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110-623: The CVH was produced in capacities from 1.1 to 2.0 L, with the smallest version offered exclusively in continental Europe, and the largest only in North America. Engines for North America were built in Ford's Dearborn Engine plant, while engines for Europe and the UK were built in Ford's then-new Bridgend Engine plant in Wales . The engine was originally conceived in 1974, and was a key plank of

220-888: A DOHC turbo model with full-time 4WD was offered as a companion car to the Mazda Familia GT-X, now producing 180 PS (132 kW; 178 hp) from an increased displacement of 1.8 litres. In Australia, this model was released in March 1990 as the KF series and updated in October 1991 with the KH facelift. Local production of the Laser in Australia ceased on 4 September 1994 when Ford closed its plant in Flemington , and imported

330-603: A $ 50 million mechanical treatment facility. Ford Laser#South Africa The Ford Laser is a compact car , originally a subcompact car in the first three generations, which was sold by Ford in Asia, Oceania, and parts of South America and Africa. It has generally been available as a sedan or hatchback, although convertible, wagon and pick-up versions have also been available in different markets. The sedan, and briefly station wagon, versions were badged Ford Meteor in Australia between 1982 and 1987. The Ford Meteor name

440-659: A 1.6 L CVH for use in their SEAT Toledo based vehicles. Chery purchased the production line for this engine in England, which was then transferred to Anhui. The first engines left the production line in May 1999. The engine is codenamed SQR480. Chery replaced the CVH with their own ACTECO engines . Applications: Standard 1.6 L output started at 65 hp (48 kW) and 85 lb⋅ft (115 N⋅m). The early North American engines are built with cast pistons and connecting rods,

550-522: A 4-2-1 header, higher-lift (0.240") camshaft, a 32/34 Weber carburetor, a dual-snorkel air-box, and high-dome pistons making 9.0:1–9.5:1 compression making 74 hp (55.2 kW) in 1982 and 80 hp (59.7 kW) in 1983–1985. A 1.6 L EFI motor became an option in 1983 through 1985. It had all the features of the HO (Higher Output) motor but had a totally different intake system to allow for multi-point EFI running on Ford's EEC-IV ECU. The 1.6 EFI shares

660-452: A Pierburg 2E3 carburettor or single point fuel injection on later models. Applications The CVH was enlarged to 1.9 L for the 1986 model year North American Escort. Bore and stroke are 82 mm × 88 mm (3.23 in × 3.46 in). This stroke length was later used in the 2.0 L CVH engine, and again in the Zeta engine which replaced it. The long stroke necessitated

770-560: A TRX package that included upgraded suspension and specialty Michelin tires. Applications The 1.8 L CVH was only used in the European Ford Sierra. Bore is the same 80 mm (3.15 in) as the 1.6 L CVH, but a different crankshaft with a stroke of 88 mm (3.46 in) raises displacement to 1,769 cc (108.0 cu in). The cylinder head is equipped with hydraulic roller camshaft followers to reduce noise. Utilises an ESC Hybrid management system, and

880-586: A U.S. steelmaker. The new Dearborn Truck factory famously features a vegetation-covered roof and rainwater reclamation system designed by sustainability architect William McDonough . This facility is still Ford's largest factory and employs some 6,000 workers. Mustang production, however, has moved to the Flat Rock Assembly Plant in Flat Rock, Michigan . Tours of the Rouge complex were

990-511: A facelift of the KC series, the KE. There were a number of notable changes with the introduction of the KE. The "Meteor" name was dropped from the sedan and wagon body styles, meaning they were now badged as "Laser", like the hatchback variants. The TX3 was also now available with a turbocharged engine and all-wheel-drive (AWD) as options. The TX3 Turbo with AWD is now very rare and highly sought after. The AWD

