80-468: FSG can refer to: Finite state grammar Falling sand game Fishersgate railway station , a railway station in Sussex, England Fluorosilicate glass Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis Free Spirit Gathering , an American Pagan and Pantheist event United States Federal Sentencing Guidelines Organizations [ edit ] Fellow of
160-407: A mobile payment system. This is an advantage to the vendor because it virtually eliminates the need for a bill changer . Larger corporations with cafeterias will often request full line vending to supplement their food service. A newspaper vending machine or newspaper rack is a vending machine designed to distribute newspapers. Newspaper vending machines are used worldwide, and they can be one of
240-504: A touchscreen interface, pay for purchases using a credit or debit card and then the product is dispensed, sometimes via an internal robotic arm in the machine. The trend of specialization and proliferation of vending machines is perhaps most apparent in Japan where vending machines sell products from toilet paper to hot meals and pornography, and there is 1 vending machine per 23 people. In November 2013, online auto retailer Carvana opened
320-554: A German shipbuilder Frontier Services Group , a Hong Kong–based, Africa-focused security, aviation, and logistics company Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title FSG . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FSG&oldid=1247326022 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
400-506: A Mealy machine state may have different output labels on its incoming transitions (edges). Every such state needs to be split in multiple Moore machine states, one for every incident output symbol. Optimizing an FSM means finding a machine with the minimum number of states that performs the same function. The fastest known algorithm doing this is the Hopcroft minimization algorithm . Other techniques include using an implication table , or
480-531: A class of automata studied in automata theory and the theory of computation . In computer science, finite-state machines are widely used in modeling of application behavior ( control theory ), design of hardware digital systems , software engineering , compilers , network protocols , and computational linguistics . Finite-state machines can be subdivided into acceptors, classifiers, transducers and sequencers. Acceptors (also called detectors or recognizers ) produce binary output, indicating whether or not
560-415: A coin and then dispensed wine or holy water . When the coin was deposited, it fell upon a pan attached to a lever. The lever opened a valve which let some water flow out. The pan continued to tilt with the weight of the coin until it fell off, at which point a counterweight snapped the lever up and turned off the valve. Coin-operated machines that dispensed tobacco were being operated as early as 1615 in
640-693: A coin-operated reading lamp for use on trains and founded the Railway Automatic Electric Light Syndicate, Ltd. The system ran off batteries and delivered 30 minutes of light for 1d. , but was not a long-term success. Tourtel also invented a similarly coin-operated gas meter. In 1893, Stollwerck , a German chocolate manufacturer, was selling its chocolate in 15,000 vending machines. It set up separate companies in various territories to manufacture vending machines to sell not just chocolate, but cigarettes, matches, chewing gum, and soap products. The first vending machine in
720-413: A deterministic automaton, every state has exactly one transition for each possible input. In a non-deterministic automaton, an input can lead to one, more than one, or no transition for a given state. The powerset construction algorithm can transform any nondeterministic automaton into a (usually more complex) deterministic automaton with identical functionality. A finite-state machine with only one state
800-607: A different formalism and set of semantics. These charts, like Harel's original state machines, support hierarchically nested states, orthogonal regions , state actions, and transition actions. In accordance with the general classification, the following formal definitions are found. A deterministic finite-state machine or deterministic finite-state acceptor is a quintuple ( Σ , S , s 0 , δ , F ) {\displaystyle (\Sigma ,S,s_{0},\delta ,F)} , where: For both deterministic and non-deterministic FSMs, it
880-409: A gate with three rotating arms at waist height, one across the entryway. Initially the arms are locked, blocking the entry, preventing patrons from passing through. Depositing a coin or token in a slot on the turnstile unlocks the arms, allowing a single customer to push through. After the customer passes through, the arms are locked again until another coin is inserted. Considered as a state machine,
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#1732782964994960-429: A language that would contain every string accepted by the acceptor but none of the rejected ones; that language is accepted by the acceptor. By definition, the languages accepted by acceptors are the regular languages . The problem of determining the language accepted by a given acceptor is an instance of the algebraic path problem —itself a generalization of the shortest path problem to graphs with edges weighted by
