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29-581: Fox Terriers are two different breeds of the terrier dog type : the Smooth Fox Terrier and the Wire Fox Terrier . Both of these breeds originated in the 19th century from a handful of dogs who are descended from earlier varieties of British terriers, and are related to other modern white terrier breeds. In addition, a number of breeds have diverged from these two main types of fox terrier and have been recognised separately, including

58-407: A life expectancy of 12.9 years from a sample of 52 deaths for the breed compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for crossbreeds . Toy Fox Terriers, like other toy breeds are prone to patellar luxation (slipped stifle), Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome and von Willebrand disease . Some Toy Fox Terrier breeders can trace their dogs' lineage back to a Smooth Fox Terrier called "Foiler",

87-691: A new hairless breed of terrier derived from the Rat Terrier called the American Hairless Terrier . When competing in conformation shows , most kennel clubs including the Fédération Cynologique Internationale group pedigree terrier breeds together in their own terrier group. The Fédération Cynologique Internationale grouped Terriers in Group 3. Toy Fox Terrier The Toy Fox Terrier

116-554: A short, hard coat which is predominantly white. It measures 14–15.5 inches (36–39 cm) at the withers , and weighs between 15–19 pounds (6.8–8.6 kg). The head of this breed is long and wedge shaped, with small, dark eyes and ears that are v-shaped. The breed has been identified as one of several Vulnerable Native Breeds in the UK. This is when there are fewer than 300 annual registrations with The Kennel Club . In 2010, there were 155 Smooth Fox Terriers registered, compared to 693 for

145-745: A single championship-winning dog. There are two main breeds of Fox Terrier, Smooth and Wire, both of which originate in England. In addition, there are several descendant breeds which have been developed in a variety of countries. For example, the American Toy Fox Terrier was developed from the Smooth Fox Terrier, Italian Greyhound , Manchester Terrier , Miniature Pinscher and Chihuahua breeds. Both major types of Fox Terrier are mostly white with coloured markings and have similar facial characteristics. They are essentially

174-485: A terrier breed, they are often active, though perhaps not as active as the Jack Russell Terrier , and are said to be well suited for older owners. They are quite trainable and often cited as making wonderful companions for people with disabilities. They are also very lovable and loyal to their owners. In addition, dogs of this breed tend not to bark very much if they are trained well. A 2024 UK study found

203-690: Is a small terrier breed of dog , directly descended from the larger Smooth Fox Terrier but since 1936, it has been registered in the United States with the UKC as a separate breed. Toy Fox Terriers are small dogs with a muscular and athletic appearance. Notable characteristic traits include a short glossy and predominantly white coat, coupled with a predominantly solid head, and a short, high-set tail. The breed has been deemed elegant and graceful with V-shaped ears and large eyes. The tail can be short and straight or long and shiny, and breeders often shorten

232-499: Is not known, he is also thought to have come from black and tan terrier stock. Of the female dogs from this period, Grove Nettle was the best known. In addition to those dogs, another named Old Tip is thought to be the forefather of the modern Wire Fox Terrier. The terrier of this period was short of leg, built in a chunky fashion, and had a skull that was broad across the top. Used in hunting packs and kept in kennels along with English Foxhounds , they were bred for their ability to drive

261-535: Is predisposed to atopic dermatitis . Terrier Most terrier breeds were refined from the older purpose-bred dogs. The gameness of the early hunting terriers was exploited by using them in sporting contests. Initially, terriers competed in events such as clearing a pit of rats. The dog that was the fastest in killing all the rats won. In the eighteenth century some terriers were crossed with hounds to improve their hunting, and some with fighting dog breeds to "intensify tenacity and increase courage". Some of

290-422: Is white with black markings and no tan accents. These variants are often known as 'Tri-Color', 'Chocolate', and 'White and Tan', and 'White and Black" respectively. The height ranges from 8.5–11.5 inches at the shoulder (21.5–29.2 cm) and weight from 3.5–9 kg. Toy Fox Terriers were used commonly in circus shows by clowns, and they are said to make great companions for owners with a good sense of humor. As

