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100-548: The car was designated "GA" as a mark of respect to Gianni Agnelli , the recently deceased head of Fiat . The car was introduced just before mid season in 2003, as the F2002 was seen as good enough to be competitive whilst the F2003-GA was developed further. The car was fast and competitive as it won 3 out its first 4 races, but had a tendency to overuse its tyres, which led to several late race tyre problems in mid seasons, causing

200-568: A pentito and collaborator of justice, he was quoted as saying: "He said he was obsessively a fan of Juventus? If you meet him, tell him it's the only thing he won't have to regret [a play on the word pentito , which comes from pentire , meaning in English 'to regret']." Piedmont Piedmont ( / ˈ p iː d m ɒ n t / PEED -mont ; Italian : Piemonte , pronounced [pjeˈmonte] ; Piedmontese : Piemont , [pjeˈmʊŋt] ), located in northwest Italy ,

300-520: A syndicate with Rockefeller that for a time in the 1980s owned Rockefeller Center . He was also an honorary member of the International Olympic Committee , a position he held until his death, and was named in 2000 the committee honorary president for Torino 2006 , of which he was an instrumental promoter. Agnelli stepped down in 1996 but stayed on as Fiat's honorary chairman until his death. Giovanni Alberto Agnelli ,

400-587: A dinner in 1962, Santos F.C. was offered one million for Pelé by Umberto. In 1962, he sent Boniperti to Chile to sign Pelé with an offer of one hundred million, which the Brazilian Football Federation did not authorise for the transfer. He was instrumental in signing Michel Platini , of whom he said: "We bought him for a piece of bread and he's put foie gras on top of it." He gave several notable nicknames to footballers, such Zbigniew Boniek ( bello di notte , or "Beauty at night", which

500-528: A failed agreement with Ford Motor Company , Agnelli bought Alfa Romeo from the Italian state. In the 1990s, as Fiat was unable to make inroads into the non-European automotive markets, Agnelli decided to form an alliance with General Motors . The agreement provided for General Motors to sell 5% of their shares in exchange for 20% of the Fiat Group's package, with the possibility after two years and within

600-450: A member of the PD who had been mayor of Turin from 2001 to 2011. Chiamparino was in charge until the 2019 Piedmontese regional election , when Alberto Cirio of Forza Italia became the new president of the region. Piedmont is divided into eight provinces. As in the rest of Italy, Italian is the official national language. The main local languages are Piedmontese , Insubric (spoken in

700-411: A non-ideological, centrist political formation of Atlanticist and pro-European persuasion that sought a modernising, internationalist capitalism in contrast to the left and opposed to the populist, nationalist, or fascist right. He received his first public assignment in 1961 when, on the occasion of the celebrations for the first centenary of the unification of Italy , he was appointed president of

800-556: A period in which Fiat was temporarily ruled by Vittorio Valletta while he was learning how his family's company worked. Agnelli raised Fiat to become the most important company in Italy, and one of the major car-builders of Europe, amid the Italian economic miracle . He was considered the king of Italian business from the 1960s to the 1980s. He also developed an accessory business, with minor companies, such as Fiat Velivoli, operating in

900-430: A rescue strategy for the company. Morchio was expected to continue to run the Fiat Group as it attempted to claw its way out of its latest financial crisis. Upon Umberto's death, Ferrari chairman Luca Cordero di Montezemolo was named Fiat chairman, with Elkann as vice chairman; Morchio immediately offered his resignation. His successor was Sergio Marchionne , an expert of reorganisation who between 2002 and 2004 led

1000-480: A slight drop in form during the unusually hot European summer . As a result, Williams and McLaren were able to mount a consistent challenge to Ferrari and push Michael Schumacher for the championship. After Bridgestone engineers discovered Michelin were using tyres which changed construction, causing the French tyre maker to provide remoulded tyres late in the season. Ferrari became competitive again as it won

1100-528: A total of 23 official trophies in 48 years, which made him one of the most important personalities in sports history. He daily called at 6 am Boniperti, such as when he convinced him to become Juventus chairman in 1971, and Juventus players to see how they were doing. Agnelli liked footballers like Stanley Matthews and Garrincha , as well as Pelé , Diego Armando Maradona , Johan Cruijff , and Alfredo Di Stéfano , whom his club tried to sign. In 1958, Agnelli sought to purchase Pelé through Fiat's shares. In

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1200-564: A world day of prayer in Assisi . His son, who seemed burdened by the mantle of his surname, committed suicide on 15 November 2000 by jumping off a bridge near Turin; Agnelli joined police at the scene. The Agnellis had one daughter, Countess Margherita Agnelli de Pahlen . She is the mother of John Elkann , Lapo Elkann , and Ginevra Elkann . She has five other children from her second marriage to Count Serge de Pahlen: Maria de Pahlen, Peter de Pahlen, Anna de Pahlen, and Tatiana de Pahlen. Into

1300-532: A world record price of CHF14,630,000 (US$ 14,873,327). ( key ) (results in bold indicate pole position, results in italics indicate fastest lap) * 32 points scored with the F2002B Gianni Agnelli Giovanni " Gianni " Agnelli Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI OML OMCA CGVM CMG ( Italian: [ˈdʒanni aɲˈɲɛlli] ; 12 March 1921 – 24 January 2003), nicknamed L'Avvocato ("The Lawyer"),