1040-451: A much slower pace, evolved into smart vending machines. Newer technologies at a lower cost of adoption, such as the large digital touch display , internet connectivity, cameras and various types of sensors, more cost-effective embedded computing power, digital signage , various advanced payment systems, and a wide range of identification technology ( NFC , RFID , etc.) have contributed to this development. These smart vending machines enable
1120-403: A niche market for selling or dispensing cannabis . In the early 21st century with legalization of cannabis in many countries, marijuana vending machines became widespread, selling products such as marijuana, hemp and CBD based products and smoke paraphernalia. The first experiments in distributing marijuana through vending machines started in the early 2010s, when they were already in use in
1200-670: A pass has to be inserted in the machine to prove one's age before a purchase can be made. In the United Kingdom, legislation banning them outright came into effect on 1 October 2011. In Germany, Austria, Italy, the Czech Republic , and Japan, cigarette machines are still common. Since 2007, however, age verification has been mandatory in Germany and Italy – buyers must be 18 or over. The various machines installed in pubs and cafés, other publicly accessible buildings, and on
1280-533: A percentage of the profits to charity so that locations will allow them to place the machines for free. Bulk vending may be a more practical choice than soft drink/snack vending for an individual who also works a full-time job, since the restaurants, retail stores, and other locations suitable for bulk vending may be more likely to be open during the evening and on weekends than venues such as offices that host soft drink and snack machines. The Bulk vending machines of today provide many different vending choices with
1360-400: A predetermined sequence of actions depending on a sequence of events with which they are presented. Simple examples are: vending machines , which dispense products when the proper combination of coins is deposited; elevators , whose sequence of stops is determined by the floors requested by riders; traffic lights , which change sequence when cars are waiting; combination locks , which require
1440-589: A second block of combinational logic that determines the output of an FSM. One of the classic hardware implementations is the Richards controller . In a Medvedev machine , the output is directly connected to the state flip-flops minimizing the time delay between flip-flops and output. Through state encoding for low power state machines may be optimized to minimize power consumption. The following concepts are commonly used to build software applications with finite-state machines: Finite automata are often used in
1520-589: A user using the display interface to select the type and quantity of tickets and then choosing a payment method of either cash , credit / debit card or smartcard . The ticket or tickets are then printed and dispensed to the user. From 2000 to 2010, the specialization of vending machines became more common. Vending extended increasingly into non-traditional areas like electronics, or even artwork or short stories. Machines of this new category are generally called automated retail kiosks. When using an automated retail machine, consumers select products, sometimes using
1600-584: A wide range of products. Products may include candy, cookies, chips, fresh fruit, milk, cold food, coffee and other hot drinks, bottles and cans of soda and other drinks, and even frozen products like ice cream. These products can be sold from machines that include hot coffee, snack, cold food, and 20 US fluid ounces (590 ml) bottle machines. In the United States, almost all machines accept bills with more and more machines accepting $ 5 bills, along with payment from traditional debit and credit cards , or
1680-467: Is a sextuple ( Σ , Γ , S , s 0 , δ , ω ) {\displaystyle (\Sigma ,\Gamma ,S,s_{0},\delta ,\omega )} , where: If the output function depends on the state and input symbol ( ω : S × Σ → Γ {\displaystyle \omega :S\times \Sigma \rightarrow \Gamma } ) that definition corresponds to
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#17327829649941760-543: Is a book lending vending machine used by libraries in Sweden and the U.S. state of California. The Biblio-Mat is a random antiquarian book vending machine located at The Monkey's Paw bookstore in Toronto , Canada. In 2022 RoboBurger introduced a machine to cook and vend a fresh hamburger . The cotton candy vending machine is a vending machine that dispenses freshly spun cotton candy . A French fry vending machine
1840-447: Is a vending machine that accepts large denominations of currency and returns an equal amount of currency in smaller bills or coins. Typically these machines are used to provide coins in exchange for paper currency, in which case they are also often known as bill changers. In the past, cigarettes were commonly sold in the United States through these machines, but this is increasingly rare due to concerns about underage buyers. Sometimes