319-674: The Bull Terrier and Staffordshire Bull Terrier , into suitable family dogs and show terriers. Toy terriers have been bred from larger terriers and are shown in the Toy or Companion group. Included among these breeds are the English Toy Terrier and the Yorkshire Terrier . While small, they retain true terrier character and are not submissive " lap dogs ". Other descendants of the bull and terrier types, such as

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348-526: The Jack Russell Terrier , Miniature Fox Terrier and Rat Terrier . The Wire and Smooth Fox Terriers share similar characteristics, the main differences being in the coat and markings. They have been successful in conformation shows , more prominently in America than their homeland. English physician John Caius described the English terrier type in his 1577 work English Dogges . By the 18th century, it

377-586: The fox out of its den. Gradually the pace of the hunt became faster, and the terriers were bred with longer legs for more speed towards the end of the 18th century. However the increased size meant that the Fox Terrier became too big to be used for its original purpose, and its use in fox hunting began to decline. The Fox Terrier Club of England was founded in 1876, with the American Fox Terrier Club following nine years later, becoming

406-557: The Asian Gull Terrier , are among the dogs still raised for dog-fighting. Terriers range greatly in appearance from very small, light bodied, smooth coated dogs such as the English Toy Terrier (Black and Tan) , which weighs as little as 2.7 kg (6 lb), to the very large rough-coated Airedale Terriers , which can be up to 25 kg (56 lb) or more. As of 2004, the United Kennel Club recognized

435-743: The Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show, with four Best in Show titles going to the Smooth Fox Terrier and fourteen titles going to the Wire Fox Terrier. They were both shown as one breed with two coat variations; this changed in 1985 when the American Kennel Club listed the two as separate breeds. In the UK, at Crufts , the Smooth Fox Terrier has not won any Best in Show titles, while the Wire Fox Terrier has won on three occasions. The Smooth Fox Terrier has

464-691: The Wire Fox Terrier and 8,663 for the most popular breed in the Terrier Group , the Staffordshire Bull Terrier . The most successful dog at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show was Ch. Warren Remedy, who won the Best in Show title three times between 1907 and 1909. These victories were followed by a further Best in Show title for Ch. Sabine Rarebit in 1910. Despite the Smooth Fox Terrier breed winning

493-426: The breed included Ch. Talavera Simon, born in 1924, and Ch. Zeloy Emperor, born in 1960. Myasthenia gravis , a neuromuscular disease , is hereditary in the Smooth Fox Terrier through an autosomal recessive gene. This can also be a symptom of megaesophagus , which is a health issue for the Wire Fox Terrier. Another hereditary condition in the Smooth Fox Terrier is cataracts , which is more prevalent than average in

522-531: The breed. Both types of Fox Terrier can be susceptible to allergies. In a survey conducted by The Kennel Club , the primary cause of death for Fox Terriers was old age , causing 31.8% of reported deaths. The secondary cause was cancer of an unspecified type, which accounted for 22.7% of reports. The average lifespan of a Fox Terrier is around 15 years; the Kennel Club survey reported a median age at death of 13 years and 2 months. The wire-haired Fox Terrier

551-540: The creation and stabilisation of the breed. From 1870 onwards, a complete pedigree for Fox Terriers exists. Three dogs, known as Old Jock , Trap and Tartar, are the ancestors of most modern strains of white terrier. Old Jock was bred from a black and tan terrier, while Trap was from the strain out of Reverend John "Jack" Russell 's dogs. Russell would later have the Jack Russell Terrier series of breeds named after him. Although definitive history on Tartar

