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40-581: Following the climax of the last ice age , the Lech-Wertach foreland glacier, which covered the entire Ostallgäu, gradually melted back from its maximum extent at Kaufbeuren . In the course of its retreat, as in the entire Pre-Alpine area, new morainic ridges were formed from the masses of debris carried by the ice from the mountains piled up at the edge of the glacial tongue whenever the glacier halted temporarily or advanced briefly again. These ridges can still be seen in today's landscape. Even though

80-668: A Lech storage reservoir. A draft paper from 1936/37 envisaged a storage target of 784 m above NHN , i.e. three meters higher than later, and a concrete dam with a built-in power plant. In 1940, the Bavarian Hydropower Works ( Bayerische Wasserkraftwerke or BAWAG) was founded to build hydropower stations on the Lech, the Lower Isar , and the Upper Danube . Due to the long construction period of

120-497: A U.S. airbase during the post-war period, the field was ultimately returned to the town on 16th December 1957, and today serves as a German Air Force training field. The Tänzelfest is a festival, which takes place usually at the end of June. Children reenact the history of the town in traditional costume. There are a lot of events at this time. The town is known for their ice hockey team ESV Kaufbeuren . They currently play in DEL2 ,

160-548: A height of 790 m above NHN , which was formed as water levels rose behind the ridge (tectonically formed sediments of the molasse , which exhibit greater resistant to erosion than the rocks of the Cretaceous Flysch zone adjoining them to the south) at the southern end of the Murnau Depression at the northern end of the present-day Forggensee. This lake may be viewed as the forerunner of

200-456: A memorandum on the utilization of water power on the Lech , according to which a dam with a height of 34 m, a crown length of 140 m and a total capacity of 65 million m was to be built. The First World War and economically difficult post-war years prevented the realisation of this project. The increasing demand for electricity in the interwar period aroused renewed interest in building

240-466: Is diverted several times and almost the whole river was canalized . For example, just north of Mittenwald all the river's water was diverted to the lake Walchensee in 1923 for the Walchensee hydroelectric plant. Since 1990 a small portion of the water, 4 cubic meters per second (roughly 1,100 U.S. gallons per second) is allowed to remain in the river Isar to prevent drought . The construction of

280-585: Is located some 12 km south of Lenggries . It has prevented the flooding of Munich , for example in 1979, 1999, and most recently in 2005. At Bad Tölz the Isar leaves the Bavarian Alps . Bad Tölz marks the river's transit from its upper to its middle course. The Isar river flows through a sub-alpine, glacial morainic landscape towards Wolfratshausen . Just north of the town the Loisach flows into

320-472: Is mentioned for the first time in 763 as Isura . Related names include: The Isar river drains a substantial part of the Bavarian Alps and parts of the Karwendel mountains. Apart from the larger tributaries Loisach and Amper many smaller rivers flow into the Isar. The drainage basin contains some 9,000 square kilometers (roughly 3,500 square miles). During the winter most of the precipitation in

360-476: Is stocked with pike , trout and eel . Two ships navigate the lake on two different routes. Kaufbeuren Kaufbeuren ( German pronunciation: [kaʊfˈbɔʏʁən] ; Bavarian : Kaufbeiren ) is an independent town in the Regierungsbezirk of Swabia , Bavaria. The town is an enclave within the district of Ostallgäu . Kaufbeuren consists of nine districts: Stefan Bosse (CSU)

400-689: Is the Lord Mayor of Kaufbeuren since November 2004. He was reelected in March 2014 with 57.48% of the votes and again in March 2020 with 54.5% of the votes. The Kaufbeuren Air Base was established as a Luftwaffe station in 1935. When seized by the United States Army in May 1945 at the end of World War II it was discovered to be the final location of Nazi Party 's top secret FA signals intelligence and cryptanalytic agency. After serving as

440-716: The Danube near Deggendorf . With 295 km length, it is among the longest rivers in Bavaria. It is Germany's second most important tributary of the Danube. One theory is that the name Isar stems from *es or *is in the Indo-European languages , meaning "flowing water", and later turned into a word with a meaning narrowed to frozen water (hence English ice , German : Eis ) in Proto-Germanic . The name itself

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480-525: The Sylvenstein Dam and numerous regulations relating to the river, pushed through in the early 19th century, have strongly enhanced its character. The construction of the Sylvenstein dam has prevented the river from overflowing its banks . Lately, there have been attempts to bring the Isar river closer back to a natural character. For example, since May 2000 the river is being re-naturalized in

520-653: The Walchensee Hydroelectric Power Station . 200 metres lower, the Walchensee Hydroelectric Power Station releases water into the Kochelsee . From here it flows into the river Loisach, Isar's second most important tributary. Not far down the Isar river is a large reservoir called Sylvensteinsee was created between 1954 and 1959 to make more energy generation possible and also to avoid flooding. It

