A team is a group of individuals (human or non-human) working together to achieve their goal .
109-809: Fountain Valley High School ( FVHS ) is a public high school in Fountain Valley, California . It is a part of the Huntington Beach Union High School District . Fountain Valley was established in 1966. It is notable for its rivalry with Edison High School , particularly during the American football season when both schools compete in the "Battle of the Bell". For the first few years after opening,
218-548: A further education college or sixth form college to prepare themselves for a wide range of apprenticeships and study. Major provider of vocational qualifications include the Business and Technology Education Council , City and Guilds of London Institute and Edexcel . Higher National Certificates and Higher National Diplomas typically require 1 and 2 years of full-time study and credit from either HNE or Diplomas can be transferred toward an undergraduate degree. Along with
327-509: A grammar school if they pass the eleven plus exam ; there are also a number of isolated fully selective grammar schools and a few dozen partially selective schools . The oldest state school in England is Beverley Grammar School , which was founded in 700 AD. The French educational system is highly centralised, organised, and ramified. It is divided into three stages: Schooling in France
436-572: A selective school system where admission is restricted on the basis of selection criteria, usually academic performance. The term is commonly used in relation to England and Wales, where comprehensive schools were introduced as state schools on an experimental basis in the 1940s and became more widespread from 1965. About 90% of English secondary school pupils attend a comprehensive state school. Comprehensive schools provide an entitlement curriculum to all children, without selection whether due to financial considerations or attainment. A consequence of that
545-406: A business setting are independent teams. Coaching an interdependent team like a football team necessarily requires a different approach from coaching an independent team like a gymnastics team, because the costs and benefits to individual team members—and therefore the intrinsic incentives for positive team behaviors—differ markedly. An interdependent team benefits from members getting to know
654-478: A clear example of an interdependent team: On the other hand, a track-and-field team is a classic example of an independent team: If all team members each perform the same basic tasks, such as students working problems in a maths class, or outside sales employees making phone calls, then it is likely that this team is an independent team. They may be able to help each other—perhaps by offering advice or practice time, by providing moral support, or by helping in
763-417: A collection of people when a strong sense of mutual commitment creates synergy, thus generating performance greater than the sum of the performance of its individual members. Thus teams of game players can form (and re-form) to practise their craft/sport. Transport logistics executives can select teams of horses , dogs , or oxen for the purpose of conveying passengers or goods. Of particular importance
872-575: A construction team designing blueprints for a new building, and then guiding the construction of the building using these blueprints. A team used only for a defined period of time and for a separate, concretely definable purpose, often becomes known as a project team. This category of team includes negotiation-, commission- and design-team subtypes. In general, these types of teams are multi-talented and composed of individuals with expertise in many different areas. Members of these teams might belong to different groups, but receive assignment to activities for
981-406: A coordinated effort which allows each member to maximize their strengths and minimize their weaknesses. Naresh Jain (2009) claims: Team members need to learn how to help one another, help other team members realize their true potential , and create an environment that allows everyone to go beyond their limitations. While academic research on teams and teamwork has grown consistently and has shown
1090-617: A country or across the world, rarely meet face-to-face, and include members from different cultures. In their 2009 literature-review paper, Ale Ebrahim, N., Ahmed, S. and Taha, Z. added two key issues to definition of a virtual team : "as small temporary groups of geographically, organizationally and/ or time dispersed knowledge workers who coordinate their work predominantly with electronic information and communication technologies in order to accomplish one or more organization tasks". Many virtual teams are solving customer problems or generating new work processes. Work teams are responsible for
1199-481: A demarcation between the temporary organization and its environment. The demarcation is driven by four interrelated concepts (the four T's): "The concepts also differ from the crucial concepts that define the permanent organization. Permanent organizations are more naturally defined by goals (rather than tasks), survival (rather than time), working organization (rather than team) and production processes and continual development (rather than transition)" A sports team
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#17327724529581308-437: A final product (Devine, 2002). For instance, a quality-control group on an assembly line would be an example of an advisory team: they may examine the products produced and make suggestions about how to improve the quality of the items being made. A product reaches the final stage and is put for sales after getting approved by the advisory teams. The advisory team consists of experts who possess extraordinary skills. The goal of
1417-474: A fraction of the unit cost of government schools. The teacher to student ratio is usually much lower in private schools than in the government ones, creating more competitive students. Education in India is provided by the public sector as well as the private sector, with control and funding coming from three levels: federal, state, and local. The Nalanda University was the oldest university-system of education in
1526-469: A governmental entity. Private school generally refers to primary, secondary and tertiary educational institutions that are not government-owned. Elementary, middle, and high schools that are operated by a religious organization are commonly called parochial schools , though, in practice, the term is generally used to refer only to schools operated by the Catholic Church or mainline denominations;
