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52-675: Exshaw is a hamlet in Alberta , Canada within Municipal District (MD) of Bighorn No. 8 . Located approximately 90 kilometres (56 mi) west of downtown Calgary and 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) east of Canmore , Exshaw is situated within the Bow River valley north of the Bow River . The hamlet was once located within Rocky Mountains Park later Banff National Park , with the original park entrance being only

104-578: A buurtschap officially is a part of another place (e.g. Bartlehiem , part of Wyns ). In Pakistan, a hamlet is called a gaaon گاؤں or mauza موضع in Urdu , giraaan گراں or pind پنڈ in Punjabi , and kalay کلې in Pashto . It is almost synonymous to 'village'. In Poland, the law recognises a number of different kinds of rural settlement . Przysiółek (which can be translated as "hamlet") refers to

156-404: A dorp (village), no infrastructure (i.e. no inn, no school, no store) and contains often only one street, bearing the same name. The houses and farms of a gehucht or a buurtschap can be scattered. Though there are strong similarities between a gehucht and buurtschap , the words are not interchangeable. A gehucht officially counts as an independent place of residence (e.g. Wateren ), while

208-426: A cluster of farms. Osada (which is typically translated as "settlement" but also can be translated as "hamlet") includes smaller settlements especially differing by type of buildings or inhabited by population connected with some place or workplace (like mill settlements, forest settlements, fishing settlements, railway settlements, former State Agricultural Farm settlements). They can be an independent settlement, or

260-527: A couple miles east of Exshaw. Sir Sanford Fleming named Exshaw after his son-in-law, E. William Exshaw (15 February 1866, Bordeaux – 16 March 1927; of Anglo-Irish descent; and sailing Olympic gold medalist at the Paris 1900 Summer Olympics), who with Fleming helped establish the Western Canada Cement and Coal Company. William Exshaw visited in 1908 when a banquet was held in his honour by

312-459: A distinction was often that selo has a church and derevnia has not. The once common Russian word хутор ( khutor ) for the smallest type of rural settlement (arguably closest in nature to the English hamlet) is now mostly obsolete. The state of USSR wanted to have some form of basic infrastructure and central authority at each and every settlement. Obviously, this is the opposite of a hamlet -

364-455: A few houses in the rural outskirts of a village. In Ukraine, a very small village such as a hamlet usually is called a selyshche or khutir . There also existed such places like volia , sloboda , huta , buda , and others. In England , the word hamlet (having the French origin given at the top of this article) means (in current usage) simply a small settlement, maybe of

416-414: A few houses or farms, smaller than a village. However, traditionally and legally, it means a village or a town without a church, although hamlets are recognised as part of land use planning policies and administration. Historically, it may refer to a secondary settlement in a civil parish , after the main settlement (if any); such an example is the hamlet of Chipping being the secondary settlement within

468-910: A hamlet is called a "bigha" . In state of Karnataka , a hamlet is known by different names like Palya , Hadi (Haadi), Keri , and Padi (Paadi). In olden days, the human population of hamlet was less than Halli (Village) or Ooru (Uru). But in the 20th century with tremendous increase in population, some of these hamlets have become villages, towns, cities or merged with them. All over Indonesia , hamlets are translated as "small village", desa or kampung . They are known as dusun in Central Java and East Java, banjar in Bali, jorong or kampuang in West Sumatra . The Dutch words for hamlet are gehucht or buurtschap . A gehucht or buurtschap has, compared to

520-430: A hamlet lacks a compact core settlement and lacks a central building such as a church or inn. However, some hamlets ( Kirchwiler ) may have grown up as an unplanned settlement around a church. There is no population limit that defines a hamlet and some hamlets have a larger population than some of the smallest municipalities. Generally there are no street names in a hamlet; rather, addresses are given by hamlet name and

