39-458: F1 Academy is a female -only, junior-level single-seater racing championship founded by Formula One . The championship is a spec series , meaning that all teams compete with an identical Tatuus F4-T421 chassis and tyre compounds developed by Pirelli . Each car is powered by a 174-horsepower turbocharged 4-cylinder engine developed by Autotecnica Motori, a Tatuus subsidiary. F1 Academy held its inaugural season in 2023. The Teams' title
78-436: A monocoque chassis which feature a number of enhanced safety features including the new Halo device and improved side impact protection, and will have a six-speed paddle-shift sequential gearbox . In the 2019 and 2020 seasons, the car was powered by a Alfa Romeo 270PS (200kW) turbo engine tuned by Autotecnica. After the merge with Formula Renault Eurocup for the 2021 season the championship uses Renault engines. From 2022,
117-426: A sexual system termed gynodioecy . In a few species, female individuals coexist with males and hermaphrodites ; this sexual system is called trioecy . In Thor manningi (a species of shrimp), females coexist with males and protandrous hermaphrodites . A distinguishing characteristic of the class Mammalia is the presence of mammary glands . Mammary glands are modified sweat glands that produce milk, which
156-500: A 1.4-litre turbocharged 4 cylinder , capable of delivering 174 horsepower at 5500 rpm. Female An organism 's sex is female ( symbol : ♀ ) if it produces the ovum (egg cell), the type of gamete (sex cell) that fuses with the male gamete (sperm cell) during sexual reproduction . A female has larger gametes than a male . Females and males are results of the anisogamous reproduction system , wherein gametes are of different sizes (unlike isogamy where they are
195-557: A 20-minute race where the top 8 drivers from qualifying had their starting positions reversed. The final of the seven events was a Formula One support race during the United States Grand Prix . On 31 March 2023, Formula One CEO Stefano Domenicali announced that the 2024 season would take place exclusively on select Formula One weekends, joining Formula 2 , Formula 3 and the Porsche Supercup as part of
234-479: A driver who finished P1, P2 or P3 in the F1 Academy standings. 2023 champion Marta García received a fully funded seat in the championship for 2024, courtesy of F1 Academy, PREMA Racing , Tatuus and Pirelli . However, FRECA is not the only option for progression, as the series announced that "each season F1 Academy will work in close collaboration with the F1 Academy teams to support its winner in progressing up
273-431: A male, while an X sperm and an X egg produce a female. The ZW sex-determination system , where females have ZW (as opposed to ZZ in males) sex chromosomes, is found in birds, reptiles and some insects and other organisms. The young of some species develop into one sex or the other depending on local environmental conditions, e.g. the sex of crocodilians is influenced by the temperature of their eggs. Other species (such as
312-406: A person's sex or gender identity . The word can also refer to the shape of connectors and fasteners , such as screws, electrical pins, and technical equipment. Under this convention, sockets and receptacles are called female, and the corresponding plugs male . Females produce ova , the larger gametes in a heterogamous reproduction system , while the smaller and usually motile gametes,
351-432: A range of people without reference to age (e.g., girls ) or social status (e.g., lady ). As an adjective, female is still used in some contexts, particularly when the sex of the person is relevant, such as female athletes or to distinguish a male nurse from a female one. Biological sex is conceptually distinct from gender , although they are often used interchangeably. The adjective female can describe
390-615: A small cross underneath, is commonly used to represent females. Joseph Justus Scaliger once speculated that the symbol was associated with Venus, goddess of beauty , because it resembles a bronze mirror with a handle, but modern scholars consider that fanciful, and the most established view is that the female and male symbols derive from contractions in Greek script of the Greek names of the planets Thouros (Mars) and Phosphoros (Venus). Formula Regional European Championship The Formula Regional European Championship by Alpine ( FRECA )
429-465: Is a FIA -certified regional European Formula 3 racing series. On 12 October 2018, it was announced that the Italian autosport regulator Automobile Club d'Italia (ACI) and karting promoter WSK would organize the inaugural year of the championship in 2019. Their bid was chosen over Renault Sport 's bid with the same chassis, who attracted fewer votes from Single-Seater Commission members. Following
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#1732790927033468-406: Is also a hypothesis that female genital evolution is the result of pleiotropy , i.e. unrelated genes that are affected by environmental conditions like low food also affect genitals. This hypothesis is unlikely to apply to a significant number of species, but natural selection in general has some role in female genital evolution. The symbol ♀ ( Unicode : U+2640 Alt codes : Alt+12), a circle with
507-488: Is no fossil record of its emergence. Numerous theories exist as to why anisogamy emerged. Many share a common thread, in that larger female gametes are more likely to survive, and that smaller male gametes are more likely to find other gametes because they can travel faster. Current models often fail to account for why isogamy remains in a few species. Anisogamy appears to have evolved multiple times from isogamy; for example female Volvocales (a type of green algae) evolved from
546-555: Is not limited to animals; egg cells are produced by chytrids , diatoms , water moulds and land plants , among others. In land plants, female and male designate not only the egg- and sperm-producing organisms and structures, but also the structures of the sporophytes that give rise to male and female plants . Species that are divided into females and males are classified as gonochoric in animals, as dioecious in seed plants and as dioicous in cryptogams . In some species, female and hermaphrodite individuals may coexist,