1635-468: A large number of private schools and universities. In the United States , the term "state school" is colloquial for state university , a college, and a university in a state university system. It is also used by state governments in the names of juvenile prisons , and facilities for disabled people. Instead, the term "public school" is used for elementary, middle, and high schools funded or run by
1744-413: A life-cycle of stages, identified by Bruce Tuckman as: forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning . Team cognition has been defined as an "emergent state that refers to the manner in which knowledge important to team functioning is organized, represented, and distributed within team." This emergent state can manifest in two ways. Compositional emergence occurs when individual level cognition
1853-475: A new team structure, where management and the company was more supportive of the union workforce. Some people use the word "team" when they mean "employees". A " sales team" is a common example of this loose or perhaps euphemistic usage, though inter-dependencies exist in organisations , and a sales group can be let down by poor performance in other parts of the organisation upon which sales depend, like delivery, after-sales service, etc. However "sales staff"
1962-520: A panacea that realizes the Human Relations Movement 's desire to integrate what that movement perceives as best for workers and as best for managers . Many people believe in the effectiveness of teams, but also see them as dangerous because of the potential for exploiting workers — in that team effectiveness can rely on peer pressure and peer surveillance . However, Hackman sees team effectiveness not only in terms of performance:
2071-578: A part of the California Interscholastic Federation Southern Section (CIF). Before 1974, the school competed in the Irvine League. The school fields all of the following sports: boys' baseball , basketball , cross country running , American football , golf , soccer , swim , tennis , track and field , volleyball , water polo and wrestling . On the girls' side, Fountain Valley fields
2180-416: A part of the free education. With the establishment of the provincial council system in the 1980s the central government handed control of most schools to local governments. However the old schools which had been around since the colonial times were retained by the central government, thus creating three types of government schools: National Schools, Provincial Schools, and Piriven. National Schools come under
2289-401: A pre-school class (mandatory since 2009), the 9-year obligatory course and a voluntary 11th year. It thus caters for pupils aged 6 to 17. It is also possible for parents to send their children to various kinds of private schools . These schools also receive government funding, although they are not public. In addition to this funding, these schools may charge a fee from the parents. England has
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#17327724529582398-527: A scene from the 1997 film Wag the Dog was filmed at FVHS during a basketball game and used the 1997 graduating class as extras. In March 2005, the school drumline and band was filmed in Gwen Stefani 's " Hollaback Girl " music video. In April 2007, the school was recognized as a California Distinguished School for the second consecutive time. The school is known for its vocal music program including
2507-461: A sharp increase over the past recent 40 years, the societal diffusion of teams and teamwork actually followed a volatile trend in the 20th century. The concept was introduced into business in the late 20th century, which was followed by a popularization of the concept of constructing teams . Differing opinions exist on the efficacy of this new management fad . Some see "team" as a four-letter word : overused and under-useful. Others see it as
2616-533: A state school or government school refers to a school that is state-controlled. These are officially called public schools according to the South African Schools Act of 1996, but it is a term that is not used colloquially. The Act recognised two categories of schools: public and independent. Independent schools include all private schools and schools that are privately governed. Independent schools with low tuition fees are state-aided and receive
2725-477: A strong state-funded school system. There are a number of categories of English state-funded schools including academy schools , community schools , faith schools , foundation schools , free schools , grammar schools , maths schools , studio schools, university technical colleges , state boarding schools and City Technology Colleges . About one third of English state-funded schools are faith schools ; i.e. affiliated with religious groups, most often from
2834-529: A subsidy on a sliding-scale. Traditional private schools that charge high fees receive no state subsidy. State schools are all state-owned, including section 21 schools, formerly referred to as "model C" or semi-private schools, that have a governing body and a degree of budget autonomy, as these are still fully owned and accountable to the state. Under the Canadian constitution , public-school education in Canada
2943-408: A team. The emergence of team cognition is thought to impact team effectiveness because it can positively affect a team's behavioural process, motivational states, and performance. Team cognition consists of two broad types of content. Task related models are related to knowledge of the major duties and resources possessed by the team. Team-related models refer to interactions and interdependence among
3052-443: A truly effective team will contribute to the personal well-being and adaptive growth of its members. English-speakers commonly use the word "team" in today's society to characterise many types of groups. Peter Guy Northouse's book Leadership: theory and practice discusses teams from a leadership perspective. According to the team approach to leadership , a team is a type of organizational group of people that are members. A team