1100-400: A failure can happen as early as 70,000 mi (110,000 km). When the valve seat drops out of the cylinder head, it falls into the cylinder and damages the cylinder wall, piston , and cylinder head . In some cases, the valve seat is drawn from its cylinder through the intake manifold into another cylinder, where it causes damage. Apart from Ford's own models, the CVH engine was used in

1210-559: A first for a European Ford engine. In North America the engine was sold under different names, being called the "1.9L SEFI" from 1991 to 1996 in that market's Ford Escort, the "Split Port Induction 2000" or SPI2000 from 1997 to 2002, while from 2000 to 2004 it was simply the "Split Port" when offered in the Ford Focus. The 1.1 L CVH had the shortest production life of the different variants. Bore × stroke are 74 mm × 65 mm (2.9 in × 2.6 in), and displacement

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1320-494: A five-speed manual transmission, and five-door hatchback or four-door saloon bodywork. Later, a non-emissions scrubbed Laser TX-3 three-door hatchback with the fuel injected B6 1.6-litre engine became available. This produced a claimed 104 PS (76 kW) at 6000 rpm. The production for general buyers was stopped in 1989, but the GL sedan with 1.3-litre E3 engine was continued to available for taxi fleet until 1997. In Taiwan,

1430-411: A long tradition. Free bus tours of the facility began in 1924 and ran until 1980, at their peak hosting approximately a million visitors per year. They resumed in 2004 in cooperation with The Henry Ford Museum with multimedia presentations, as well as viewing of the assembly floor. The Ford Rouge Factory Tour had 148,000 visitors in 2017. Hourly workers from both Ford and Cleveland Cliffs facilities at

1540-424: A low-flow version of the CVH head, flat hydraulic lifters, a 0.229" lift camshaft, 32/32 Weber-licensed carburetor, cast exhaust manifold, and low-dome pistons. Over the years compression ratios ranged from 8.5:1–9.0:1, while power started at 65 hp (48 kW) in 1981, rising to 74 hp (55 kW) by 1985. A 1.6 L High Output (HO) motor became available in late 1982 through 1985. Changes to it included

1650-568: A major change in design; looking very different from the previous KH model. The three-door hatchback was known as the Laser Lynx and the five-door as the Laser Liata. The new KJ Laser was introduced in 1994 with variants, facelifts (KL of December 1996 and KM of December 1997) and engine driveline improvements continuing up until the last of the KM series were released in 1999. The KJ Laser was

1760-413: A minimally restricted path for additional air to maximize volumetric efficiency and power. With SPI this engine produces 110 hp (82 kW) and 125 lb⋅ft (169 N⋅m). The additional displacement is achieved by boring the 1.9 L engine to 84.8 mm (3.34 in). As with the 1.9, the water pump is driven by the timing belt. Like the 1.9 L, this engine is a non-interference design. It

1870-634: A new assembly facility on the Miller Road side of the complex, currently producing Ford F-150 pickup trucks. The River Rouge complex manufactured most of the components of Ford vehicles, starting with the Model T. Many of the vehicles were compiled into " knock-down kits ", then sent by railroad to various branch assembly locations across the United States in major metropolitan cities to be locally assembled, using local supplies as necessary. After

1980-506: A number of vehicles built by small volume manufacturers, and was offered as an option in some owner-assembled cars. Several companies also began supplying performance parts and complete engines for CVH owners in search of more power. Small volume applications: Kit car applications: Tuners: In 1982 the German company Dr. Schrick GmbH , later renamed AVL Schrick , developed a double overhead camshaft (DOHC) multi-valve cylinder head for

2090-503: A raised engine block deck, a design also shared with later units. All 1.9s from 1989 on are equipped with a roller camshaft and roller lifters. The camshaft and water pump are driven by the timing belt. This engine is a non-interference design. Output is 86 hp (64 kW) and 100 lb⋅ft (136 N⋅m) with a carburetor. In models with electronic single-point fuel injection (or throttle-body injection, called Central Fuel Injection (CFI) by Ford), an additional 4 hp (3.0 kW)