580-800: The crosses with fighting dogs, bull and terrier crosses, were used in the blood sport of dog-fighting. Modern pet breeds such as the Miniature Bull Terrier are listed by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) under Bull type terriers. Today, most terriers are kept as companion dogs and family pets. They are generally loyal and affectionate to their owners. In the 18th century in Britain, only two types of terriers were recognized, long- and short-legged. Today, terriers are often informally categorized by size or by function. Hunting-types are still used to find, track, or trail quarry, especially underground, and sometimes to bolt

609-460: The first breed speciality club to become a member of the American Kennel Club . A female Smooth Fox Terrier bred by Winthrop Rutherfurd named Warren Remedy was the first winner of Best in Show at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show in 1907, 1908, and 1909. Following the popularity of conformation dog shows , the Fox Terrier was the result of selective breeding . For instance, by 1949, 120 of 140 Wire Fox Terrier champions were descended from

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638-410: The first four Best in Show titles at Westminster, it has not won again since. The Wire Haired Fox Terrier has a hard and crisp double coat with a coarse texture underneath that provides protection from the cold. It should be so dense that the skin cannot be seen or felt. The individual hairs should twist, but are not curly. An average member of the breed should measure 14–15.5 inches (36–39 cm) at

667-641: The killing of foxes) and the Hunt Terrier (developed in southern England to locate, kill or bolt foxes during a traditional mounted fox hunt). The various combinations of bulldog and terrier that were used for bull-baiting and dog-fighting in the late 19th century were later refined into separate breeds that combined both terrier and bulldog qualities. Except for the Boston Terrier , they are generally included in kennel clubs' Terrier Group. Breeders have bred modern bull-type terrier breeds, such as

696-807: The quarry. Modern examples include the Jack Russell Terrier , the Jagdterrier , the Rat Terrier , and the Patterdale Terrier . There are also the short-legged terriers such as the Cairn Terrier , the Scottish Terrier , and the West Highland White Terrier , which were also used to kill small vermin. The original hunting terriers include the Fell Terrier (developed in northern England to assist in

725-455: The same except for differences in coats , and slight differences in colouration and markings. Markings on either type can appear black at birth on the head, but may lighten in adult life, the most common colours being tan and black. The markings are a type of piebald spotting. Although the two main breeds were originally commonly interbred, this no longer occurs in pure-bred lines. The Fox Terrier has been more successful than any other breed at

754-410: The tail a few days after birth by clipping it about three-fifths of the way from the tip (at the third or fourth joint). The coat is short, fine, and glossy in black with tan, with areas of tan on the face; there are two other variants, one with 'chocolate' replacing the black in areas (the UKC does not allow this variant to be shown), another which is all white with tan and no black at all, and one which

783-475: The white terriers in the kingdom." Dog writers of the early 20th century suggested that Pitch was a terrier- greyhound cross, which was how the colour was introduced into the breed. Not much is known of early 19th century breeding practices that came to create the modern Fox Terrier. However it is thought that the Beagle , Old English Bulldog , English Toy Terrier , Pointer and even Dalmatian were all used in

812-622: The withers and weigh 15–19 pounds (6.8–8.6 kg). It has similar features to the Smooth Fox Terrier, with small dark eyes and v-shaped ears. Its body is shorter than it is tall. King Edward VII owned a Wire Fox Terrier from the Notts kennel called Caesar of Notts, which did a great deal to popularise the breed at the turn of the 20th century. Another member of the Notts kennel was an early winner of Best Champion at Crufts in 1911 named Collarbone of Notts. Other individual dogs that greatly influenced

841-539: Was recorded that all terriers were wire haired, and black and tan in colour. The earliest record of any white terrier was a dog named Pitch, who was owned by Colonel Thomas Thornton in 1790. The dog was the subject of a painting by Sawrey Gilpin , who created a portrait of it while it was still alive. An engraving of this painting, made prior to 1810, was accompanied by the text, "It would be necessary to notice Colonel Thorton's terriers if they were only on account of his justly celebrated Pitch, from whom are descended most of

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