3161-615: Is a 12-year compulsory education program from the government. The Indonesian educational system is divided into three stages: Most students attend public schools through the lower secondary level, but private education is popular at the upper secondary and university levels. The first public education system on record was put in place during the Koryo Dynasty. The national school system was put in place under Hak-Je ( Korean : 학제 ; Hanja : 學制 ; lit. Education Policy) enacted by King Seong Jong, which
3270-552: Is a group of people which play sports (often team sports ) together. Members include all players (even those who are waiting their turn to play), as well as support members such as a team manager or coach . Developments in information and communications technology have seen the emergence of the virtual work-team. A virtual team is a group of people who work interdependently and with shared purpose across space, time, and organisational boundaries using technology to communicate and collaborate. Virtual team members can be located across
3379-498: Is a more accurate description of the typical arrangement. Groups develop into teams in four stages: In the first stage, group development is characterized by members' dependency on the designated leader (identical to 'Forming' in Tuckman's model). In the second stage, the group seeks to free itself from its dependence on the leader and groups have conflicts about goals and procedures (identical to 'Storming' in Tuckman's model). In
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3488-473: Is a provincial responsibility and, as such, there are many variations among the provinces. Junior kindergarten or equivalent exists as an official program in Ontario and Quebec while kindergarten or equivalent is available in every province, but provincial funding and the level of hours provided varies widely. Starting at grade one, at about age six, there is universal Crown-funded access up to grade twelve, or
3597-683: Is a responsibility shared by the national government, the provinces and federal district and private institutions, though basic guidelines have historically been set by the Ministry of Education. Closely associated in Argentina with President Domingo Sarmiento 's assertion that "the sovereign should be educated." The word "sovereign" refers to the people. Education has been extended nearly universally and its maintenance remains central to political and cultural debate. Even though education at all levels, including universities, has always been free, there are
3706-419: Is a wider ranging curriculum, including practical subjects such as design and technology and vocational learning. Technical education in state schools are introduced during the secondary school years and goes on into further education (FE) and higher education (HE). Further education incorporates vocational oriented education as well as a combination of general secondary education. Students can also go on to
3815-521: Is appointed or elected to co-ordinate the state department of education, the state board of education, and the state legislature. Statewide education policies are disseminated to school districts or their equivalents. They are associated with counties, or with groups of counties, but their boundaries are not necessarily coterminous with county boundaries. The intermediate school districts encompass many local school districts. Local school districts operate with their own local boards, which oversee operations of
3924-452: Is composed of members who are dependent on each other, work towards interchangeable achievements, and share common attainments. A team works as a whole together to achieve certain things. A team is usually located in the same setting as it is normally connected to a kind of organization, company, or community. Teams can meet in-person (directly face-to-face) or virtually when practicing their values and activities or duties. A team's communication
4033-550: Is done, and not by management's wishes or by the fashions of the latest management fad . Teams in areas of work or study such as in the medical field, may be multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary . Multidisciplinary teams involve several professionals who independently treat various issues a patient may have, focusing on the issues in which they specialise. The problems that are being treated may or may not relate to other issues being addressed by individual team members. The interdisciplinary team approach involves all members of
4142-413: Is essentially a daycare facility. French secondary education is divided into two schools: The completion of secondary studies leads to the baccalauréat . The baccalauréat (also known as bac ) is the end-of- lycée diploma students sit for in order to enter university , a Classe préparatoire aux grandes écoles , or professional life. The term baccalauréat refers to the diploma and
4251-401: Is imagined along a continuum, starting with a manager-led team in which team members complete the required tasks but someone outside the team performs the executive functions. As the person's job it is who performs the executive functions is to define the goals and methods for the team, the team itself holds the sole responsibility of the execution of the work that needs to be performed. Next in
4360-520: Is increasingly common in which the elementary school contains kindergarten or 1st grade to 5th or 6th grade and the middle School contains 6th or 7th and 8th grade. In addition, some elementary schools are splitting into two levels, sometimes in separate buildings: elementary school (usually K–2) and intermediate (3–5). Some middle schools are different. The K–8 format is also an emerging popular concept in which students may attend only two schools for all of their K–12 education. Many charter schools feature
4469-441: Is mandatory as of age three. Primary education takes place in kindergarten ( école maternelle ) for children from 3 to 6 and ( école élémentaire ) from 6 to 11. For public schools, both schools building and administrative staff are managed by the borough's ( commune ) while professors are ( Education nationale ) civil servants. Some children even start earlier at age two in pré-maternelle or garderie class, which
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4578-515: Is one of the biggest tournaments in the US. The wrestling team has won 29 League Champion titles (Irvine 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 and 1974) (Sunset 1976, 1977, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1986, 1997, 1998, 2008, 2009, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021). The American football game against rival Edison High School on December 11, 1980, was the fourth-highest attended game in state history with 28,968 fans in attendance. It