572-516: A larger entity (e.g. parish or municipality ). In Spain, the hamlet is one of the categories in the official gazetteer of population entities. In the Royal Order and Instruction of the 8 of March 1930, issued for the elaboration of the Annual gazetteer, the hamlet ( aldea ) is defined as the population entity with the smallest population and neighbourhood, usually more disseminated than

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624-593: A larger municipality (similar to civil townships in the United States), such as many communities within the single-tier municipalities of Ontario , Alberta 's specialized and rural municipalities, and Saskatchewan 's rural municipalities. Canada's two largest hamlets— Fort McMurray (formerly incorporated as a city) and Sherwood Park —are located in Alberta. They each have populations, within their main urban area, in excess of 60,000—well in excess of

676-850: A marine setting during the Hangenberg event , an oceanic anoxic event associated with the Late Devonian extinction . The black shales of the Exshaw Formation are rich in organic matter and are one of the most important petroleum source rocks of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. The Exshaw Formation is informally subdivided into a lower shale member and an upper siltstone and limestone member. The lower shales are dark grey to black, thin- bedded to laminated, and rich in organic matter, with scattered sulphide and phosphate nodules . There

728-507: A number. House numbers might start at one side of the hamlet and continue to the other side or may have no clear organization. A hamlet may form or have formed a Bürgergemeinde (legal place of citizenship regardless of where a person was born or currently lives) and may own common property for the Bürgergemeinde . In Turkey , a hamlet is known as a mezra and denotes a small satellite settlement usually consisting of

780-461: A parent commune . In the Russian language, there are several words which mean "a hamlet", but all of them are approximately equivalent. The most common word is деревня ( derevnia , the word meant "an arable" in the past); the words село ( selo , from the Russian word селиться ( selit'tsa ), meaning "to settle") and посёлок ( posiolok ) are quite frequently used, too. Parallel to many other cultures,

832-403: A part of another settlement, like a village. In Romania , hamlets are called cătune (singular: cătun ), and they represent villages that contain several houses at most. They are legally considered villages, and statistically, they are placed in the same category. Like villages, they do not have a separate administration, and thus are not an administrative division, but are part of

884-464: A place without either for being too small to meaningfully support those. Even without state pressure, once one of the neighboring khutor s got a permanent shop, school, community center (known in Russia as дом культуры, "house of culture"), maybe a medical post, others would naturally relocate closer, drawing together into one village. Thus, the diminutive form деревенька ( derevenka , tiny derevnia )

936-453: A population of 412 living in 164 of its 178 total private dwellings, a change of 13.8% from its 2011 population of 362. With a land area of 1.58 km (0.61 sq mi), it had a population density of 260.8/km (675.4/sq mi) in 2016. The cement plant, now owned by Lafarge North America, is the main industry in the community. The limestone is quarried on the mountain north of the plant. A number of other plants and quarries are in

988-610: A possible "fluteplayer" Kokopelli image that may be from the Flute Clan of the Hopi tradition. The local area is known for wildlife, despite the industrial development. Duncan MacGillivray , with explorer David Thompson on his survey of the Canadian Rockies, first encountered a bighorn sheep , near Exshaw, on 30 November 1800, which led to the specimens collected and subsequent scientific naming. Mount MacGillivray, to

1040-547: A specific service, such as water, sewer, or lighting to provide only that hamlet with services. A hamlet could be described as the rural or suburban equivalent of a neighborhood in a city or village. The area of a hamlet may not be exactly defined; it may be designated by the Census Bureau , or it may rely on some other form of border (such as a ZIP Code , school district or fire district for more urbanized areas; rural hamlets are typically only demarcated by speed zones on

1092-462: A village. The term Lieu-dit is also applied to hamlets, but this can also refer to uninhabited localities. During the 18th century, it was fashionable for rich or noble people to create their own hameau in their gardens . This was a group of houses or farms with rustic appearance, but in fact very comfortable. The best known are the Hameau de la Reine built by the queen Marie-Antoinette in