560-402: The hydroelectric power available near Roßhaupten were made at the end of the 19th century. In 1898, Siemens & Halske bought the first plots of land in the area of the Lech water gap near Roßhaupten and received a licence to build a hydroelectric power plant, which, however, expired in 1907. In 1910, the "Royal Supreme Construction Authority" ( Königliche Oberste Baubehörde ) published

600-536: The Alps turns into snow . The snowmelt can result in an increased water flow down the Isar rivers during the spring meltdown. It has an average discharge at the mouth of 174 m /s. The official source of the Isar is located in the Hinterau valley east of the village Scharnitz in the Karwendel mountains at a height above sea level of 1160m. The Lavatschbach is the Isar's longest headstream. A further source for

640-613: The Forggensee and the smaller Pre-Alpine lakes in this region, most of which have survived. The foothills of the Alps were finally free of ice around 14,500 years ago. The resulting lake basins were filled with clay and silt deposits from glacial meltwaters in a relatively short time. Lake Füssen also visibly silted up, but it also flowed out through the Illasberg Gorge , which the River Lech gradually carved out through

680-623: The Forggensee is not a natural lake today, it is located in a basin that was filled by a much larger lake after the last ice age: when after the Würm Ice Age , the Lech Glacier continued to melt, initially forming large masses of dead ice , after which lakes formed in the basins. North of the Lech Waterfall was one of these glacial lakes, Lake Füssen ( Füssener See ), a waterbody with an area of 60 km whose surface lay at

720-569: The Isar. The Isar continues on to and through the Munich gravel plain which ends within the city limits of Munich. Further downstream the river passes Freising , then the Amper flows into the Isar, its most important tributary, at Moosburg . This is where the lower course of the Isar river begins. Passing Landshut , the river makes its way through the Tertiary Hills of Lower Bavaria all

760-578: The Schwangau villages Brunnen , Deutenhausen and Forggen , including 16 farms with 800 hectares of land east of the Lech were impacted by the flooding of Lake Forggen in 1954. On the west bank, the lower Osterreinen on the old road was demolished as were individual buildings near Dürracker and Füssen ; the Lower Weidachsiedlung near today's Füssen district of Weidach was completely relocated, 32 families having to leave their homes. Of

800-578: The affected buildings, only 14 houses from Deutenhausen survived: They were bought by Bavarian Hydropower in 1952 from Theodor Momm , the owner of the spinning mill of the same name in Kaufbeuren, demolished in the fall of 1954, and rebuilt by expellees in the area. Figures of saints from the Deutenhausen chapel, on the other hand, are now in St. Coloman near Schwangau. The former episcopal mill, which

840-417: The ashes of the convicted Nazi war criminals Joachim von Ribbentrop , Hans Frank , Wilhelm Keitel , Alfred Jodl , Alfred Rosenberg , Ernst Kaltenbrunner , Wilhelm Frick , Arthur Seyss-Inquart , Fritz Sauckel , and Julius Streicher were scattered in the Isar, as were those of Hermann Göring who had committed suicide the previous night in defiance of his scheduled execution. In the 1940s and 1950s

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880-450: The breakthrough of the Lech through the Illa's Gorge as originally planned, but about a kilometre downstream, so that the ecologically valuable gorge was lost in the process. On the lakeside, a five-meter-thick concrete apron was installed up to 20 meters deep into the rock. In the spring of 1952, the Lech was dammed here and diverted through a tunnel that had been built in the meantime. In

920-406: The city of Munich . The municipal wastewater treatment has also been upgraded along the river. The water pollution , however, is still relatively high. Together with other cities and communities along the river Isar, Munich has set a goal to reduce the number of germs. The sewer treatment plants on the upper river are now disinfecting the raw sewage with ultraviolet . To preserve the beauty of

960-439: The farmers and their descendants who lived in what is now the Forggensee area can still be found in the surrounding communities today. Construction of the dam began in early 1951 after new access roads and a residential camp for up to 1,000 workers had been built. To ensure the dam structure was watertight, the entire dam and its associated structures were built directly on rock; For geological reasons, this did not happen directly at

1000-527: The federal state of Bavaria financed the construction of major hydroelectric power plants, the Sylvenstein reservoir on the Isar was constructed between 1954 and 1959. From 2000 till 2011 the Isarplan was implemented to reduce the risk of flooding. The planning and implementation was the responsibility of the Regional Office for Water Management and the city of Munich . Embankments were removed and

1040-534: The former path from Brunnen to Forggen, you will come across the foundation walls and brick remains of a Roman villa rustica that were cleared in 1974. Such manor houses supplied travellers on the Roman roads. According to the Bavarian State Office for Monument Protection , a solid road embankment that is still clearly visible there and aligned with the landmarks Auerberg in the north and Säuling in

1080-622: The hollows of the former lake bed have survived: the Bannwald- , Hopfen- , Schwansee and Weißensee . The Alpsee , on the other hand, was always an independent lake. A magnificent wild river landscape developed in the Lech Valley , the Lechauen, whose river arms, gravel banks, and extensive floodplains were habitats for a rich fauna and flora ; so the red deer that came down from the mountains wintered there. The first plans for using