2200-550: A slightly raised piston crown. The carburetor is a Weber twin venturi 28/32 TLDM unit. Power output is improved to 90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp) with the benefit of improved torque and fuel economy. EFI versions used in the Escort XR3i, 1.6i and Fiesta XR2i retained hemispherical combustion chambers. From the 1989 model year all EFI variants are fitted with the Ford EEC-IV ECU. Applications Chery manufactured

2310-492: A three-story structure, is part of the legendary Dearborn Assembly Plant, which started producing Model A's in the late 1920s and continued production of Ford full-sized coupes and sedans through 2004. After the war, production turned to Fordson tractors . Although the Rouge produced nearly all the parts of the Model T , assembly of that vehicle remained at Highland Park . It was not until 1927 that automobile production began at

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2420-436: Is 1,117 cc (68.2 cu in). It debuted in the 1980 Escort MkIII for Continental Europe only, where it was offered as an alternative to the 1.1 L Valencia overhead valve (OHV) engine, which was the only 1.1 L engine offered in UK market Escorts. The 1.1 L CVH offered negligible improvements in economy or performance over the older Valencia unit, which was simpler and cheaper to manufacture, and hence

2530-446: Is a form of variable-length intake manifold . In this system, the intake path to each intake valve is split into primary and secondary passages. The primary passage contains the injector for the cylinder, and introduces the air tangentially to the cylinder for maximum swirl. The secondary passage contains an intake manifold runner control (IMRC) deactivation valve which opens for high speed and wide-open throttle (WOT) situations to provide

2640-466: Is known for producing excessive sludge if the service schedule is ignored or if poor quality oil is used. The cause is the design of the crankcase ventilation circuit, which Ford revised several times over the engine's lifetime but never completely cured. Due to this, camshaft and tappet wear problems are common. A worn camshaft can cause heavy clattering and ticking from the engine's top end, especially at high engine speeds. A common problem with later CVHs

2750-680: Is modified to provide an oil return from the turbocharger . Crankshaft and connecting rods are identical to the standard 1.6 L models, but the Mahle pistons are unique to the RS Turbo, and are manufactured using a pressure cast method which makes them considerably stronger and more expensive than the normal cast pistons. The compression ratio was reduced to 8.3:1, allowing the use of higher boost pressure. The engine only needs 7 psi (0.48 bar) of boost to produce its quoted power output. Applications The North American 1.6 turbocharged CVH

2860-450: Is mostly due to the cylinder head and valvetrain design. At 220 lb (100 kg) at full lift, the valve springs in the CVH are considerably stiffer than is typical in other engines due to the angle at which the valves are positioned in the combustion chamber - necessitated by the need to create a "hemi" design with a single camshaft. The stiff springs are needed to prevent valve float, which they do up to around 6700 rpm, and also overcome

2970-729: Is produced, while torque is little changed. Multi-point fuel injection and hemispherical combustion chambers are features of the 1986 Escort GT's EFI HO engine, raising output to 108 hp (81 kW) and 114 lb⋅ft (155 N⋅m). The 90 hp (67 kW) 1.9 L CFI engine of the late 1980s, particularly when equipped with either the four- or five-speed manual transaxle , was noted for delivering outstanding fuel economy. The four-speed Escort Pony models achieved better mileage than five-speed cars, with upwards of 30 mpg ‑US (7.8 L/100 km; 36 mpg ‑imp ) in city driving and 40–45 mpg ‑US (5.9–5.2 L/100 km; 48–54 mpg ‑imp ) on

3080-534: Is the last CVH engine made, and production ended with the 2004 Ford Focus LX/SE sedan and wagons. These engines have "2.0L Split Port" in raised letters on the top of the valve cover. Applications Throughout its 20-year production life, the CVH had a reputation for excessive noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH). Jeremy Clarkson said of the CVH-powered Escort that " it was powered by engines so rough, even Moulinex wouldn't use them ". This harshness