1400-472: Is 43.3% mountainous, along with extensive areas of hills (30.3%) and plains (26.4%). Piedmont is the second largest of Italy's 20 regions, after Sicily . It is broadly coincident with the upper part of the drainage basin of the river Po , which rises from the slopes of Monviso in the west of the region and is Italy's largest river. The Po drains the semicircle formed by the Alps and Apennines , which surround

1500-637: Is a fertile agricultural region. The main agricultural products in Piedmont are cereals , including rice , representing more than 10% of national production, maize , grapes for wine -making, fruit and milk . With more than 800,000 head of cattle in 2000, livestock production accounts for half of total agricultural production in Piedmont. Piedmont is one of the great winegrowing regions in Italy. More than half of its 700 km (170,000 acres) of vineyards are registered with DOC designations. It produces prestigious wines as Barolo and Barbaresco from

1600-547: Is a key factor in the creation of long-lasting value and working in a cooperative and collaborative perspective is essential, the network of the Royal Residences represents an example worth of notice. Piedmont has many small and picturesque villages, 20 of them have been selected by I Borghi più belli d'Italia (English: The most beautiful Villages of Italy ), a non-profit private association of small Italian towns of strong historical and artistic interest, that

1700-670: Is a play on the title of Luis Buñuel 's movie Belle de Jour ), Roberto Baggio ( Raffaello , after an Italian Renaissance painter, best known as Raphael ), and Alessandro Del Piero ( Pinturicchio , after the nickname of another Italian Renaissance painter, Bernardino di Betto ), and Ahead of the 1996 UEFA Champions League final won by Juventus against Ajax , he said: "If they are a team of Flemish painters, we will be tough Piedmontese." His grandson, John Elkann , as well as his nephew, Andrea Agnelli , followed his footsteps at Juventus. In 1999, Juventus improved their own record of having won all five major UEFA competitions by winning

1800-744: Is in Novara by MEMC. Olivetti , once a major electronics industry whose plants were in Scarmagno and Ivrea , has now turned into a small-scale computer service company and no longer produces computers. Leonardo Elettronica in Turin-Caselle develops and manufactures airborne mission systems and airborne computers. Machine building has a long tradition in Piedmont with the manufacturing of excavators, telescopic handlers, industrial refrigerators, printing machines, paper machines, packaging machines, glass machines, turbines, and high-speed trains. One of

1900-676: Is less frequent and occasional in the northeast areas. Summers are hot with local possibilities of strong thunderstorms. Below are listed other towns of Piedmont with more than 20,000 inhabitants sorted by population. Piedmont was inhabited in early historic times by Celtic - Ligurian tribes such as the Taurini and the Salassi . They were later subdued by the Romans ( c.  220 BC ), who founded several colonies there including Augusta Taurinorum (Turin) and Eporedia ( Ivrea ). After

2000-545: Is located in Piedmont. Below are showed some basic stages of wool processing (not complete). One of Italy's four industrial jewellery districts is located in Valenza . Large jewellery companies such as Damiani , Bulgari , and Cartier have factories here as do many other smaller companies. Since 2006, the Piedmont region has benefited from the start of the Slow Food movement and Terra Madre , events that highlighted

2100-447: Is lower than the national average. In 2008, it was equal to 174 inhabitants per km , compared to the national figure of about 200. The Metropolitan City of Turin has 335 inhabitants per km , whereas Verbano-Cusio-Ossola is the least densely populated province, with 72 inhabitants per km . The population of Piedmont followed a downward trend throughout the 1980s, a result of the natural negative balance (of some 3 to 4% per year), while

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2200-584: Is one of the 20 regions of Italy . It borders the Liguria region to the south, the Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna regions to the east, and the Aosta Valley region to the northwest. Piedmont also borders Switzerland to the north and France to the west. Piedmont has an area of 25,402 km (9,808 sq mi), making it the second-largest region of Italy after Sicily . As of 31 January 2021,

2300-708: The Marcia dei quarantamila  [ it ] in 1980, he also had relatively amicable relations with the Italian Communist Party (PCI), particularly during the leadership of Enrico Berlinguer ; in 2013, Giorgio Napolitano , former PCI member and then president of Italy, described it as "sincere cordiality and sympathy". Several notable PCI leaders, such as Palmiro Togliatti , Luciano Lama , and Berlinguer, and allegedly Antonio Gramsci , were supporters of Agnelli's Juventus. Like other family members, such as his grandfather, Agnelli sought to create

2400-467: The 2010 Piedmontese regional election , which took place on 29–30 March, Roberto Cota of Lega Nord defeated incumbent Mercedes Bresso of the Democratic Party (PD). For the 2014 Piedmontese regional election , Cota chose not to stand again for president and the parties composing his coalition failed to agree on a single candidate, resulting in a landslide victory for Sergio Chiamparino ,