585-410: Is primarily contested by young drivers seeking a professional racing career. The driver champions receive FIA Super License points. The series is intended to be a stepping stone between Formula 4 and the international FIA Formula 3 Championship . Until 2024, while no Formula Regional Europe driver had yet reached Formula One , many FRECA drivers had subsequently competed in its direct feeder series,
624-494: Is used to feed the young for some time after birth. Only mammals produce milk . Mammary glands are obvious in humans , because the female human body stores large amounts of fatty tissue near the nipples, resulting in prominent breasts . Mammary glands are present in all mammals, although they are normally redundant in males of the species. Most mammalian females have two copies of the X chromosome , while males have only one X and one smaller Y chromosome ; some mammals, such as
663-575: The FIA Formula 2 Championship . Andrea Kimi Antonelli and Gabriel Bortoleto will be the first drivers from the series to make it into Formula One, scheduled to drive for the Mercedes-AMG Petronas F1 Team and for Stake F1 Team Kick Sauber respectively starting from the 2025 Formula One season . The championship features Tatuus -designed and built cars. The cars will be constructed out of carbon fibre and feature
702-433: The goby ) can transform, as adults, from one sex to the other in response to local reproductive conditions (such as a brief shortage of males). The question of how females evolved is mainly a question of why males evolved. The first organisms reproduced asexually, usually via binary fission , wherein a cell splits itself in half. From a strict numbers perspective, a species that is half males/half females can produce half
741-449: The platypus , have different combinations. One of the female's X chromosomes is randomly inactivated in each cell of placental mammals while the paternally derived X is inactivated in marsupials. In birds and some reptiles, by contrast, it is the female which is heterozygous and carries a Z and a W chromosome while the male carries two Z chromosomes. In mammals, females can have XXX or X . Mammalian females bear live young , with
780-484: The spermatozoa , are produced by males. Generally, a female cannot reproduce sexually without access to the gametes of a male, and vice versa, but in some species females can reproduce by themselves asexually , for example via parthenogenesis . Patterns of sexual reproduction include: Other than the defining difference in the type of gamete produced, differences between males and females in one lineage cannot always be predicted by differences in another. The concept
819-690: The 2020 season, the Formula Renault Eurocup merged with the Formula Regional European Championship to become the Formula Regional European Championship by Alpine. The championship's first season featured eight rounds on the circuits across Europe with half of them in Italy. Like other Formula Regional championships, it serves as a development series as part of the FIA Global Pathway , and
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#1732790927033858-646: The 2022 season, the series was battling financial issues and was put into administration and liquidated. On 18 November 2022, Formula One announced the creation of F1 Academy, a racing series for women aiming to focus on developing and preparing young drivers to progress to higher levels of competition. It was created to help smooth the transition from karting to the single-seater ladder. The five teams that are currently participating in F1 Academy are ART Grand Prix , Campos Racing , Rodin Motorsport , MP Motorsport and Prema Racing . On 1 March 2023, Susie Wolff
897-472: The cars feature a push-to-pass system. When pressed, the engine temporarily produces extra power for a period of 15 seconds. Push-to-pass can be used five times during a race. Unlike DRS in Formula One, the push-to-pass system can be used at any time during a race. One 2024 estimate puts the cost of competing in a front-running car at around € 1,000,000 per season. The minimum for "back-marker" cars
936-502: The course of an organism's life. The sex of most mammals, including humans, is genetically determined by the XY sex-determination system where females have XX (as opposed to XY in males) sex chromosomes . It is also possible in a variety of species, including humans, to have other karyotypes . During reproduction , the male contributes either an X sperm or a Y sperm, while the female always contributes an X egg. A Y sperm and an X egg produce
975-459: The exception of monotreme females, which lay eggs. Some non-mammalian species, such as guppies , have analogous reproductive structures; and some other non-mammals, such as some sharks , also bear live young. In sex determination for mammals, female is the default sex, while in the poplar genus Populus the default is male. The sex of a particular organism may be determined by genetic or environmental factors, or may naturally change during
1014-484: The late 14th century the English spelling was altered to parallel that of male . It has been used as both noun and adjective since the 14th century. Originally, from its first appearance in the 1300s, female exclusively referred to humans and always indicated that the speaker spoke of a woman or a girl. A century later, the meaning was expanded to include non-human female organisms. For several centuries, using
1053-549: The motorsport ladder". The 2024 champion will receive a fully funded seat in the 2025 GB3 Championship with Rodin Motorsport . F1 Academy cars are built on the Tatuus F4-T421 chassis used in Formula 4 championships globally since 2022, although modified front and rear wings make the aero package unique. The tyres are provided by Formula One partner Pirelli . The engine is supplied by Autotecnica Motori and consists of