1920-527: Is a vending machine that dispenses hot French fries, also known as chips. The first known french fry vending machine was developed circa 1982 by the defunct Precision Fry Foods Pty Ltd. in Australia. A few companies have developed and manufactured French fry vending machines and prototypes. Furthermore, a prototype machine was also developed at Wageningen University in the Netherlands. Let's Pizza
2000-621: Is called a "combinatorial FSM". It only allows actions upon transition into a state. This concept is useful in cases where a number of finite-state machines are required to work together, and when it is convenient to consider a purely combinatorial part as a form of FSM to suit the design tools. There are other sets of semantics available to represent state machines. For example, there are tools for modeling and designing logic for embedded controllers. They combine hierarchical state machines (which usually have more than one current state), flow graphs, and truth tables into one language, resulting in
2080-512: Is conventional to allow δ {\displaystyle \delta } to be a partial function , i.e. δ ( s , x ) {\displaystyle \delta (s,x)} does not have to be defined for every combination of s ∈ S {\displaystyle s\in S} and x ∈ Σ {\displaystyle x\in \Sigma } . If an FSM M {\displaystyle M}
2160-494: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Finite state grammar A finite-state machine ( FSM ) or finite-state automaton ( FSA , plural: automata ), finite automaton , or simply a state machine , is a mathematical model of computation . It is an abstract machine that can be in exactly one of a finite number of states at any given time. The FSM can change from one state to another in response to some inputs ;
2240-424: Is in a state s {\displaystyle s} , the next symbol is x {\displaystyle x} and δ ( s , x ) {\displaystyle \delta (s,x)} is not defined, then M {\displaystyle M} can announce an error (i.e. reject the input). This is useful in definitions of general state machines, but less useful when transforming
2320-588: Is now spreading into the United Kingdom and becoming popular there. From the 1950s until the 1970s, vending machines were used at American airports to sell life insurance policies covering death, in case the buyer's flight crashed. However, this practice gradually disappeared due to the tendency of American courts to strictly construe such policies against their sellers, such as the Fidelity and Casualty Company of New York (which later became part of CNA Financial ). The marijuana vending machine originally found
2400-464: Is shown below: the combination of current state (e.g. B) and input (e.g. Y) shows the next state (e.g. C). The complete action's information is not directly described in the table and can only be added using footnotes. An FSM definition including the full action's information is possible using state tables (see also virtual finite-state machine ). The Unified Modeling Language has a notation for describing state machines. UML state machines overcome
2480-593: Is the name of a vending machine that makes fresh pizza from scratch. It was developed in 2009 by Italian company Sitos srl. The machine combines water, flour, tomato sauce, and fresh ingredients to make a pizza in approximately three minutes. It includes windows so customers can watch the pizza as it is made. The pizza is cooked in an infrared oven. The device was invented by Claudio Torghele, an entrepreneur in Rovereto , Italy . The vending machine began in Italy and
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2560-640: Is then provided with prints. Older photo booth vending machines used film and involved the process of developing the film using liquid chemicals. A stamp vending machine is a mechanical, electrical or electro-mechanical device which can be used to automatically vend postage stamps to users in exchange for a pre-determined amount of money, normally in coin. A ticket machine is a vending machine that produces tickets . For instance, ticket machines dispense train tickets at railway stations , transit tickets at metro stations and tram tickets at some tram stops and in some trams. The typical transaction consists of
2640-486: Is typically based on the MDB standard , supported by National Automatic Merchandising Association (NAMA) and European Vending & Coffee Service Association (EVA). After payment has been tendered, a product may become available by: Some products need to be prepared to become available. For example, tickets are printed or magnetized on the spot, and coffee is freshly concocted. One of the most common forms of vending machine,
2720-427: The 1964 New York World's Fair . The machines can still be found operating in dozens of museums and zoos. This type of machine contains fresh oranges and a mechanism to cut and squeeze them in order to produce fresh juice. This type of machine sells a container that may contain a prize. Some such machines advertise the possible prizes that may be won. Examples include smart phones, holiday packages, and toys. With