2500-461: The 2020–21 season ) between them (36 titles won by Juventus and seven by Torino), more than any other city in Italy. Juventus is the most successful club in Italy, having won the most league titles (36), Coppa Italia titles (14), and Supercoppa Italiana titles (9) of any team in the country; Juventus Women , established in 2017, also achieved success, immediately becoming one of the country's most successful women's teams. Other smaller teams include

2600-711: The COVID-19 pandemic ). The economy of Piedmont is anchored on a rich history of state support for higher education, including some of the leading universities in Italy. Piedmont is home to the famous University of Turin , the Polytechnic University of Turin , the University of Eastern Piedmont , and more recently the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute . The population density in Piedmont

2700-638: The County of Savoy , with a capital at Chambéry (now in France). Other areas remained independent, such as the powerful comuni (municipalities) of Asti and Alessandria and the marquisates of Saluzzo and Montferrat . The County of Savoy became the Duchy of Savoy in 1416, and Duke Emanuele Filiberto moved the seat to Turin in 1563. In 1720, the Duke of Savoy became King of Sardinia , founding what evolved into

2800-766: The Expo 61 . In the 1970s, there were talks of forming a secular bloc between the Italian Liberal Party , PSDI, and PRI, and take over the place of the DC. Ahead of the 1976 Italian general election , then PRI secretary Ugo La Malfa offered Agnelli a candidacy on the party lists; in turn, Agnelli offered his disponibility to be the Ambassador of the Italian Republic to the United States . The DC

2900-479: The Gran Paradiso National Park , between Piedmont and the Aosta Valley . Piedmont has a typically temperate climate , which on the Alps becomes progressively temperate-cold and colder as it climbs to altitude. In areas located at low altitudes, winters are relatively cold but not very rainy and often sunny, with the possibility of snowfall, sometimes abundant. Snowfall, on the other hand,

3000-834: The Intertoto Cup , the next year was voted the seventh best of the FIFA Club of the Century and in 2009 was placed by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics second in the European best club of the 20th-century ranking, the highest position for an Italian club in both; by the early 2000s, the club had the third best revenue in Europe at over €200 million. This all changed when, three years after his death, Calciopoli controversially hit

3100-643: The Kingdom of Sardinia and increasing Turin's importance as a European capital. The Republic of Alba was created in 1796 as a French client republic in Piedmont. A new client republic, the Piedmontese Republic , existed between 1798 and 1799 before it was reoccupied by Austrian and Russian troops. In June 1800 a third client republic, the Subalpine Republic , was established in Piedmont. It fell under full French control in 1801 and it

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3200-750: The Langhe near Alba , and the Moscato d'Asti and sparkling Asti from the vineyards around Asti . The city of Asti is about 55 km (34 mi) east of Turin in the plain of the Tanaro River and is one of the most important centres of Montferrat , one of the best known Italian wine districts in the world, declared officially on 22 June 2014 a UNESCO World Heritage site. Indigenous grape varieties include Nebbiolo , Barbera , Dolcetto , Freisa , Grignolino and Brachetto . Tourism in Piedmont employs 75,534 people and involves 17,367 companies operating in

3300-614: The Piedmont region, of which he served as mayor until 1980. His father was the prominent Italian industrialist Edoardo Agnelli . His maternal grandmother was American; his mother was Princess Virginia Bourbon del Monte , daughter of Carlo, 4th Prince of San Faustino, head of a noble family established in Perugia , who was married with the American heiress Jane Allen Campbell. Agnelli was named after his grandfather Giovanni Agnelli ,

3400-619: The Swiss border . The region has the longest motorway network amongst the Italian regions (about 800 km). It radiates from Turin, connecting it with the other provinces in the region, as well as with the other regions in Italy. In 2001, the number of passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants was 623 (above the national average of 575). There is a Turin–Milan high-speed railway , travel time is only 52 minutes. Turin-Caselle International Airport has domestic and international flights and handle 3,952,158 passengers and 3,334 tons of cargo in 2019 (before

3500-685: The United States , in Piedmont only the production of New Holland excavators in San Mauro Torinese and IVECO diesel engines in Turin ). Neither of them are headquartered in Turin anymore, however, some research and development centres are still working. Formerly famous automotive design companies also were sold to global automotive groups: Italdesign Giugiaro to Volkswagen , Ghia to Ford , Pininfarina to Mahindra ; Bertone went into bankruptcy in 2014. The massive decline in

3600-508: The War Cross of Military Valor . After the armistice of Cassibile , Agnelli became a liaison officer with the occupying American troops due to his fluency in English. His grandfather, who had manufactured vehicles for the Axis powers during the war, was forced to retire from Fiat but named Valletta to be his successor. His grandfather died, leaving him head of the family but Valletta running

3700-650: The 2020s, the de Pahlens remain involved in a dispute with the Elkanns over Agnelli's inheritance. Agnelli became president of Fiat in 1966. He opened factories in many places, including the Soviet Union in the Russian city of Tolyatti , Spain, and South America, such as Automóveis in Brasil; he also started international alliances and joint-ventures like Iveco , which marked a new industrial mentality. During