1092-400: The offspring an asexual population can, because only the females are having offspring. Being male can also carry significant costs, such as in flashy sexual displays in animals (such as big antlers or colorful feathers), or needing to produce an outsized amount of pollen as a plant in order to get a chance to fertilize a female. Yet despite the costs of being male, there must be some advantage to
1131-928: The plus mating type . Although sexual evolution emerged at least 1.2 billion years ago, the lack of anisogamous fossil records make it hard to pinpoint when females evolved. Female sex organs (genitalia, in animals) have an extreme range of variation among species and even within species. The evolution of female genitalia remains poorly understood compared to male genitalia, reflecting a now-outdated belief that female genitalia are less varied than male genitalia, and thus less useful to study. The difficulty of reaching female genitalia has also complicated their study. New 3D technology has made female genital study simpler. Genitalia evolve very quickly. There are three main hypotheses as to what impacts female genital evolution: lock-and-key (genitals must fit together), cryptic female choice (females affect whether males can fertilize them), and sexual conflict (a sort of sexual arms race). There
1170-459: The process. The advantages are explained by the evolution of anisogamy , which led to the evolution of male and female function. Before the evolution of anisogamy, mating types in a species were isogamous : the same size and both could move, catalogued only as "+" or "-" types. In anisogamy, the mating cells are called gametes. The female gamete is larger than the male gamete, and usually immotile. Anisogamy remains poorly understood, as there
1209-512: The reproductive system , as with mammary glands in mammals. In humans, the word female can also be used to refer to gender in the social sense of gender role or gender identity . The word female comes from the Latin femella , the diminutive form of femina , meaning " woman ", by way of the Old French femelle . It is not etymologically related to the word male , but in
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1248-471: The same size). The exact mechanism of female gamete evolution remains unknown. In species that have males and females, sex-determination may be based on either sex chromosomes , or environmental conditions. Most female mammals , including female humans , have two X chromosomes . Characteristics of organisms with a female sex vary between different species, having different female reproductive systems , with some species showing characteristics secondary to
1287-440: The season, with Alex Brundle and Jordan King joining her as co-commentators. For the 2023 season, Formula One subsidised the cost of each car, with drivers having to contribute €150,000. This was reduced to €100,000 for the 2024 season . Also for 2024, all ten Formula One teams support one driver each who carries the team's livery on their car. The remaining five drivers are supported by the series' partners. On 3 May 2023, it
1326-505: The support bill. This required a change to the race weekend format, reducing the number of races to two by removing the reverse-grid race. The 2024 season also saw the addition of FIA Super Licence points and wild card entries. The top five drivers in the championship earn points towards an FIA Super Licence, with 10 for the champion, 7 for the runner-up, 5 for third-place, 3 for fourth, and 1 for fifth. Wild card entries will be introduced at specific rounds in order to promote and strengthen
1365-428: The talent pool in the areas where the series races. These entries will be operated as a fourth car by the reigning teams' champion Prema Racing, with the driver eligible to score points in the drivers' standings. F1 Academy drivers must be between the ages of 16 and 25, and cannot race for more than two seasons in the series. The Formula Regional European Championship has guaranteed a fourth entry to any team that signs
1404-573: The word female as a noun was considered more respectful than calling her a woman or a lady and was preferred for that reason; however, by 1895, the linguistic fashion had changed, and female was often considered disparaging, usually on the grounds that it grouped humans with other animals. In the 21st century, the noun female is primarily used to describe non-human animals, to refer to biologically female humans in an impersonal technical context (e.g., "Females were more likely than males to develop an autoimmune disease"), or to impartially include
1443-439: Was announced that Reese Witherspoon's production company Hello Sunshine would be creating a docuseries about F1 Academy. On 3 May 2024, exactly one year later, it was announced that the show would be available to stream on Netflix in 2025. The 2023 season consisted of seven event weekends with three races each, for a total of 21 races, plus fifteen days of official testing. Each race weekend included two 30-minute races, and
1482-530: Was appointed the managing director for the series. The initial season of the series was controversially not broadcast, with the exception of the season finale at the Circuit of the Americas . Every race of the second season will be broadcast, with live viewing available from a total of 23 broadcasters in more than 160 international territories. Formula E presenter Nicki Shields became the lead commentator for
1521-517: Was won by Prema Racing , with Prema driver Marta García winning the Drivers' title. The championship traces its roots back to 2004, when Formula Woman was established due to the lack of female drivers in other series. In 2019, the W Series was created for the same reason and was held for over three seasons, and the planned 2020 season was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic . However, after
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