4687-609: Is provided to a large extent by the government, with control coming from state level, ( Länder ) and funding coming from two levels: federal and state. Curricula, funding, teaching, and other policies are set through the respective state's ministry of education. Decisions about the acknowledgment of private schools (the German equivalent to accreditation in the US) are also made by these ministries. However, public schools are automatically recognised, since these schools are supervised directly by
4796-436: Is significantly important to their relationship. Ergo, communication is frequent and persistent, and as well are the meetings . The definition of team as an organizational group is not completely set in stone, as organizations have confronted a myriad of new forms of contemporary collaboration. Teams usually have strong organizational structured platforms and respond quickly and efficiently to challenges as they have skills and
4905-488: Is similar in form and function to its manifestation at team-level. Compilational emergence, on the other hand, represents a greater degree of synergy among team members and represents a new-team level construct. As such, higher degrees of compilational emergence are more closely related to team process and performance than is compositional emergence. Research into team cognition has focused on how teams develop mental models and transactive memory systems. Mental models refer to
5014-518: Is the concept of different types of teams. Although the concept of a team is relatively simple, social scientists have identified many different types of teams. In general, teams either act as information processors, or take on a more active role in the task and actually perform activities. Common categories and subtypes of teams include: An action team is a group of people with leadership skills. It devises strategies, analyze situations and execute needed actions. Advisory teams make suggestions about
5123-590: Is the Education Act of 1996. Education may be obtained from government-sponsored schools, private schools , or through homeschooling . By law, primary education is compulsory . As in other Asian countries such as Singapore and China, standardised tests are a common feature. Philippines has had a public education system since 1863 and is the oldest in Asia. It was created during the Spanish colonization of
5232-512: Is the creating the team's organizational context. Self-directed teams offer the most potential for innovation, enhance goal commitment and motivation, and provide opportunity for organizational learning and change. Team size and team composition affect team processes and team outcomes. The optimal size (and composition) of teams is debated and will vary depending on the task at hand. At least one study of problem-solving in groups showed an optimal size of groups at four members. Other works estimate
5341-604: The série littéraire (L) focuses on French and foreign languages and philosophy . The Grandes écoles of France are higher education establishments outside the mainstream framework of the public universities . They are generally focused on a single subject area, such as engineering , have a moderate size, and are often quite (sometimes extremely) selective in their admission of students. They are widely regarded as prestigious, and traditionally have produced most of France's scientists and executives . Education in Germany
5450-688: The Church of England (approximately 2/3 of faith schools), or the Roman Catholic Church (around 3/10). There are also schools affiliated to other Christian churches; in 2011, there were 42 Jewish, 12 Muslim, 3 Sikh and 1 Hindu faith schools. These faith schools include sub-categories such as faith- academy schools , voluntary aided schools , and voluntary controlled schools : most voluntary controlled schools are faith schools. All of these are funded through national and local taxation. All state-funded schools in England are required to follow
5559-490: The National Curriculum , which is made up of twelve subjects. Every state school must offer a curriculum which is balanced and broadly based and which promotes the spiritual, moral, cultural, mental and physical development of pupils at the school and of society, and prepares pupils at the school for the opportunities, responsibilities and experiences of later life. For each of the statutory curriculum subjects,
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#17327724529585668-643: The Secretary of State for Education is required to set out a Programme of Study which outlines the content and matters which must be taught in those subjects at the relevant Key Stages. Teachers should set high expectations for every pupil. They should plan stretching work for pupils whose attainment is significantly above the expected standard. Teachers should use appropriate assessment to set targets which are deliberately ambitious. A high number of state-funded secondary schools are specialist schools , receiving extra funding to develop one or more subjects in which
5777-452: The states are also referred to as "public". However, unlike public high schools, public universities usually charge tuition, but fees are usually much lower than those charged by private universities , particularly for students who meet in-state residency criteria. Community colleges , state colleges , and state universities are examples of public institutions of higher education. In particular, many state universities are regarded as among
5886-459: The Barons and the school colors are red, blue and gold. The school had to renovate some of its buildings, which were sinking, starting in 2002. These renovations yielded new portable buildings in an area that was previously a parking lot. In 2006, these semi-permanent portable buildings were replaced with permanent facilities. In March 2011, the track and football field were renovated. The dirt track
5995-623: The HNC and HND, students who are interested in other vocational qualifications may pursue a foundation degree , which is a qualification that trains students to be highly skilled technicians. The National Apprenticeship Service also offers vocational education where people at ages of 16 and older enter apprenticeships in order to learn a skilled trade . There are over 60 different certifications can be obtained through an apprenticeship, which typically lasts from to 3 years. Trades apprentices receive paid wages during training and spend one day at school and