3800-515: The CEO of the bank, eventually developed a close friendship with Agnelli, despite previous tensions. At the time of his death in 2003, Fiat was worth €3.3 billion; Agnelli's inheritance was twenty-five times bigger by 2023. Nicknamed L'Avvocato ("The Lawyer") because he had a degree in law even though he was never admitted to the Order of Lawyers, Agnelli was the most important figure in Italian economy,

3900-484: The French, British and United States Grands Prix. Vodafone continued to sponsor the team for second year with a new sponsorship from Olympus . On 11 December 2003, after the season had finished, Michael Schumacher raced the car against a Eurofighter Typhoon of the Italian Air Force over several measured distances to determine which was faster, the aircraft or the car. The German won the first run, over

4000-686: The Italian Republic. He joined the For the Autonomies group and was admitted to the Defense Commission of the Senate. In 1994, he was among the three life senators (together with Giovanni Leone and Cossiga) to vote their confidence in the Berlusconi I Cabinet ; it was the first time in the history of Italy that life senators were decisive for the confidence in an executive. When Berlusconi

4100-649: The Lake District ("Piedmont's riviera"), which accounts for 32.84% of total overnight stays, and the metropolitan area of Turin, which accounts for 26.51%. In 2006, Turin hosted the XX Olympic Winter Games , and in 2007 it hosted the XXIII Universiade . Alpine tourism tends to concentrate in a few highly developed stations like Alagna Valsesia and Sestriere . Around 1980, the long-distance trail Grande Traversata delle Alpi (GTA)

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4200-603: The Swiss certification company Societé Générale de Surveillance ; Elkann played a key role when he brought Marchionne to Fiat. Agnelli died in 2003 of prostate cancer at age 81 in Turin . Fiat-owned Scuderia Ferrari named their 2003 Formula One contender, the F2003-GA , in tribute to Agnelli. Juventus and the Italian Football Federation were also in mourning over his death. In 2021, to celebrate

4300-903: The automotive industry caused other regions like Veneto (€163 billion in 2018) and Emilia-Romagna (€161 billion in 2018) to surpass Piedmont (€137 billion in 2018) in GDP and led to relative high unemployment. The peak of Italian motor vehicle production is reached in 1989 with 2.22 million units, but in 2019 (before the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy ) it was only 0.92 million units. Even existing Italian car production now relocated to South Italy , such as in Pomigliano d'Arco (140,478 in 2020), Melfi (229,848 in 2020), and Atessa (257,026 in 2020), because of cost cutting. There are some automotive suppliers of: There are some important companies in high-tech manufacturing: Comau (industrial robots) and Prima Industrie (laser equipment). Silicon wafer production

4400-486: The beautiful things in life. It's not enough to be rich to appreciate beauty. Taste cannot be bought." About Agnelli's favoured Formula One drivers, Elkann said: "His favourite driver was the one who won. I think that's why he loved Michael Schumacher. Then he liked Gilles Villeneuve , his way of driving. And Ayrton Senna , who, had he not died so tragically, would have come to Ferrari the following year. He loved talent and courage and also recognised them in his opponents. He

4500-481: The centenary of Agnelli's birth, a special postage stamp was issued. The figure of Agnelli was intimately linked to the history of Juventus , the association football team of Turin of which he was appointed president from 1947 to 1954. His activity had an impact within the club similar to that of his father, Edoardo Agnelli , twenty years earlier, acquiring important players, such as Giampiero Boniperti , John Hansen , and Karl Aage Præst , who were decisive for

4600-668: The city of Turin, which established the Pinacoteca Giovanni e Marella Agnelli. His only son, Edoardo Agnelli , was born in New York City on 9 June 1954, seven months after the couple's wedding at the Château d'Osthoffen in France. He gave up trying to groom him to take over Fiat, seeing how the boy was more interested in mysticism than making cars; his son studied religion at Princeton University and took part in

4700-593: The city that has always been in his heart." About Schumacher, he was quoted as saying that "this German is very dear to me, in the sense that he costs me dearly, but he is worth it." In an interview with Oggi , Agnelli's grandson Lapo Elkann said: "He saved the Prancing Horse , preventing it from being sold to the Americans. Then he chose the right people: [former Ferrari chairman] Luca di Montezemolo and Jean Todt . He loved Ferrari cars and he loved all

4800-578: The club and its directors would have been defended properly, which could have avoided relegation and cleared the club's name much earlier than the Calciopoli trials of the 2010s. When Tangentopoli hit the country in the 1990s, Agnelli said: "My men must be defended to the last degree of judgement." Moggi, one of the two Juventus directors involved in the scandal, was nicknamed by Agnelli as "the king's groom, who must know all horse thieves". Moggi discussed how "Agnelli said that because during my time it

4900-400: The club increased. Whatever their intentions, it is argued they condemned Juventus: first when Carlo Zaccone, the club's lawyer, agreed for relegation to Serie B and point-deduction, when he made that statement because Juventus were the only club risking more than one-division relegation ( Serie C ), and he meant for Juventus (the sole club to be ultimately demoted) to have equal treatment with

5000-442: The club's four UEFA Champions League final in seven years, three of which were achieved consecutively; those in 1997, against Borussia Dortmund , and in 1998, against Real Madrid , were lost out controversially. In the words of Fulvio Bianchi, early 2000s Juventus were "stronger than all those that came after, and had €250 million in revenue, being at the top of Europe, and 100 sponsors. It took ten years to recover and return to