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1144-593: Is ferm toun , used in the specific case of a farm settlement, including outbuildings and agricultural workers' homes. The term hamlet was used in Wales to denote a geographical subdivision of a parish (which might or might not contain a settlement). Elsewhere, mostly in England, these subdivisions were called "townships" or "tithings". The Welsh word for "hamlet" is pentrefan (also pentrefyn ). Both these words are diminutives of pentref ("village") with

1196-520: Is also used for designating small groups of rural dwellings or farmhouses. A hamlet in Spain is a human settlement, usually located in rural areas, and typically smaller in size and population than a village (called in Spain, pueblo Spanish: [ˈpweβlo] ). The hamlet is a common territorial organisation in the North West of Spain ( Asturias , Cantabria and Galicia ) dependent on

1248-404: Is common and indicates that they were deposited in an oxygenated environment, closer to the paleocoastline than the lower black shales were. The Exshaw Formation has a thickness of 46.7 metres (150 ft) at its type locality near Exshaw and typically ranges between 7 metres (20 ft) and 50 metres (160 ft) thick. It is a widespread unit that can be seen in outcrop at many locations in

1300-509: Is in widespread, albeit unofficial, use to denote such settlements, which mostly possess the amenities of a village yet the size of hamlet. In Spain , a hamlet is called lugar , aldea or cortijada ( Spanish: [koɾtiˈxaða] ). The word comes from the Spanish term cortijo («estate»). In the South of Spain, the term caserío ( Spanish: [kaseˈɾi.o] )

1352-490: Is no evidence of disturbance by biological activity. They are believed to have been deposited in an offshore environment on the outer continental shelf under anoxic conditions. The shales are sparsely fossiliferous and contain some conodont elements , ostracods and brachiopod shells. The upper member consists of brown-weathering, medium- to thick-bedded, calcareous and dolomitic siltstones with subordinate silty limestones. Bioturbation by burrowing marine organisms

1404-501: Is part of a larger municipality. In different states of India , there are different words for hamlet. In Haryana and Rajasthan , it is called " dhani " ( Hindi : ढाणी ḍhāṇī ) or "Thok" . In Gujarat , a hamlet is called a "nesada" , which are more prevalent in the Gir forest . In Maharashtra , it is called a "pada" . In southern Bihar, especially in the Magadh division ,

1456-520: Is sometimes used as a wedding venue because of the heart shape. Exshaw Creek, locally known and identified on the Highway 1A bridge as Canyon Creek, runs through the hamlet. In 1958, Alan McGugan et al., identified a new species of the pelecypod Megalodon in a river cliff of Exshaw Creek and gave the new specific name M. banffensis , for the proximity of the Banff area. The eastern portion of

1508-518: The Town of Hempstead , with a population of over 50,000, are more populous than some incorporated cities in the state. In Oregon , specifically in Clackamas County , a hamlet is a form of local government for small communities that allows the citizens therein to organize and co-ordinate community activities. Hamlets do not provide services, such as utilities or fire protection, and do not have

1560-401: The lugar , though its buildings can be also organised in streets and plazas. In the four national languages, hamlets are known as Weiler (German), hameaux (French), frazioni (Italian) and fracziun ( Romansh ). A hamlet is always part of a larger municipality or may be shared between two municipalities. The difference between a hamlet and a village is that typically

1612-527: The recreational area of the same name, and Seebe (power dam), which is now closed but proposed for future residential redevelopment. A small ranch area, now mainly dude ranches , is also near the hamlet. Of note is the Brewster's Kananaskis Ranch & Golf Course, which sits on the original homestead property of Bud Brewster and has remained in the family's possession since the 1880s. A number of smaller parks with camping facilities have also developed in

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1664-493: The 10,000-person threshold that can choose to incorporate as a city in Alberta. As such, these two hamlets have been further designated by the Province of Alberta as urban service areas . An urban service area is recognized as equivalent to a city for the purposes of provincial and federal program delivery and grant eligibility. A hamlet, French: hameau , is a group of rural dwellings, usually too small to be considered