3190-474: Is their tendency to drop a valve seat, which happens most often in VIN number P engines. This can occur with no warning, even if the engine has been well maintained. In most cases, a seat drops on the number 4 cylinder, with the next most common being the number 2 cylinder. With the factory valve seats, the typical life of the 2.0 L SPI in a Focus is about 100,000 to 120,000 mi (160,000 to 190,000 km), but

3300-579: The Holden Camira . The Meteor's front styling and grille differed from the corresponding Laser. The Meteor styling was based on the Japanese market Mazda Familia (BD) sedan. Lighting changes included the replacement of the Laser's amber front turn signals with clear lenses, plus the fitment of larger, flush headlamps over the Laser's smaller lights that were "sunken" into an enclosure. The Meteor grille had more of an " eggcrate " pattern than

3410-687: The Mazda 323 (BF) facelift styling. A performance five-door hatchback TX3 Turbo was also available in Taiwan with a 130 PS (96 kW) 1.6-liter DOHC turbo engine. A version of the KC Laser, the Mercury Tracer , was marketed in the US and Canada, available as a hatchback and wagon only. The Tracer hatchback shared its bodyshell with its Laser counterpart, but the wagon was a distinct design based on

Ford CVH engine - Misplaced Pages Continue

3520-630: The Rouge complex , River Rouge , or The Rouge ) is a Ford Motor Company automobile factory complex located in Dearborn, Michigan , along the River Rouge , upstream from its confluence with the Detroit River at Zug Island . Construction began in 1917, and when it was completed in 1928, it was the largest integrated factory in the world, surpassing Buick City , built in 1904. It inspired

3630-834: The Île Seguin Renault factory in 1920, the GAZ factory built in the 1930s in the Soviet Union , the Volkswagen factory near Fallersleben in Germany from 1938, the FIAT factory at Torino ( FIAT Mirafiori factory ) in Italy from 1939 as well as the later Hyundai factory complex in Ulsan, South Korea , which was developed beginning in the late 1960s. Designed by Albert Kahn , River Rouge

3740-491: The "Erika" world car programme which spawned both the third-generation European Escort and the 1981 North American car of the same name. Although the European and North American Escorts ended up being substantially different from each other in execution, the CVH engine was the one major common part shared between them. The CVH largely replaced the overhead valve Kent ("Crossflow") engine in Ford of Europe's portfolio, although

3850-420: The "L" but with satin chrome half-width centre caps (only covering the centre of the wheel), a digital clock on the top of the dashboard, cloth interior trim, grey body side mouldings, a rear windscreen wiper, grey tailgate and beaver panel garnishes and 50/50 split-fold rear seat. The stereo was an analogue-tuned AM/FM unit with a basic cassette player. Air conditioning was optional as a dealer-fit accessory. Power

3960-640: The "Sport" variant from the KB series. Unlike the Sport, the TX3 was only available as a three-door (the Taiwanese TX3 was available in a five-door version only). The "L" and "GL" models were no longer available as a three-door. A notable change was the introduction of engines capable of running on 91 RON unleaded petrol (this became mandatory in Australia from 1986). The E5 1.5-litre SOHC carburettored engine that

4070-469: The 'short block' Valencia version of the Kent remained in production for many decades (ironically outliving the CVH by two years) - positioned below the CVH as an entry level engine in the smallest capacity Fiesta and Escort models. The CVH is a cam-in-head design, a type of overhead camshaft engine with a single camshaft mounted low in the head, operating two valves per cylinder via rocker arms. As indicated by

4180-566: The 1.1-litre (base and Ritz), 1.3-litre (GL), and 1.5-litre (Sport) engines, while the Laser sedan (base, L, Ghia) was available with the 1.1-, 1.3 and 1.5-litre engines respectively, with the Ghia having an automatic transmission option. The Laser was also sold in some countries in Latin America , including Argentina . This was identical to the KA version sold in Australia. In Mexico, however,