5100-409: The club, which was demoted to Serie B for the first time in its history despite the club being acquitted and the leagues were ruled to be regular; it was his nephew, Andrea Agnelli , who built the club back up in the 2010s. When Agnelli died in 2003, Juventus had won the 2001–02 Serie A at the last matchday, and a few months after his death had reached the 2003 UEFA Champions League final ,

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5200-465: The club, Agnelli remained linked to Juventus by carrying out various management activities as honorary president, with which he was able to maintain his influence on the club until 1994, the year in which he handed over these activities to his brother Umberto. Agnelli led Juventus to ten Italian football champion titles, four Italy Cups , one Intercontinental Cup , one European Cup , one Cup Winners' Cup , three UEFA Cups , and one UEFA Super Cup , for

5300-581: The company. After the pre-war Topolino, Italy's first inexpensive mass-produced car, Fiat in the mid-fiftees made a bestseller with the Fiat 600 . Prior to his marriage on 19 November 1953 to Marella Caracciolo dei Principi di Castagneto , a half-American, half-Neapolitan noblewoman who made a small but significant name as a fabric designer and a bigger name as a tastemaker, Agnelli was a noted playboy whose mistresses included actresses, such Anita Ekberg , Rita Hayworth , Linda Christian , Danielle Darrieux ,

5400-435: The conquest of two Serie A leagues in 1950 and 1952, the first won by the club in fifteen years. Agnelli also had an impact on the transformation at the corporate level during his management from a private club belonging to the rival car manufacturer Cisitalia , chaired by Piero Dusio , to an independent company with private capital with limited liability that achieved further successes. After his activity as president of

5500-583: The distance of 600 metres, thanks to the weight advantage of his car over the jet, but the Typhoon won the two remaining runs over the longer distances of 900 and 1200 metres, winning the overall race. In November 2022, chassis number 229, which Schumacher used to win 5 Grands Prix during the 2003 season, was sold at auction by RM Sotheby's during Sotheby’s Luxury Week in Geneva , Switzerland . The car, complete with engine and in full running condition, sold for

5600-653: The east and agreements with Poland, Turkey, and Yugoslavia were strengthened. In 1974, he was elected president of Confindustria and came to terms with the labour unions by signing the agreement for the single point of contingency with the CGIL by Luciano Lama . The 1980s saw increased sales for Fiat under Vittorio Ghidella, with successes such as the Fiat Uno , the Fiat Croma , and the Lancia Thema . In 1986, after

5700-571: The eastern part of the region), Occitan (spoken by a minority in the Occitan Valleys situated in the Province of Cuneo and the Metropolitan City of Turin ), and Franco-Provençal (spoken by another minority in the alpine heights of the Metropolitan City of Turin), like in the Susa Valley and Walser (spoken by a minority in the Province of Vercelli and Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola ). In association football , notable clubs in Piedmont include Turin -based Juventus and Torino , who have won 43 official top-flight league championships (as of

5800-439: The efforts of rural farmers. The House of Savoy became Kings of Italy , and Turin briefly became the capital of Italy. However, when the Italian capital was moved to Florence , and then to Rome , the administrative and institutional importance of Piedmont was reduced. The only recognition of Piedmont's historical role was that the crown prince of Italy was known as the Prince of Piedmont . After Italian unification, Piedmont

5900-406: The end of the 12th century. Piedmont is surrounded on three sides by the Alps , including Monviso , where the river Po rises, and Monte Rosa . It borders France ( Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur ), Switzerland ( Ticino and Valais ), and the Italian regions of Lombardy , Liguria , Aosta Valley , and for a very small part with Emilia Romagna . The geography of Piedmont

6000-444: The ex-Fiat plants now belong to other companies: aerospace is owned by Leonardo S.p.A. , turbo jet engines by General Electric , high-speed trains by Alstom , bearings by SKF . Fiat does not exist anymore as an independent company; car production belongs to Stellantis , and trucks, buses, tractors, agriculture and construction machines are produced by the independent company CNH Industrial (most manufacturing activity takes place in

6100-479: The fall of the Western Roman Empire , the region was successively invaded by the Burgundians , the Ostrogoths (5th century), East Romans , Lombards (6th century), and Franks (773). In the 9th–10th centuries there were further incursions by the Magyars , Saracens and Muslim Moors . At the time Piedmont, as part of the Kingdom of Italy within the Holy Roman Empire , was subdivided into several marches and counties. In 1046, Otto of Savoy added Piedmont to

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6200-467: The final 3 races of the season, and were able to hold off both Williams and McLaren for the Constructors' Championship, whilst Schumacher snatched his sixth Drivers' title, breaking Juan Manuel Fangio 's record which had stood for 46 years. The car won seven races, five pole positions, and five fastest laps before being replaced with the dominant F2004 in 2004, a car which was almost identical to its predecessor. Ferrari used ' Marlboro ' logos, except at