1716-544: The Bowfort Service Station and tea room nine miles (14 km) west of Exshaw, at 'The Gap'. They retired to the New Westminster, British Columbia area in 1943 or 1944. In the 1970s, a portion of Exshaw was demolished – 47 homes, a church, and a school – to make way for expansion of the cement plant. East of Exshaw are smaller company town communities of Kananaskis (lime plant), which is not

1768-556: The Canadian Rockies, and it is present in the subsurface from the prairies of northern Montana to southern Northwest Territories . It is absent at the Peace River Arch, and the upper siltstone member is absent in central Alberta and northern Alberta . Because the Exshaw Formation is a widespread unit, it overlies different formations in different areas. It rests disconformably on the Wabamun Formation in

1820-642: The University of Wisconsin, and in 1914 joined the School of Engineering at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland. Although the original cement plant was further west, the community has had a large plant for many years. Edwin Loder organized a company, Loders Lime, to take over lime kilns already in operation at the community of Kananaskis, approximately 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) east of Exshaw. Due to

1872-405: The area east and west, such as Baymag 's magnesium oxide calcination plant, with technology that minimizes energy consumption, and Graymont Inc 's lime and limestone products plant. Baymag had its 40th anniversary in 2022; it had one year earlier reached a milestone of 150,000 metric tonnes per annum capacity. Exshaw is the largest hamlet in the M.D. of Bighorn No. 8, which also includes

1924-577: The authority to levy taxes or fees. There are four hamlets in Oregon: Beavercreek , Mulino , Molalla Prairie , and Stafford . In Vietnam , a hamlet ( xóm , ấp ) is the smallest unofficial administrative unit. It is a subdivision of a commune or township ( xã ). Exshaw Formation The Exshaw Formation is a stratigraphic unit in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin . It takes

1976-525: The civil parish of Buckland . Hamlets may have been formed around a single source of economic activity such as a farm, mill, mine or harbour that employed its working population. Some hamlets may be the result of the depopulation of a village ; examples of such a hamlet are Graby and Shapwick . Because of the hilly topography of the parish, the village of Clent , situated on the Clent Hills , consists of five distinct hamlets. In Northern Ireland ,

2028-572: The common Irish place name element baile is sometimes considered equivalent to the term hamlet in English, although baile would actually have referred to what is known in English today as a townland : that is to say, a geographical locality rather than a small village. In the Scottish Highlands , the term clachan , of Gaelic derivation, may be preferred to the term hamlet . Also found in Scotland more generally

2080-399: The diminutive of Old French hamel meaning a little village. This, in turn, is a diminutive of Old French ham , possibly borrowed from ( West Germanic ) Franconian languages . It is related to the modern French hameau , Dutch heem , Frisian hiem , German Heim , Old English hām , and Modern English home . In Afghanistan , the counterpart of

2132-533: The east Bow Valley . Directly across the Bow River south from Exshaw is the Hamlet of Lac des Arcs although no bridge connects the two hamlets. A dam on the Bow River is east of Seebe. The smaller Exshaw Mountain, 1783 m (5850 ft.), is north of the hamlet, and is locally known as Cougar Mountain. Across from the community south beyond Lac des Arcs is Heart Mountain is easier to scale. This mountain

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2184-640: The hamlet is on the flood plain for Jura Creek. In 1937, P.S. Warren described outcrops on the banks of Jura Creek, naming these the Exshaw Formation . The Jura Creek valley is known to provide a good introduction to some Front Range geology, with the exposed formations including the Palliser ( Devonian ), Exshaw and Banff ( Mississippian ). The naming of Jura Creek was from misidentified Jurassic fossils, which are actually Paleozoic , not Jurassic . Grotto Creek, 3 km west, has pictographs, including

