition of brass bands in New Orleans, Louisiana dates to the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Traditionally, New Orleans brass bands could feature various instrumentations, often including trumpets , trombones , clarinets , saxophones , sousaphones , and percussion . The music played by these groups

1110-553: The more common piston valves . Within a British brass band, the tenor horn section usually plays a unique part in the middle of the band, with the Solo Horn having frequent solo passages. However, it is less often featured as a solo instrument, but is increasingly gaining popularity as one. The instrument's timbre, with little attack or resonance, as well as the parts it usually plays, makes the section difficult to hear individually, even in professional studio recordings. Despite this,

1147-419: The music is often characterized by the use of the sousaphone in place of a Double bass to play the bass-line . The sousaphone may play a traditional jazz walking bassline or groove on a riff. Trumpets, trombones, saxophones, and other horns play melodies and harmonies loosely over the bass-line. Often the lines are greatly embellished with improvisation. A typical setup includes two percussionists, one playing

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1184-641: The opportunity to compete in a contest format similar to those conducted in the United Kingdom and Europe. The contest is typically late March to early April every year. In Boston , Seattle and Austin a series of festivals called HONK! bring together street brass bands (and other related ensembles) from the United States and Canada, and some bands from other parts of the world. The groups presented include Balkan Brass Bands , New Orleans brass bands, Political Action Bands, Klezmer , and " DIY " Alternative / Radical Community Bands. Alto horn It

1221-448: The saxotromba patent . In this patent the soprano voice (descant) is tuned in E ♭ and thence descending through B ♭ (contralto) to E ♭ (alto). The next family member below the alto saxotromba was described as a baritone in B ♭ . Ascending from baritone, logically the next E ♭ family member above it is a tenor. The inconsistency spread across multiple descriptions and patents over decades apparently

1258-586: The style popular in the international community outside the Balkans. A brass band in the British tradition with a full complement of 28 players (including percussion) consists of: With the exception of three trombones, all of the instruments have a conical bore, which gives the British-style brass band its distinctive warm timbre compared to the bright fanfare sound of an ensemble of cylindrical bore instruments (trumpets and trombones). All parts apart from

1295-447: The top of the valves and the other looping below the valves. These types are the most frequently encountered in the United States and UK. Only the standard upright instrument is seen in UK brass bands. In Europe, Červený have been manufacturing tenor horns since 1852. They currently offer models of the instrument looped like a classic horn and an oval model shaped like a Wagner tuba , all models having rotary valves , as opposed to

1332-878: The world, including the Dirty Dozen Brass Band from the US, Boban Marković Orkestar from Serbia, the Jaipur Kawa Brass Band from India and Taraf Goulamas from Occitania France. In the United States the Great American Brass Band Festival has been held annually in Danville, Kentucky for the past 30 years and is free for all. This event attracts brass band lovers from the U.S., Canada, and Europe. The Vintage Band Festival occurs in Northfield, Minnesota every three years. The North American Brass Band Association sponsors an annual convention that provides member bands with

1369-879: Was often a fusion between European-styled military band music and African folk music brought to the Americas by West African slaves and the idiom played a significant role in the development of traditional jazz . Early brass bands include the Eureka Brass Band , the Onward Brass Band , the Excelsior Brass Band , the Tuxedo Brass Band , the Young Tuxedo Brass Band , the Camelia Brass Band , and

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