4290-419: The 1.1-million-square-foot (100,000 m ) Dearborn truck assembly plant was covered with more than 10 acres (4.0 ha) of sedum , a low-growing groundcover . The sedum retains and cleanses rainwater and moderates the internal temperature of the building, saving energy. The roof is part of an $ 18 million rainwater treatment system designed to collect and clean rainwater annually, sparing Ford from

4400-480: The 1.3 L Mazda E engine used in these cars and was itself replaced by the 1.3 L Mazda B engine . Applications The CVH-PTE is a revised version of the 1.4 L CVH introduced on the European Ford Fiesta 1.4 Si and Ford Escort in 1994. It features multi-point injection and a thicker crankcase to reduce harshness at high revs. Through the 1990s it was gradually phased out in favour of

4510-512: The 1.3 L CVH in the Escort, Orion and Fiesta from early 1986. Bore and stroke are 77.2 mm × 74.3 mm (3.04 in × 2.93 in), and displacement is 1,392 cc (84.9 cu in). In European trim, this engine produced 75 hp (55 kW). Known as the 'Lean Burn' engine, it was designed primarily for fuel economy and featured a different cylinder head than other CVH engines. The Ford variable venturi carburetor

Ford CVH engine - Misplaced Pages Continue

4620-433: The 1.6 L CVH block. Each of the two overhead camshafts is installed in a separate camshaft carrier that is attached to the main body of the cylinder head. Each carrier has its own cam cover. Fitted with an original RS1600i engine intake manifold, a tubular exhaust manifold, and modified ignition, prototype engines developed 99 kW (133 hp). In contrast to cylinder head conversions produced for Ford by Cosworth ,

4730-399: The 1960s, Ford began to decentralize manufacturing, building several factories in major metropolitan centers. The Rouge was downsized, with units (including the famous furnaces and docks) sold off to independent companies, many still operating independently to this day. On May 26, 1937, a group of workers attempting to organize a union at the Rouge were severely beaten, an event later called

4840-720: The Battle of the Overpass . Peter E. Martin 's respect for labor led to Walter Reuther , a UAW leader, allowing Martin to be the only Ford manager to retrieve his papers or gain access to the plant. The Rouge was one of only three locations where Ford manufactured the Mustang; the other sites were Metuchen Assembly in Edison, New Jersey , and San Jose Assembly in Milpitas, California . By 1987, only Mustang production remained at

4950-476: The Dearborn Assembly Plant (DAP). In 1987 Ford planned to replace that car with the front wheel drive Ford Probe , but public outcry quickly turned to surging sales. With the fourth-generation Mustang a success, the Rouge was saved as well. Ford decided to modernize its operations. A gas explosion on February 1, 1999, killed six employees and injured two dozen more, resulting in the idling of

5060-763: The European Ford Escort in New Zealand during 1997 but was discontinued locally at the end of the year, the Escort hatchback and sedan replacing it for just 16 months between January 1998 and May 1999 when the new KN Laser was introduced. For 1995 in Taiwan , Ford Lio Ho Motor assembled the Laser sedan branded as the Ford Liata ; the Lynx three-door version was rebranded as the Ford Aztec . However,

5170-486: The GL sedan and hatch. The Redline featured the TX3's alloy wheels, two-tone paint and red inserts in the body-side mouldings and bumpers, air conditioning, and a tachometer. The Livewire featured yellow inserts in the body side mouldings and bumpers, a body coloured grille, air conditioning, and a tachometer. Both models had 5-speed manual transmission (as opposed to the standard 4-speed) as standard, with 3-speed automatic transmission as an option. KE model range; The Laser