2800-548: The Mealy model , and can be modelled as a Mealy machine . If the output function depends only on the state ( ω : S → Γ {\displaystyle \omega :S\rightarrow \Gamma } ) that definition corresponds to the Moore model , and can be modelled as a Moore machine . A finite-state machine with no output function at all is known as a semiautomaton or transition system . If we disregard
2880-545: The Sagamihara Vending Machine Park . In 2024, it was reported that a sizeable portion of the vending machines in Japan would require updates to their acceptors in order to accept the new designs for the Japanese yen banknotes that were due to be released that year. Similar to the development of traditional mobile phones into smartphones , vending machines have also progressively, though at
2960-542: The Unlocked state) is represented by a circular arrow returning to the original state. The arrow into the Locked node from the black dot indicates it is the initial state. A state is a description of the status of a system that is waiting to execute a transition . A transition is a set of actions to be executed when a condition is fulfilled or when an event is received. For example, when using an audio system to listen to
3040-435: The frontend of programming language compilers. Such a frontend may comprise several finite-state machines that implement a lexical analyzer and a parser. Starting from a sequence of characters, the lexical analyzer builds a sequence of language tokens (such as reserved words, literals, and identifiers) from which the parser builds a syntax tree. The lexical analyzer and the parser handle the regular and context-free parts of
3120-480: The taverns of England. The machines were portable and made of brass . An English bookseller, Richard Carlile , devised a newspaper dispensing machine for the dissemination of banned works in 1822. Simon Denham was awarded British Patent no. 706 for his stamp dispensing machine in 1867, the first fully automatic vending machine. The first modern coin-operated vending machines were introduced in London , England in
3200-476: The Moore reduction procedure. Additionally, acyclic FSAs can be minimized in linear time . In a digital circuit , an FSM may be built using a programmable logic device , a programmable logic controller , logic gates and flip flops or relays . More specifically, a hardware implementation requires a register to store state variables, a block of combinational logic that determines the state transition, and
3280-665: The Society of Genealogists Florida State Guard , active during World War II Folkestone School for Girls , in England Fortress Study Group , a British historical charity Free Standards Group , a defunct open-source standards organization Businesses [ edit ] Facility Solutions Group , an American electrical engineering company Farrar, Straus and Giroux , an American book publisher Fenway Sports Group , an American sports investment company Flensburger Schiffbau-Gesellschaft ,
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3360-615: The U.S. was built in 1888 by the Thomas Adams Gum Company , selling gum on New York City train platforms. The idea of adding games to these machines as a further incentive to buy came in 1897 when the Pulver Manufacturing Company added small figures, which would move around whenever somebody bought some gum from their machines. This idea spawned a whole new type of mechanical device known as the "trade stimulators". The vending machine industry in
3440-526: The United States and Canada. The primary challenge faced in selling restricted or controlled merchandise like cannabis is to verify the identity of the buyer, which is overcome by the application of biometrics and smart vending software technology, the same technology used to verify the buyer's age in the automatic sales of tobacco. The Mold-A-Rama is a brand name for a type of vending machine that makes blow-molded plastic figurines . Mold-A-Rama machines debuted in late 1962 and grew in prominence at
3520-467: The United States is a multi-billion dollar sector. In 2023, it was estimated to be worth $ 18.2 billion, with approximately 3 million machines generating an average monthly revenue of $ 525. However, this is an average, and the industry is trending toward more sophisticated and automated vending machines, particularly in North America. This trend is driven by the increasing demand for convenience and
3600-461: The binary string contains an even number of 0s (including any binary string containing no 0s). Examples of strings accepted by this acceptor are ε (the empty string ), 1, 11, 11..., 00, 010, 1010, 10110, etc. Classifiers are a generalization of acceptors that produce n -ary output where n is strictly greater than two. Transducers produce output based on a given input and/or a state using actions. They are used for control applications and in
3680-459: The box and take all of the newspapers or, for the benefit of other customers, leave all of the newspapers outside of the box, slowly return the door to an unlatched position, or block the door from fully closing, each of which are frequently discouraged, sometimes by a security clamp . The success of such machines is predicated on the assumption that the customer will be honest (hence the nickname "honor box"), and need only one copy. A change machine