6104-560: The K-8 format in which all elementary grades are housed in one section of the school, and the traditional junior high school students are housed in another section of the school. Some very small school districts, primarily in rural areas, still maintain a K–12 system in which all students are housed in a single school. A few 7–12 schools also exist. In the United States, institutions of higher education that are operated and subsidised by
6213-497: The Ministry of Education. The Danish school system is supported today by tax-based governmental and municipal funding from day care through primary and secondary education to higher education and there are no tuition fees for regular students in public schools and universities . The Danish public primary schools , covering the entire period of compulsory education, are called folkeskoler (literally 'people's schools' or 'public schools'). The folkeskole consists of
6322-949: The National Board Curriculum. Many children, especially girls, drop out of school after completing the 5th Year in remote areas. In larger cities such as Dhaka and Chittagong , however, this is fairly uncommon. Many good public schools conduct an entrance exam, although most public schools in the villages and small towns usually do not. Public schools are often the only option for parents and children in rural areas, but there are large numbers of private schools in Dhaka and Chittagong. Many Bangladeshi private schools teach their students in English and follow curricula from overseas, but in public schools lessons are taught in Bengali . In China, state schools are funded and administered by
6431-465: The United States, 88% of students attend public schools, compared with 9% who attend parochial schools , 1% who attend private independent schools , and 2% who are homeschooled . Public school is normally split up into three stages: elementary school ( kindergarten to 5th or 6th grade), middle ("intermediate" or junior high school) from 5th, 6th, or 7th grade to 8th or 9th grade, and high school (9th or 10th to 12th grade). The middle school format
6540-431: The actual act of creating tangible products and services (Devine, 2002). The actual workers on an assembly line would be an example of a production team, whereas waiters and waitresses at a diner would be an example of a service team. One common distinction is drawn between interdependent and independent teams. The difference is determined by the actions that the team members take while working. A rugby team provides
6649-484: The additional fees. Some parents appreciate the idea as they may send their children to good schools even though they may not be academically qualified, while others believe that it is not fair for someone who has a background of poverty. The public spending on schools in China has been uneven due to insufficient investment in education. This condition is in favor of urban schools and it is promoted by past policies such as
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#17327724529586758-463: The advanced choir, called the "Troubadours", which has performed at conferences and conventions. List of principals: Fountain Valley High School has an advanced placement (or AP) program which allows high school students to study college-level course work. A wide range of AP courses in every subject area are offered at the school. The school currently competes in the Sunset League and is
6867-584: The age of sixteen in most provinces, while students in Ontario and New Brunswick must attend schools until the age of 18. Some Canadian provinces offer segregated-by-religious-choice, but nonetheless Crown-funded and Crown-regulated, religiously based education. In Ontario, for example, Roman Catholic schools are known as "Catholic Schools" or "Separate Schools", not "Public Schools", although these are, by definition, no less "public" than their secular counterparts. In some countries, such as Brazil and Mexico ,
6976-458: The background during a busy time—but each individual's success is primarily due to each individual's own efforts. Runners do not win their own races merely because the rest of their teammates did, and maths students do not pass tests merely because their neighbours know how to solve equations . In the business environment, sales teams and traditional professionals (such as doctors, lawyers, and teachers), work in independent teams. Most teams in
7085-665: The best institutions of higher education in the US but usually are surpassed in ranking by certain private universities and colleges, such as those of the Ivy League , which are often very expensive and extremely selective in the students they accept. In several states, the administrations of public universities are elected via the general electoral ballot. Public or Government-funded schools are found throughout Bangladesh . They are referred to as 'Government High School'. These schools mostly teach students from Year 1 to 10, with examination for students in year 10. All public schools follow
7194-492: The capability to do so. An effective organizational team leads to greater productivity, more effective implementation of resources, better decisions and problem-solving, better-quality products/service, and greater innovation and originality. Alongside the concept of a team, compare the more structured/skilled concept of a crew , the advantages of formal and informal partnerships , or the well-defined – but time-limited – existence of task forces . A team becomes more than just
7303-489: The command team is to combine instructions and to coordinate action among management. In other words, command teams serve as the " middle man " in tasks (Devine, 2002). For instance, messengers on a construction site, conveying instructions from the executive team to the builders, would be an example of a command team. An executive team is a management team that draws up plans for activities and then directs these activities (Devine, 2002). An example of an executive team would be
7412-411: The degree in which team members have similar cognitive understanding of the situation and performance goals which include shared representations of the task. Transactive memory systems relate to how knowledge is distributed among team members and retrieved in a coordinated fashion, the way that team member rely on knowledge that is possessed by other members and how knowledge sets are differentiated within