5280-404: The KC. In mid-1989, in preparation for a new Australian Design Rules (ADRs) to come into effect in 1990, all models were fitted with a high-mount rear stop lamp as standard. When the redesigned KF Laser was introduced in March 1990, the wagon continued in a sole GL specification, with minor upgrades until September 1994, when Australian production of the Laser ceased. The "L" is quite rare, as it

5390-520: The Laser as new vehicles at once at its dealerships—the new KJ Laser, the previous-generation KH Laser as a five-door hatchback, and the older-shape KE Laser station wagon. These were assembled at the VANZ factory in Wiri , Auckland until 1997 when Ford NZ discontinued local assembly. The second update KM Laser was not sold in New Zealand. The KL Laser, now replaced in Australia, continued to be sold alongside

5500-739: The Laser hatchback, rather than the sedan, as was the case with the Meteor wagon. US versions of the Tracer were built in Mexico at Ford's Hermosillo Stamping and Assembly plant, whereas for the Canadian market, Ford opted to import the Mercury Tracer from Taiwan 's Ford Lio Ho Motor instead. In Bermuda , however, the KE Laser was sold locally in right hand drive badged as a Ford. The Laser

5610-835: The Liata five-door version was not available in Taiwan, although the Mazda 323 was sold as a rebadged version of the Laser sedan only. In Latin America, this generation of Laser was assembled in Colombia and Venezuela , alongside its Mazda 323 counterpart, known as the Mazda Allegro. Engine Specifications: Fifth generation "BJ" series models were renamed "Laser Lidea" in Japan in December 1998, with popularity falling even further than

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5720-564: The Mazda 323. Introduced in April 1982, Ford Meteor was the name given to the sedan version of the Laser. Designated as the GA series, the Meteor featured conventional three-box styling with a 60/40 folding rear seat to increase luggage capacity that was already considered "very large for the class". Compared to the Laser, the front seats could be moved back a little further at the expense of rear seat passengers. To further improve practicality,

5830-542: The Meteor had a difficult undertaking replacing the Cortina, which offered engine displacements from 2.0 litres for the inline-four, up to a 4.1-litre inline-six, plus a station wagon option. However, the Meteor's pitch as the Cortina replacement was merely a temporary measure prior to the introduction of the Telstar mid-sized sedan and hatchback in May 1983. In Australia, the Meteor directly competed against

5940-478: The Meteor's spare wheel could be relocated from the floor to an upright position to increase boot depth from 410 to 585 millimetres (16.1 to 23.0 in). The additional length of 195 millimetres (7.7 in) over the Laser hatchback was used by Ford Australia to justify the Meteor as replacement to the TF Cortina . In Australia, the Meteor was only available with the 1.5-litre engine and five-speed manual transmission or optional three-speed automatic. Consequently,

6050-503: The Mk2 Escort. In New Zealand, the Laser was sold as both a hatchback and sedan, the Meteor name not being used in that market, and was later joined by the Mazda 323 at the renamed Vehicle Assemblers of New Zealand (VANZ) plant in Wiri , Auckland in a joint venture between Ford New Zealand and Mazda. 323s initially had been assembled at the Motor Industries International plant in Otahuhu, subsequently taken over by Mazda New Zealand. New Zealand-built Ford Laser hatchbacks were available with

6160-483: The Rouge complex have been renovated and converted to "green" structures with a number of environmentally friendly features. In the summer of 1932, through Edsel Ford 's support, Mexican artist Diego Rivera was invited to study the facilities at the Rouge. These studies informed his set of murals known as Detroit Industry . The plant's first products were Eagle Boats , World War I anti-submarine warfare boats produced in Building B. The original Building B,

6270-426: The Rouge, with the introduction of the Ford Model A. During World War II the Rouge complex produced jeeps, aircraft engines, aircraft components and parts, tires and tubes, armor plate, and tractors. Other Rouge products included the 1932 Model B , the original Mercury , the Ford Thunderbird , Mercury Capri , and four decades of Ford Mustangs . The old assembly plant was idled with the construction and launch of