3760-533: The bulk candy business can be quite high – gumballs , for instance, can be purchased in bulk for around 2 cents per piece and sold for 25 cents in gumball machines in the U.S., and other countries. Gumballs and candy have a relatively long shelf life, enabling vending machine operators to manage many machines without too much time or cost involved. In addition, the machines are typically inexpensive compared to soft drink or snack machines, which often require power and sometimes refrigeration to work. Many operators donate
3840-491: The change from one state to another is called a transition . An FSM is defined by a list of its states, its initial state, and the inputs that trigger each transition. Finite-state machines are of two types— deterministic finite-state machines and non-deterministic finite-state machines . For any non-deterministic finite-state machine, an equivalent deterministic one can be constructed. The behavior of state machines can be observed in many devices in modern society that perform
3920-459: The development of advanced technologies. For instance, the hot food vending machine sector is valued at $ 4.8 billion and is seeing significant growth as robotics companies introduce automated solutions for dispensing pasta, burgers, and groceries. The broader fresh food vending segment is projected to reach $ 8 billion by 2029, offering consumers more options for nutritious and convenient meals and snacks. Internal communication in vending machines
4000-630: The development of advanced technology, Japanese vending machines provide more services by selling different kinds of products. Food, smartphones, SIM cards, and even clothing can be found in these machines. Apart from the most popular drink vending machines, Japanese vending machines also offer certain products depending on the demand and need for different locations. For example, products like sanitary napkins and tampons can be found in vending machines in female restrooms, while machines selling condoms are usually located in male restrooms. Convenience, low cost of running, security, and stability seem to be
4080-414: The early 1880s and dispensed postcards . Vending machines exist in many countries and, in more recent times, specialized vending machines that provide less common products compared to traditional vending machine items have been created. The earliest known reference to a vending machine is in the work of Hero of Alexandria , an engineer, and mathematician in first-century Roman Egypt . His machine accepted
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#17327829649944160-534: The early 1880s, dispensing postcards . The machine was invented by Percival Everitt in 1883 and soon became a widespread feature at railway stations and post offices, dispensing envelopes , postcards , and notepaper . The Sweetmeat Automatic Delivery Company was founded in 1887 in England as the first company to deal primarily with installing and maintaining vending machines. Also at about that time in England, Dixon Henry Davies and inventor John Mensy Tourtel patented
4240-465: The elements of an (arbitrary) semiring . An example of an accepting state appears in Fig. 5: a deterministic finite automaton (DFA) that detects whether the binary input string contains an even number of 0s. S 1 (which is also the start state) indicates the state at which an even number of 0s has been input. S 1 is therefore an accepting state. This acceptor will finish in an accept state, if
4320-445: The field of computational linguistics . In control applications, two types are distinguished: Sequencers (also called generators ) are a subclass of acceptors and transducers that have a single-letter input alphabet. They produce only one sequence, which can be seen as an output sequence of acceptor or transducer outputs. A further distinction is between deterministic ( DFA ) and non-deterministic ( NFA , GNFA ) automata. In
4400-436: The finite-state machine executable. There are a large number of variants to represent an FSM such as the one in figure 3. In addition to their use in modeling reactive systems presented here, finite-state machines are significant in many different areas, including electrical engineering , linguistics , computer science , philosophy , biology , mathematics , video game programming , and logic . Finite-state machines are
4480-640: The first car vending machine in the U.S., located in Atlanta dispensing various models of used cars . In late 2016, Autobahn Motors, a car dealership in Singapore, opened a 15-story-tall luxury car vending machine containing 60 cars, dispensing Ferrari and Lamborghini vehicles. A bait machine is a vending machine that dispenses live fishing bait , such as worms and crickets, for fishing. Book vending machines dispense books, which may be full-sized. Some libraries use book vending machines. GoLibrary
4560-415: The first output symbol of a Moore machine, ω ( s 0 ) {\displaystyle \omega (s_{0})} , then it can be readily converted to an output-equivalent Mealy machine by setting the output function of every Mealy transition (i.e. labeling every edge) with the output symbol given of the destination Moore state. The converse transformation is less straightforward because