6300-437: The founder of the Italian car manufacturer Fiat . At the age of 14, his father was killed in a plane crash, and he was raised by his grandfather, who died on 16 December 1945, fifteen days after Agnelli's mother, Virginia, died in a car crash. Known as Gianni to differentiate from his grandfather, with whom he shared his first name, he inherited the command of Fiat and the Agnelli family assets in general in 1966, following

6400-413: The historical and cultural heritage of Piedmont and nowadays they play a central role in the tourism field. In a reality in which the tourism industry is characterized by an amalgam of several players and stakeholders, the creation of a system or network like the one of the Royal Residences represents an added benefit for the whole territory as well as a competitive edge. Therefore, considering that tourism

6500-547: The history of the world. Agnelli's dress style featured a foundation of classic suits. He had a large number of bespoke Caraceni suits, which were of high quality and classic design. He was known for wearing his wristwatch over his cuff and was regarded as conveying sprezzatura , the Italian art of making the difficult look easy. Agnelli's nickname "The Rake of the Riviera" inspired the classical menswear magazine The Rake . Politically, Agnelli did not join any party and remained an independent politician ; nonetheless, he

6600-439: The hospitality and catering sector, with 1,473 hotels and other tourist accommodation. The sector generates a turnover of €2,671 million, 3.3% of the €80,196 million total estimated spending on tourism in Italy. The region is popular with both foreign visitors and those from other parts of Italy. In 2002 there were 2,651,068 total arrivals, 1,124,696 (42%) of whom were foreign. The traditional leading areas for tourism in Piedmont are

6700-451: The international energy crisis of the 1970s , he sold part of the company to Lafico, a Libyan company owned by Muammar Gaddafi ; Agnelli would later repurchase these shares. He was also closely connected with Juventus , the most renowned Italian football club, of which he was a fan and the direct owner. In 1969 and 1970, Fiat was joined by Ferrari and Lancia . In the 1970s, which were marked by labour tensions, Fiat expanded to

6800-418: The letter J in some headline in the newspaper. Immediately I think of Juve." He also said: "Juve is for me the love of a lifetime, a source of joy and pride, but also of disappointment and frustration, however strong emotions, as can give a true and infinite love story." To the shouted cheering, in response to the question "Will Juventus win or the best team win?", Agnelli replied with irony: "I'm lucky, often

6900-460: The migratory balance since 1986 has again become positive because of immigration. The population remained stable in the 1990s. The Turin metro area grew rapidly in the 1950s and 1960s due to an increase of immigrants from southern Italy and Veneto and today it has a population of approximately two million. As of 2008 , the Italian national institute of statistics (ISTAT) estimated that 310,543 foreign-born immigrants lived in Piedmont, equal to 7.0% of

7000-431: The military industry. Agnelli was educated at Pinerolo Cavalry Academy, and studied law at the University of Turin , although he never practised law. He joined a tank regiment in June 1940 when Italy entered World War II on the side of the Axis powers . He fought on the Eastern Front , being wounded twice. He also served in a Fiat-built armoured-car division during the North African campaign , for which he received

7100-431: The most important industries in Piedmont is military aerospace with plants: Piedmont has several notable IT firms such as Olivetti and Arduino . Italy is the world's largest exporter of carded (71.8% in 2018) and combed (73.4% in 2018) wool fabrics. These are the only two types of fabrics not dominated by Chinese textile exports. There are three industrial districts that process wool in Italy. One of them, Biella ,

7200-539: The national team, while all Italians and fifty per cent of non-Italians support Ferrari." In 1996, upon the signing of Michael Schumacher , he said: "Of course, if now they don't win with Schumacher it's their fault..." In 1998, two years before Ferrari's return to dominance of the early 2000s with Schumacher, he said: "I wouldn't give up a Juve Scudetto for a Ferrari world championship." Upon his death in 2003, asked whether Agnelli loved more Juventus or Ferrari, Boniperti recalled: "I think Juve. And he loved Turin very much,

7300-678: The next eight years to buy the remaining 80% of Fiat if it was sold. In 1991, Agnelli was named an Italian senator for life and joined the independent parliamentary group; he was later named a member of the Senate of the Republic 's defence commission. In 1997, he briefly acquired de facto control of Telecom Italia . In the early 2000s, Agnelli made overtures to General Motors resulting in an agreement under which General Motors progressively became involved in Fiat. The crisis of Fiat came when Agnelli

7400-788: The old "Piedmont Quadrilateral" components Novara , Alessandria , Casale , and Pro Vercelli . With the pre- World War II success of Pro Vercelli in 1910s and Juventus in 1930s, as well as winning cycles of Torino during the Grande Torino years and Juventus in different eras since 1950, the region became the most successful in terms of championships won. Casale and Novese contributed with one scudetto each. Other local teams include volleyball teams Cuneo (male) and AGIL Novara (female), basketball teams Biella Basketball and Junior Casale, ice hockey team Hockey Club Turin, and roller hockey side Amatori Vercelli , who have won three league titles, an Italian Cup, and two CERS Cups . Turin hosted

7500-497: The other Bilderberg regulars became close friends, among them Henry Kissinger . He was also close to John F. Kennedy , and was a friend of Truman Capote . Another longtime associate was David Rockefeller , who appointed him to the International Advisory Committee of Chase Manhattan Bank , of which Rockefeller was chairman; Agnelli sat on this committee for thirty years. He was also a member of