2236-636: The hamlet is the qala ( Dari : قلعه, Pashto : کلي) meaning "fort" or "hamlet". The Afghan qala is a fortified group of houses, generally with its own community building such as a mosque, but without its own marketplace. The qala is the smallest type of settlement in Afghan society, outsized by the village ( Dari / Pashto : ده), which is larger and includes a commercial area. In Canada's three territories , hamlets are officially designated municipalities . As of January 1, 2010: In Canada's provinces, hamlets are usually small unincorporated communities within

2288-588: The hamlets of Benchlands , Dead Man's Flats , Harvie Heights and Lac des Arcs , as well as rural ranchland west of Cochrane . The M.D. of Bighorn No. 8's municipal office is located in Exshaw. Hamlet (place) The word and concept of a hamlet can be traced back to Norman England , where the Old French hamelet came to apply to small human settlements. The word comes from Anglo-Norman hamelet , corresponding to Old French hamelet ,

2340-574: The loose meaning of "small village". In Mississippi , a 2009 state law (§ 17-27-5) set aside the term "municipal historical hamlet" to designate any former city, town, or village with a current population of less than 600 inhabitants that lost its charter before 1945. The first such designation was applied to Bogue Chitto, Lincoln County . In New York, hamlets are unincorporated settlements within towns . Hamlets are not legal entities and have no local government or official boundaries. Their approximate locations will often be noted on road signs, however,

2392-556: The mountains) or scattered (more often in the plains). In North West Germany, a group of scattered farms is called Bauerschaft . In a Weiler, there are no street names, the houses are just numbered. There is no legal definition of a hamlet in Germany. In Bavaria, like in Austria, a Weiler is defined as a settlement with 3 to 9 dwellings, from 10 houses it is called a village. A hamlet does not usually form its own administrative unit, but

2444-553: The name from the hamlet of Exshaw, Alberta in the Canadian Rockies , and was first described from outcrops on the banks of Jura Creek north of Exshaw by P.S. Warren in 1937. The formation is of Late Devonian (late Famennian ) to Early Mississippian (middle Tournaisian ) age as determined by conodont biostratigraphy , and it straddles the Devonian - Carboniferous boundary. The Exshaw strata were deposited in

2496-404: The need for more capital a new company was incorporated in 1906 and a new plant completed by 1908. A peak on Door Jam Mountain, above the hamlet and plant, is named after him. The Loder name is still connected with the area. Roy Zeller ( c. 1896-1947) from Kitchener , Ontario , and married to Lucille, 1896–1982, established together a garage in Exshaw about 1926. During the summers Lucille ran

2548-513: The park of the Château de Versailles , and the Hameau de Chantilly built by Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé in Chantilly, Oise . The German word for hamlet is Weiler ( German: [ˈva͡ɪlɐ] ). A Weiler has, compared to a Dorf (village), no infrastructure (i.e. no inn, no school, no store, no church). The houses and farms of a Weiler can be grouped (in the hills and

2600-431: The roads serving them). Others, such as Forestville, New York , will be the remnants of former villages, with borders coextant with the previously defined borders of the defunct or dissolved village. Some hamlets proximate to urban areas are sometimes continuous with their cities and appear to be neighborhoods, but they still are under the jurisdiction of the town. Some localities designated as hamlets, such as Levittown in

2652-402: The staff of WCC&C. Robert D. Hassan, an American mechanical engineer, was hired in 1906 to build a mill in Exshaw, Alberta for the Western Canada Cement and Coal Company. He was assisted in building the plant by Alexander Graham Christie , 1880–1964, a mechanical and electrical engineering graduate from the University of Toronto, who later in 1909 became associate professor of engineering at

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2704-473: The west of Heart Mountain, is his namesake. In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Exshaw had a population of 449 living in 170 of its 185 total private dwellings, a change of 9% from its 2016 population of 412. With a land area of 1.55 km (0.60 sq mi), it had a population density of 289.7/km (750.3/sq mi) in 2021. As a designated place in the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Exshaw had

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