4640-466: The form of free gift dispensed from the vending machine. Vending machines are also being used by entrepreneurs to sell cosmetics to those on the go as an easy convenience. Vending machines are a common sight in Japan, and are considerably popular. There are more than 5.5 million machines installed throughout the nation, and Japan holds the highest ratio of machines per person for any country with one machine for every twenty-three people. Regarding
4720-456: The input of a sequence of numbers in the proper order. The finite-state machine has less computational power than some other models of computation such as the Turing machine . The computational power distinction means there are computational tasks that a Turing machine can do but an FSM cannot. This is because an FSM's memory is limited by the number of states it has. A finite-state machine has
4800-399: The limitations of traditional finite-state machines while retaining their main benefits. UML state machines introduce the new concepts of hierarchically nested states and orthogonal regions , while extending the notion of actions . UML state machines have the characteristics of both Mealy machines and Moore machines . They support actions that depend on both the state of the system and
4880-445: The machine. Some algorithms in their default form may require total functions. A finite-state machine has the same computational power as a Turing machine that is restricted such that its head may only perform "read" operations, and always has to move from left to right. That is, each formal language accepted by a finite-state machine is accepted by such a kind of restricted Turing machine, and vice versa. A finite-state transducer
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#17327829649944960-569: The main distribution methods for newspaper publishers. According to the Newspaper Association of America , in recent times in the United States, circulation via newspaper vending machines has dropped significantly: in 1996, around 46% of single-sale newspapers were sold in newspaper boxes, and in 2014, only 20% of newspapers were sold in the boxes. A photo booth is a vending machine or modern kiosk that contains an automated, usually coin-operated , camera and film processor. Today,
5040-418: The main reasons for Japan to invest in vending machines. A patent for an "automatic goods vending machine" was filed in 1888 in Japan; early surviving vending machines from around the 1900s include one that dispenses stamps and postcards, and one that dispenses sake . Confectionery vending machines became widespread in the 1920s, and juice vending machines became popular in the late 1950s and 1960s. By 2000,
5120-428: The number of vending machines in Japan had grown to 5.6 million. However, from around the early 2000s, the number of vending machines in Japan decreased slightly to 5.03 million, and the sales amount also decreased gradually, in part due to the rise of digital technology and market competition. In recent years, attention has been drawn towards older machines, such as the collection of vintage vending machines installed at
5200-406: The outputs resulting from each input: The turnstile state machine can also be represented by a directed graph called a state diagram (above) . Each state is represented by a node ( circle ). Edges ( arrows ) show the transitions from one state to another. Each arrow is labeled with the input that triggers that transition. An input that doesn't cause a change of state (such as a coin input in
5280-467: The programming language's grammar. Finite Markov-chain processes are also known as subshifts of finite type . Vending machine A vending machine is an automated machine that dispenses items such as snacks , beverages , cigarettes , and lottery tickets to consumers after cash , a credit card , or other forms of payment are inserted into the machine or payment is otherwise made. The first modern vending machines were developed in England in
5360-470: The radio (the system is in the "radio" state), receiving a "next" stimulus results in moving to the next station. When the system is in the "CD" state, the "next" stimulus results in moving to the next track. Identical stimuli trigger different actions depending on the current state. In some finite-state machine representations, it is also possible to associate actions with a state: Several state-transition table types are used. The most common representation
5440-462: The received input is accepted. Each state of an acceptor is either accepting or non accepting . Once all input has been received, if the current state is an accepting state, the input is accepted; otherwise it is rejected. As a rule, input is a sequence of symbols (characters); actions are not used. The start state can also be an accepting state, in which case the acceptor accepts the empty string. The example in figure 4 shows an acceptor that accepts