7521-520: The direct control of the Ministry of Education therefore have direct funding from the ministry. Provincial Schools consists of the vast majority of schools in Sri Lanka which are funded and controlled by the local governments. Piriven are monastic college (similar to a seminary) for the education of Buddhist priests. These have been the centres of secondary and higher education in ancient times for lay people as well. Today these are funded and maintained by
7630-444: The education sector within the government. Although some, especially high schools, have started to charge a fair portion of parents of students an additional tuition fee, due to the increased places offered by the schools in recent years. Top state schools are often very selective, however. Students who miss their entrance requirement may still gain places if they meet a relatively lower requirement and their parents are willing to pay for
7739-619: The equivalent. Schools are generally divided into elementary schools (kindergarten to Grade 8) and high schools (Grades 9 to 12). However, in many areas, middle schools are also provided and in some schools, particularly in rural areas, the elementary and middle levels can be combined into one school. In 2003, Grade 13, also known as the Ontario Academic Credit or "OAC" year, was eliminated in Ontario; it had previously been required only for students who intended to go on to university. Children are required to attend school until
7848-510: The examinations themselves. It is comparable to British A-Levels , American SATs , the Irish Leaving Certificate and German Abitur . Most students sit for the baccalauréat général which is divided into three streams of study, called séries . The série scientifique (S) is concerned with mathematics and natural sciences , the série économique et sociale (ES) with economics and social sciences , and
7957-410: The exception of kindergarten. All aspects of public education are the responsibility of the Ministry of Education, which executes administration of schools, allocation of funding, certification of teachers and schools, and curriculum development with standardised textbooks across the country. In 2000, South Korea spent 4.2% of its GDP in education. As of the 2007 United Nations Education Index, South Korea
8066-546: The federal government authority to regulate education. However, any public or private school that accepts educational funding from the federal government, including participation in collegiate federal financial aid programs such as Pell Grants and Stafford Loans by accepting the funds or participating in a particular federal program, is subject to federal jurisdiction as a result of that participation. The U.S. Department of Education , based in Washington, D.C. , supervises
8175-415: The first known national public schools called Ju-Hak ( Korean : 주학 ; Hanja : 州學 ) were opened in each Ju and Gun, states and counties, to improve nationwide academic performances. After the ceasefire agreement for the civil war was declared, north and south states of Korea established their own education system. In South Korea , education in public schools (1–12) is compulsory with
8284-401: The formation of a team to complete such tasks does not guarantee success. Rather, the proper implementation of teams is positively related to both member satisfaction and increased effectiveness. Organizations who want to receive the benefits afforded by teams need to carefully consider how teams are built and implemented. Often, teams are created without providing members any training to develop
8393-489: The goal of developing first-class education in a limited number of schools in a short period of time. The key school system was canceled by the 2006 amendment to the Compulsory Education Law, along with the introduction of reforms that address education inequality. In Hong Kong the term government schools is used for free schools funded by the government. There are also subsidised schools, which are
8502-419: The hierarchy are self-managing teams , followed by self-designing teams. Finally, at the top of the hierarchy, come self-governing teams. The model describes four different types of control that fully self-governing teams can possess. These include control over the execution of the task, monitoring and managing work processes, control over the design and performance of a team, and setting the overall direction of
8611-419: The hope of getting the best of both types. However, instead, they tend instead to produce the negative features of each and none of the benefits, and consequently under-perform. Pressuring teams to become independent or interdependent, on the grounds that management has decided that one type is intrinsically better than the other, results in failure. The nature of the team is defined by the type of work that
8720-692: The individual schools within their jurisdiction. In most states, the county or regional intermediate school districts merely implement state education policy and provide the channels through which a local district communicates with a state board of education, state superintendent, and department of education. They do not establish county or regional policies of their own. Local school districts are administered by local school boards , which operate public elementary and high schools within their boundaries. Public schools are often funded by local taxpayers, and most school boards are elected. However, some states have adopted new funding models that are not dependent upon
8829-585: The islands and mandated the establishment of a school for boys and a school for girls in every municipality. The modern public schools in the Philippines are run by the Department of Education . Some public schools collect miscellaneous school fees to fund school extra-curricular activities or to improve school equipment and services. Most of the schools in Sri Lanka are maintained by the government as
8938-496: The local economy. Public schools are provided mainly by local governments. Curricula, funding, teaching, and other policies are set through locally elected school boards by jurisdiction over school districts. The school districts are special-purpose districts authorised by provisions of state law. Generally, state governments set minimum standards relating to almost all activities of elementary and high schools, as well as funding and authorisation to enact local school taxes to support