6380-425: The Schrick cylinder head never went into series production. With the introduction of the multi-valve Zetec engine, Schrick stopped development. The ZVH or ZE-VH engine mounts a CVH 8 valve cylinder head on a Zeta/Zetec engine block. This is possible because the cylinder bore spacing, locations of the water and oil passages, and the cylinder head bolts on these engines are identical. This combination of parts allowed

6490-415: The Tonic and Tracer, a rebadged version of the locally manufactured BF series Mazda 323 hatchback, which was sold until 2003. There was also a coupe utility version with facelifted Mazda 323 BF styling, sold as Ford Bantam and Mazda Rustler. The third generation BG series of 1989 to 1994 went on to be the most popular Laser sold in Japan, with the new "coupé" (liftback) version an instant success. Again,

6600-404: The basis of later Escort models sold in North America from 1990 for the 1991 model year, which is not to be confused with the model of the same name sold in Europe. The Escort name was retained for the new model due to both strong brand equity on the Escort name as well as Chrysler already using the Laser name for the Plymouth Laser . The Escort wagon seen in North America during this generation

6710-405: The body side mouldings and bumpers, red tailgate garnish and orange beaver panel garnish. Air conditioning and power windows were optional. The stereo was a digitally tuned AM/FM unit, which featured a cassette player with Dolby enhanced sound. The 1.6-litre engine was fitted as standard, with EFI optional (standard on wagon), with either 5-speed manual or 3-speed automatic transmission (EFI automatic

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6820-438: The complex are represented by UAW Local 600. A fleet of three Ford-owned Great Lakes freighters initially named for the Ford grandsons and later renamed for top company executives, was based at the River Rouge Plant. The deckhouse of the SS Benson Ford was transported by crane barge to Put-in-Bay, Ohio and placed on an 18-foot cliff as a private home above Lake Erie. In September, 2020 Ford announced construction of

6930-482: The contemporary Mazda Familia BFMR). AWD models for sedan and wagon/van were also available for sale. This added up to an extremely convoluted Japanese product line, which was later streamlined in 1987 with a mid-life model refresh (KE series in other markets). This refresh dropped E-series engines in favour of all-new B-series equivalents, poorer-selling variants were discontinued, and minor changes were made to exterior styling and interior trim. The commercial van model

7040-465: The earlier E engines. These were later in turn replaced by Mazda's B3 1.3-litre and F6 1.6-litre engines. South African models of the Laser and Meteor also gained the 2.0-litre FE SOHC 8-valve and FE-DOHC EFi 16-valve engine from 1991 to 1993, the later was available for the flagship 20i RS. The KC/KE Laser and Meteor remained in production in South Africa until 1995, when the Escort was reintroduced. However, Ford introduced an entry-level model called

7150-514: The engine's lifespan. The turbocharged engine featured a specially designed cam profile (0.240", comparable to the 1.6 HO and EFI camshafts), a Ford Performance/SVO modified head (comparable to European 1.6s), the EFI intake manifold, a unique cast exhaust manifold, low-dome pistons, and Ford's top-of-the-line EFI and ECU. These engines only appeared in the 1984–1985 Ford Escort GT Turbo and 1984–1985 Ford EXP Turbo, of which only about 10,000 were made in total. The 1.6 turbocharged Fords came standard with

7260-457: The first Laser manufactured wholly in Japan, following Ford Australia's decision to close their Flemington plant. However, the KJ was disappointing in sales numbers mainly because of the smaller Festiva and other cheaper South Korean cars from Hyundai, Kia and Daewoo to which many conservative buyers flocked. With the introduction of the KJ Laser in 1994, Ford New Zealand found itself in a unique position, offering three different generations of

7370-421: The first-generation Laser had a front end similar to the North American Mazda GLC . In addition, it was sold in right hand drive markets in the Caribbean such as Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago , where it was locally assembled. Assembly of the Laser also occurred in Malaysia and Indonesia (in right hand drive ) and in left hand drive for markets like Taiwan and the Philippines . In Taiwan, it