7600-626: The other clubs; and then when Luca Cordero di Montezemolo retired the club's appeal to the Regional Administrative Court of Lazio, which could have cleared the club's name and avoid relegation, after FIFA threatened to suspend the FIGC from international play, a renounce for which then-FIFA president Sepp Blatter was thankful. Several observers, including former FIGC president Franco Carraro , argue that had Agnelli been alive, things would have been done differently, as

7700-525: The population was 4,269,714. The capital of Piedmont is Turin , which was also the capital of the Kingdom of Italy from 1861 to 1865. The French Piedmont , the Italian Piemonte , and other variant cognates come from the medieval Latin Pedemontium or Pedemontis , i.e. ad pedem montium , meaning "at the foot of the mountains" (referring to the Alps ), attested in documents from

7800-419: The press that "today in Italy a left-wing government is the only one that can make right-wing policies." Agnelli is the author of many aphorisms and quotations. The most notable of them are related to what he described as "the love of a lifetime", Juventus, about which he said "they are my life's companion, above all an emotion. It happens when I see those shirts enter the field. I even get excited when I read

7900-401: The region on three sides. The countryside is very diverse: from the rugged peaks of the massifs of Monte Rosa and Gran Paradiso to the damp rice paddies of Vercelli and Novara, from the gentle hillsides of the Langhe , Roero , and Montferrat to the plains. 7.6% of the entire territory is considered protected area . There are 56 different national or regional parks; one of the most famous is

8000-694: The rich agricultural and viticultural value of the Po Valley and northern Italy. A chain of food halls Eataly works in collaboration with Slow Food . Piedmont is the leading producer of confectionery, coffee, rice, and white truffles in Italy. It is ranked 3 of 20 for the production of quality DOC and DOCG wines with 1,982,718 hl, there are 17 DOCG wines of all possible types (white, red, sweet, sparkling). In 2019, Piedmont accounted for 16.5% of wine exports from Italy, ranking second behind Veneto , with 36%. The typical food industries in Piedmont are: The unemployment rate stood at 6.2% in 2023. Lowland Piedmont

8100-457: The socialite Pamela Harriman , and Jackie Kennedy . Although Agnelli continued to be involved with other women during his marriage, including Ekberg and the fashion designer Jackie Rogers, the Agnellis remained married until his death of prostate cancer in 2003 at the age of 81. For most of his life, Agnelli was considered to be a man of exquisite taste. In 2002, he left his paintings to

8200-601: The son of Gianni's younger brother, Umberto Agnelli , died of a rare form of cancer in 1997 at age 33 while he was being groomed by his uncle to head the Fiat Group. John Elkann , the son of Gianni and Marella's daughter, Margherita, was expected to take over Fiat after Gianni's death. Instead, Umberto became chairman, taking over from Paolo Fresco. While Fresco had diversified the Fiat Group's holdings, Umberto refocused its activities on its auto and mechanics division. He then brought in Giuseppe Morchio to mastermind

8300-527: The symbol of capitalism throughout the second half of 20th century, and regarded by many as the true "King of Italy". A cultivated man of keen intelligence and a peculiar sense of humour, he was perhaps the most famous Italian abroad, particularly in the United States and New York, forming deep relationships with international bankers and politicians, largely through the Bilderberg Group , whose conferences he attended regularly since 1958. Some of

8400-668: The top Italians, not yet Europeans: now the club makes over €300 million, but in the meantime Real, Bayern, and the others have taken off." Some observers allege that Calciopoli and its aftermath were a dispute within Juventus and between the club's owners that came after the deaths of Gianni and Umberto Agnelli , including Franzo Grande Stevens , who was nicknamed by Agnelli "the lawyer's lawyer", and Gianluigi Gabetti who favoured Agnelli's grandson, John Elkann , over his nephew as chairman, and wanted to get rid of Luciano Moggi , Antonio Giraudo, and Roberto Bettega , whose shares in

8500-422: The total regional population. Most immigrants come from Eastern Europe (mostly from Romania, Albania, and Ukraine) with smaller communities of African immigrants. The Regional Government ( Giunta Regionale ) is presided by the president of the region ( presidente della regione ), who is elected for a five-year term and is composed of the president and 14 ministers, including a vice president ( vice presidente ). In

8600-466: The two things coincide". He described Juventus thusly: "[Because] Juventus, after a century of history already, has become a legend. A legend that started off in a high school in Turin and finished up by gaining nine or ten million fans in Italy and, of course, the same number abroad with a jersey and colours that are known throughout the world." About Tommaso Buscetta , a member of Cosa Nostra who became

8700-627: Was a true sportsman." Among his many passions, he was one of the promoters of Azzurra , an Italian boat entering the America's Cup . When in sea, he often spent his time on the 1967 G-Cinquanta, one of his many boats. Agnelli's fashion sense and style inspired and influenced menswear throughout the years in Italy and around the world. In his retirement speech, Milanese fashion designer Nino Cerruti named Agnelli as one of his biggest inspirations along with James Bond and John F. Kennedy . Esquire named Agnelli as one of five best-dressed men in