9047-521: The majority in Hong Kong and many of which are run by religious organisations, Direct Subsidy Scheme schools, private schools and international schools in Hong Kong. Some schools are international schools, which are not subsidised by the government. During British rule, a number of state higher education establishments were set up (such as Universities in Chennai , Kolkata , and Mumbai ), but little
9156-519: The mandate for rural public schools to have a higher student-to-teacher ratio. The inequality of resources is exacerbated by the way public schools in urban areas enjoy more support since local governments have more developed economies. Aside from the disparity between urban and rural public schools, there was also the dichotomized system adopted since 1978, which divided schools into two groups: key schools ( zhongdianxiao ) and non-key schools ( putongxiao ). Key schools receive more funding due to
9265-515: The ministry of education bureaucracy. Team As defined by Professor Leigh Thompson of the Kellogg School of Management , "[a] team is a group of people who are interdependent with respect to information, resources, knowledge and skills and who seek to combine their efforts to achieve a common goal". A group does not necessarily constitute a team. Teams normally have members with complementary skills and generate synergy through
9374-461: The optimal size between 5–12 members or a number of members that can consume two pizzas. The following extract is taken from Chong (2007): David Cooperrider suggests that the larger the group, the better. This is because a larger group is able to address concerns of the whole system . So while a large team may be ineffective at performing a given task, Cooperider says that the relevance of that task should be considered, because determining whether
9483-473: The organization. Take for example New United Motor Manufacturing Inc (NUMMI). Originally it was a General Motors automotive manufacturing plant that had to close due to numerous issues, causing it to be the worst performing GM plant. NUMMI was the collaborative creation of General Motors and Toyota. These two companies took most of the same work force and created one of the most productive automotive plants, producing high quality cars. They did this by implementing
9592-402: The other team members socially, from developing trust in each other, and from conquering artificial collective challenges (such as those offered in outdoors ropes courses ) . Interdependent teams respond well to collective rewards, and independent teams perform better with individual rewards. Hybrid teams and hybrid rewards, which try to combine characteristics of both, are sometimes created in
9701-513: The rest in the workplace to hone their skills. Grammar schools may be run by the local authority , a foundation body or an academy trust. They select their pupils based on academic ability. The original purpose of medieval grammar schools was the teaching of Latin. Over time the curriculum was broadened, first to include Ancient Greek , and later English and other European languages, natural sciences, mathematics, history, geography, art and other subjects. In some localities children can enter
9810-604: The role of the federal government in education. Direct regulation of public, private, and parochial schools is done by state and territorial governments; schools in Washington, D.C., are regulated by the Government of the District of Columbia . Regulation of public schools is typically accomplished through a state education agency and a state department of education. There is usually a state superintendent of schools , who
9919-606: The same project , thereby allowing outsiders to view them as a single unit. In this way, setting up a team allegedly facilitates the creation, tracking and assignment of a group of people based on the project in hand. The use of the "team" label in this instance often has no relationship to whether the employees work as a team. Lundin and Soderholm define project teams as a special case in the more general category of temporary organizations which also includes task forces, program committees, and action groups. All of these are formed to "make things happen". This emphasis on action leads to
10028-469: The school had a larger student population than any other high school west of the Mississippi with approximately 4,300 students. Due to the large student body, school days were split into two shifts, mornings for underclassmen and afternoons for upperclassmen. Over the years, enrollment decreased due to various factors, including the opening of Edison High School in 1969. The athletic teams are known as
10137-454: The school specialises, such as Cirencester Deer Park School which currently has 5 specialisms. State schools may request payment from parents for extracurricular activities such as swimming lessons and field trips, provided these charges are voluntary. Comprehensive schools typically describe secondary schools for pupils aged approximately 11–18, that do not select its intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude, in contrast to
10246-680: The schools, primarily through real property taxes. The federal government funds aid to states and school districts that meet minimum federal standards. School accreditation decisions are made by voluntary regional associations. The first free public school in America was the Syms-Eaton Academy (1634) in Hampton, Virginia , and the first tax-supported public school in America was in Dedham, Massachusetts , founded by Rev. Ralph Wheelock . In
10355-531: The skills necessary to perform well in a team setting. This is critical, because teamwork can be cognitively and interpersonally demanding. Even when a team consists of talented individuals, these individuals must learn to coordinate their actions and develop functional interpersonal interactions. In their review of the relevant scientific literature, Kozlowski and Ilgen demonstrated that such training can greatly benefit team effectiveness. Finally, teams are more likely to be successful when they are fully supported by
10464-577: The sports of basketball, cross country, field hockey , golf, soccer, softball , swimming, tennis, track and field, volleyball and water polo. In the past, there were gymnastics and badminton teams. Fountain Valley High School has won 18 CIF Team Championships Fountain Valley has had two coaches and one athlete enshrined in the CIF hall of fame: Carol Strausberg (basketball coach), Ron LaRuffa (baseball coach) and Shirley Babashoff(swimmer). The school also holds Five Counties Wrestling Championships , which