5520-450: The rise of the social networks , vending machine has been integrated to social media in order to proliferate the interaction of the vending machine with the users from the physical machine to the social networks. The common application of social-networked vending machine is that the user can connect their social account to a specific social media designated by the vending machine, the user will be getting some rewards in return, normally in
5600-425: The sale of birth control , such as condoms or emergency contraception . Condom machines are often placed in public toilets, subway stations, airports, or schools as a public health measure to promote safe sex . Many pharmacies also keep one outside, for after-hours access. Rare examples exist that dispense female condoms or the morning after pill. Various types of food and snack vending machines exist in
5680-400: The same computational power as a Turing machine that is restricted such that its head may only perform "read" operations, and always has to move from left to right. FSMs are studied in the more general field of automata theory . An example of a simple mechanism that can be modeled by a state machine is a turnstile . A turnstile, used to control access to subways and amusement park rides, is
5760-418: The snack machine, often uses a metal coil which when ordered rotates to release the product. The main example of a vending machine giving access to all merchandise after paying for one item is a newspaper vending machine (also called vending box) found mainly in the U.S. and Canada. It contains a pile of identical newspapers. After a sale the door automatically returns to a locked position. A customer could open
5840-454: The street accept one or more of the following as proof of age: the buyer's identity card, bank debit card (smart card), or European Union driver's license. In Japan, age verification has been mandatory since 1 July 2008 via the Taspo card, issued only to persons aged 20 or over. The Taspo card uses RFID, stores monetary value, and is contactless. A birth control machine is a vending machine for
5920-458: The string "nice". In this acceptor, the only accepting state is state 7. A (possibly infinite) set of symbol sequences, called a formal language , is a regular language if there is some acceptor that accepts exactly that set. For example, the set of binary strings with an even number of zeroes is a regular language (cf. Fig. 5), while the set of all strings whose length is a prime number is not. An acceptor could also be described as defining
6000-481: The triggering event , as in Mealy machines, as well as entry and exit actions , which are associated with states rather than transitions, as in Moore machines. The Specification and Description Language is a standard from ITU that includes graphical symbols to describe actions in the transition: SDL embeds basic data types called "Abstract Data Types", an action language, and an execution semantic in order to make
6080-434: The turnstile has two possible states: Locked and Unlocked . There are two possible inputs that affect its state: putting a coin in the slot ( coin ) and pushing the arm ( push ). In the locked state, pushing on the arm has no effect; no matter how many times the input push is given, it stays in the locked state. Putting a coin in – that is, giving the machine a coin input – shifts the state from Locked to Unlocked . In
6160-412: The unlocked state, putting additional coins in has no effect; that is, giving additional coin inputs does not change the state. A customer pushing through the arms gives a push input and resets the state to Locked . The turnstile state machine can be represented by a state-transition table , showing for each possible state, the transitions between them (based upon the inputs given to the machine) and
6240-446: The use of adjustable gumball and candy wheels. Adjustable gumball wheels allow an operator to not only offer the traditional 1-inch gumball, but they can also vend larger gumballs, and non-edible items such as toy capsules and bouncy balls. Adjustable candy wheels allow an operator to offer a variety of pressed candies, jelly candy, chocolates and even nuts. A full-line vending company may set up several types of vending machines that sell
6320-399: The vast majority of photo booths are digital. Traditionally, photo booths contain a seat or bench designed to seat the one or two patrons being photographed. The seat is typically surrounded by a curtain of some sort to allow for some privacy and help avoid outside interference during the photo session. Once the payment is made, the photo booth will take a series of photographs and the customer
6400-624: The world. Food vending machines that provide shelf-stable foods such as chips, cookies, cakes, and other such snacks are common. Some food vending machines are refrigerated or frozen, such as for chilled soft drinks and ice cream treats, and some machines provide hot food. Some unique food vending machines exist that are specialized and less common, such as the French fry vending machine and hot pizza vending machines, such as Let's Pizza . The Beverly Hills Caviar Automated Boutique dispenses frozen caviar and other high-end foods. The profit margins in
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