8800-468: Was about to enter politics, he said: "If he wins, an entrepreneur will have won. If he loses, Berlusconi will have lost." When the Prodi I Cabinet fell in 1998 and Massimo D'Alema was appointed Prime Minister of Italy and became the first post-Communist to hold the office of a NATO country, as well as Italy's only post-Communist prime minister, his vote in favour of confidence caused a sensation. He told

8900-435: Was already fighting against cancer, and he could take little part in these events. Agnelli also encountered a number of difficulties with Mediobanca through Cesare Romiti , who caused Agnelli anxiety. Mediobanca made a policy of constantly supervising Fiat because of their financial interests in the company, often becoming significantly involved in executive decisions and important issues. Vincenzo Maranghi , who later became

9000-423: Was an Italian industrialist and principal shareholder of Fiat . As the head of Fiat, he controlled 4.4% of Italy's GDP , 3.1% of its industrial workforce, and 16.5% of its industrial investment in research. He was the richest man in modern Italian history. Agnelli was regarded as having an impeccable and slightly eccentric fashion sense, which has influenced both Italian and international men's fashion. Agnelli

9100-749: Was annexed by France in September 1802. In the Congress of Vienna , the Kingdom of Sardinia was restored and furthermore received the Republic of Genoa to strengthen it as a barrier against France. Piedmont was a springboard for Italian unification in 1859–1861, following earlier unsuccessful wars against the Austrian Empire in 1820–1821, and 1848–1849. This process is sometimes referred to as Piedmontisation . The efforts were later countered by

9200-450: Was awarded the decoration Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic in 1967 and the Order of Merit for Labour ( Cavaliere del lavoro ) in 1977. Following his death in 2003, control of the firm was gradually passed to his grandson and chosen heir, John Elkann . Agnelli was born in Turin ; he maintained strong ties with the village of Villar Perosa , near Turin in

9300-669: Was close to the Italian Republican Party (PRI), and was described as the Republican monarch of the 20th century. He had amicable relations with the Italian Democratic Socialist Party (PSDI) and Italian Socialist Party (PSI) leaders Giuseppe Saragat and Sandro Pertini , respectively, as well as with Francesco Cossiga of Christian Democracy (DC) and Carlo Azeglio Ciampi . Despite their political differences and conflicts like

9400-571: Was created to draw more attention to the variety of remote, sparsely inhabited valleys. Within the tourism industry in Piedmont, a reference to the system of Royal Residences has to be made. First of all, it is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites since 1997 and, secondly, it represents a peculiarity of the region, since such a network cannot be found elsewhere in Italy. The Residences of the Royal House of Savoy belong to

9500-508: Was easy to attack Juve and destroy them by making things up." According to critics, Juventus bothered because they won too much under Agnelli. Then- CONI president Gianni Petrucci said "a team that wins too much is harmful to their sport". Upon Fiat's acquisition of Ferrari in 1969, Agnelli became associated with Formula One and Scuderia Ferrari , which achieved successes in the 1970s with Niki Lauda and Jody Scheckter . About his passion for Ferrari, he said: "Not all Italians support

9600-820: Was founded on the initiative of the Tourism Council of the National Association of Italian Municipalities. There are links with neighbouring France via the Fréjus and Colle di Tenda tunnels as well as the Montgenèvre Pass . Piedmont also connects with Switzerland by the Simplon and Great St Bernard passes. It is possible to reach Switzerland via a normal road that crosses eastern Piedmont, starting from Arona and ending in Locarno , on

9700-454: Was full of sons of bitches. And he wanted an expert, one who could stand up to these here. For me it's a compliment." He added that Calciopoli only happened because " l'Avvocato Agnelli and il Dottor Umberto died", and had the two Agnellis not died, "nothing [of this farce] would have happened." According to observers, Juventus was weak after Agnelli's death, with Moggi saying: "The death of l'Avvocato Agnelli made us orphans and weak, it

9800-677: Was one of the most important regions in the first Italian industrialization. The gross domestic product (GDP) of the region was 137.4 billion euros in 2018, accounting for 7.8% of Italy's GDP. GDP per capita at purchasing power parity was 31,300 euros or 104% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 111% of the EU average. Since 2006, the Piemonte Agency for Investments, Export and Tourism began to facilitate outside investment and promote Piedmont's industry and tourism. It

9900-411: Was the first Italian institution to combine the activities being carried out by pre-existing local organizations to promote the territory internationally. The region contains major industrial centres, the most important of which is Turin, home to the Fiat conglomerate, but mass-market Fiat cars are not produced anymore, only small-scale manufacturing of luxury Maserati cars (36,702 in 2020). Most of

10000-458: Was ultimately able to not only have Agnelli retire his PRI candidacy, which could have cost them about one million votes, by raising the prospect of economic retaliations for Fiat but also convinced Umberto Agnelli , his younger brother, to join the DC. He turned down the invite by then president Oscar Luigi Scalfaro to become Prime Minister of Italy after Ciampi. In 1991, Agnelli was appointed senator for life by Cossiga, then president of

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