10573-551: The team is effective first requires identifying what needs to be accomplished. Regarding composition, all teams will have an element of homogeneity and heterogeneity. The more homogeneous the group, the more cohesive it will be. The more heterogeneous the group, the greater the differences in perspective and increased potential for creativity , but also the greater potential for conflict. Team members normally have different roles, like team leader and agents. Large teams can divide into subteams according to need. Many teams go through
10682-401: The team members. When companies are in trouble, they often restructure into teams. However, putting people into teams does not solve problems; if not done thoughtfully, this may even cause more problems. The formation of teams is most appropriate for tasks that are difficult, complex and important. These types of tasks are often beyond the skills and abilities of any single individual. However,
10791-458: The team working together towards the same goal. In an interdisciplinary team approach, members of the core team will often rôle-blend, taking on tasks usually filled by people in different roles on the team. These types of teams result in the highest potential for innovative work and motivation among its members. Team members determine the team's objectives and the means to achieve them. The management's only responsibility among self-directing teams
10900-404: The team. To understand how teams deliver extra performance, we need to distinguish between teams and working groups. A working group's performance is made up of the individual results of all its individual members. A team's performance is made up of both individual results and collective results. Teams produce work products/results though the joint contributions of team members. This is what makes
11009-577: The term "Christian school" is generally used to refer to schools operated by Evangelical, Pentecostal, Charismatic, or fundamentalist Christian churches. The role of the U.S. federal government in education is limited and indirect. Direct control of education is a power reserved to the states under the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution because the U.S. Constitution does not explicitly or implicitly give
11118-803: The term public schools ( escuelas públicas in Spanish , escolas públicas in Portuguese ) is used for educational institutions owned by the federal, state, or city governments which do not charge tuition. Such schools exist in all levels of education, from the very beginning through post-secondary studies. Mexico has nine years of free and compulsory primary and secondary education. Panama has 11 years of compulsory education, from pre-kindergarten to 9th grade, with children first entering at four or five years old and parents are required by law to give financial support to their children until they are 25 years old if they are studying. Education in Argentina
11227-421: The third stage, the group manages to work through the conflicts (identical to 'Norming' in Tuckman's model). And in the last stage, groups focus on team productivity (identical to 'Performing' in Tuckman's model). One aspect of teams that can set them apart from other groups is their level of autonomy. Hackman developed a hierarchical model of team autonomy which consists of four levels of team self-management. It
11336-640: The world. Western education became ingrained into Indian society with the establishment of the British Raj. Education in Indonesia is overseen by two government ministries: the Ministry of Education and Culture for all education matters up to the tertiary education, and the Ministry of Religious Affairs for Islamic school matters up to the tertiary education. Education may be obtained from state schools, private schools , or through homeschooling . There
11445-539: Was done by the British in terms of primary and secondary schooling. Other indigenous forms of education are being revived in various ways across India. According to current estimates, 80% of all Indian schools are government schools making the government the major provider of education. However, because of the poor quality of public education, 27% of Indian children are privately educated. According to some research, private schools often provide superior educational results at
11554-649: Was held at Anaheim Stadium, now known as Angel Stadium . State school A state school , public school , or government school is a primary or secondary school that educates all students without charge. They are funded in whole or in part by taxation and operated by the government of the state. State-funded schools are global with each country showcasing distinct structures and curricula. Government-funded education spans from primary to secondary levels, covering ages 4 to 18. Alternatives to this system include homeschooling , private schools , charter schools , and other educational options. In South Africa ,
11663-540: Was modelled after the public education systems of the Song and Tang Dynasties in China. Hak-Je involved operating national universities, called Gukjagam in the capital and called HyangAk in other regions. In King SeongJong Year 6, 987 A.D., a pair of a medical doctor and a scholarly doctor were appointed to administer academic systems and curriculums at Hyang-Ak: scholarly education included subjects of geography, history, math, law, and others. In King SeongJong Year 11, 992 A.D.,
11772-502: Was ranked eighth in the world. Education in Malaysia is overseen by two government ministries: the Ministry of Education for matters up to the secondary level, and the Ministry of Higher Education for tertiary education. Although education is the responsibility of the federal government, each state has an Education Department to help co-ordinate educational matters in their respective states. The main legislation governing education
11881-533: Was replaced by a synthetic track and the field was replaced with new natural grass. The field has since been replaced by imitation grass and turf. The school's marching band, called the "Royal Regiment", represented California at Ronald Reagan 's 1981 inaugural parade. " When Johnny Comes Marching Home " was played by the marching band as hostages were released from the American embassy in Tehran. In fall 1996,
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