1120-401: The originally planned storage height of 784 m above NHN would have resulted in larger resettlements of 1,500 to 2,000 people and, especially in the area around Schwangau, significant loss of agricultural land. The 1999 Pentecost flood gave an impression of the scale of this when the lake level on 22 May 1999 at 782.91 m above NHN was just over a metre lower than

1160-485: The originally planned water level. BAWAG, meanwhile only responsible for expanding the Lech dams, began building the Lech Reservoir in 1950. This led to strong protests from the residents, who founded a protective association and reached a largely satisfactory agreement with BAWAG in the 1952 Schwangau Agreement. For those affected, either new farms could be found nearby or new houses were built. Above all, many of

1200-414: The remaining two years until its completion at the end of 1954, the remaining structures were built and the dam was flooded. The building materials were largely obtained from the reservoir itself. The Roßhaupten Dam was renovated in 2018, which is why the lake was not filled in 2018 (as it is every spring). In 2019 the lake was reflooded. Altogether 32 residential buildings with 256 inhabitants (1950) from

1240-408: The river bed was widened, establishing connections to surrounding flood plains. Riverbed rock ramps were constructed so that fish can move upstream again. Since the 1920s the water of the river Isar has been used for the generation of electricity. This has had far-reaching consequences for the local fauna and flora. To provide the 28 hydroelectric power plants with enough water power the river's water

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1280-484: The river's sediments during the 16th and 17th century. However, there was no big economic revenue in this due to the minor amounts of the metal found in the river. Industrialization gave rise to a sociotechnical system were the Isar River was economically exploited through multifunctional use. Over forty hydropower plants were built on the Isar to electrify Bavaria. Following their executions on October 16, 1946,

1320-755: The second level of ice hockey in Germany. Kaufbeuren is also known for its soccer team which plays in the Bezirksliga South. [1] Kaufbeuren is twinned with: Isar The Isar ( pronounced [ˈiːzaʁ] ) is a river in Austria and in Bavaria , Germany . Its source is in the Karwendel mountain range of the Alps . The Isar river enters Germany near Mittenwald and flows through Bad Tölz , Munich , and Landshut before reaching

1360-525: The south could be a Roman road that has fallen into oblivion, which perhaps represents a connection from the Roman settlement of Tegelberg to Via Claudia Augusta and its trading station at Osterreinen. It is, therefore, possible that an additional Roman road ran from Pinswang through the Alpsee saddle and via the Roman settlement on Tegelberg , which was used seasonally. The lake provides ideal conditions for surfing, sailing, fishing, and boating. The lake

1400-402: The southern part of the river's passage through the city of Munich. The riverbed is being widened, the banks are flattened and small gravel islands are built along with near-natural rock ramps to slow the waterflow. Besides an improved protection against flooding the Isar river was, thus, brought into an almost natural state and this resulted in an improved quality of the recreational area within

1440-752: The southern wing of the Murnau Depression near today's barrage no. 1 at Roßhaupten . In this gorge, the Lech cuts through the steep strata of the tertiary Lower Marine Molasse and the Lower Freshwater Molasse ( Tertiary ), from south to north these are the strata of the Deutenhausen Formation, the clay marl strata, the rock strata and in particular the Weißach strata of the Lower Freshwater Molasse (Illasberg, Zwieselberg, Senkele). Only small lakes in

1480-552: The war years, the planned start of construction of the Roßhaupten Reservoir was postponed. Only the Lech levels 7 to 15 between Landsberg and Schongau could be built in the years 1940 to 1950 - the smaller plants could be built faster. After the end of the Second World War , the Lech reservoir project was resumed. After tough negotiations, the storage target was set at 781 m above NHN -

1520-407: The way into the Danube river. The Isar river descends some 848m to flow into the Danube, about five kilometres away from Deggendorf . Among Central European habitats, Alpine rivers are ranked among those most substantially altered by humans over the past hundred years. The Isar Rivers are now protected from development. At the lower Isar between Moosburg and Plattling gold was washed from

1560-708: The young Isar is the Birkkarbach, which has its sources in the Birkkarspitze mountain. The Isar enters Upper Bavaria after ca. 22 km just north of Scharnitz , the Isar is dammed for the first time between Mittenwald and Krün . Some of the Isar waters are channeled via the Rißbach into the Walchensee , the Rißbach flow direction having been reversed. The Isar water flows into the giant downpipes of

1600-533: Was moved from Waltenhofen to Forggen in 1644, was probably the most important building among the larger individual farms; today its foundation walls are crumbling on the lake bed. At the northern end of the lake, the Dösinger local researcher Sigulf Guggenmos (1941–2018) discovered various important archaeological sites, including traces of Mesolithic hunting stations and a Late Celtic or Roman place of sacrifice . A few hundred metres from today's shore, on

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