7480-423: The front passenger seat, full-size interior door trims, vanity mirror in passenger sun visor, ticket holder in driver's sun visor, felt interior headlining and sunvisors, rear headrests, additional warning lights in the instrument cluster, central locking with illuminated driver's door lock barrel, remote exterior mirrors, front door map pockets, front seatback pockets, additional reading lamps, chrome insert strips in

7590-451: The highway not being uncommon. The second generation American Escort received sequential electronic fuel injection (SEFI) for 1991–1996 (sharing the same head as the 1.9 CFI), but power and torque are little changed at 88 hp (66 kW) and 108 lb⋅ft (146 N⋅m) respectively. Applications The 2.0 L was introduced in the 1997 North American Escort sedan and wagon as the SPI2000. Ford's Split Port Induction (SPI) system

7700-423: The last vehicle built at the historic site. Demolition of the historic DAP facility was completed in 2008. All that remains is a 3000 place parking lot to hold light truck production from the new Dearborn Truck Plant. Today, the Rouge site is home to Ford's Rouge Center. This industrial park includes six Ford factories on 600 acres (2.4 km ) of land, as well as steelmaking operations run by Cleveland Cliffs,

7810-461: The name, the valves in original versions are mounted at a compound angle in order to allow for a hemispherical combustion chamber , but without the need for dual camshafts (or an elaborate rocker system) which a "hemi" engine normally requires. The later "lean burn" versions of the engine launched in 1986 had reshaped combustion chambers to improve swirl, and were strictly speaking no longer hemi-headed at all. The CVH features hydraulic valve lifters ,

7920-528: The new KJ model from Japan; In New Zealand, the KH Laser continued in production at Ford's assembly plant in Wiri , Auckland , until the end of 1996 when the factory closed. The extended production model in New Zealand was sold only in five-door hatchback form as either the Laser Encore or Laser Esprit , as a cheaper alternative to the newer KJ Laser imported from Japan. The Encore was the cheaper of

8030-489: The new Rouge Electric Vehicle Center, where their electric vehicles will be produced. In 2021, the vehicle center opened, and Ford's first all electric truck, the Ford F-150 Lightning , will be the first vehicle model produced there. In 1999, architect William McDonough entered into an agreement with Ford Motor Company to redesign its 85-year-old, 1,212-acre (490 ha) Rouge River facility. The roof of

8140-427: The newer Zetec 16-valve unit. The naturally aspirated (NA) 1.6 L CVH debuted in the 1980 European Escort and the 1981 North American Escort. Bore and stroke are 80 mm × 79.5 mm (3.15 in × 3.13 in) and total displacement is 1,597 cc (97.5 cu in). European versions produced 79 hp (58 kW) with the Ford variable venturi carburetor, 96 hp (71 kW) with

8250-558: The owner of a CVH-powered car to retain the cylinder head and associated parts from the original engine while substituting a stronger, large displacement engine block. Some builders have built ZVH engines that used the cylinder head, fuel injection system, ignition system, exhaust manifold, and turbocharger from the Escort RS combined with a Zetec block. The engine's name indicates a Z etec/C VH hybrid. Ford River Rouge Complex The Ford River Rouge complex (commonly known as

8360-462: The plain black slats of the Laser. Suspension was fully independent with coil springs . Trim levels in Australia comprised the entry-level GL and upmarket Ghia, both available with an optional "S" pack that added full instrumentation and upgraded tyres. Steel wheels with bright metal trim rings differentiated the GL from the Ghia with its alloy wheels and deep side protection mouldings. The mid-term facelifted model of May 1983, coded GB, brought

8470-494: The power plant. Michigan Utility CMS Energy built a state-of-the-art Power Plant across Miller Road to replace the electricity and steam production, as well as the blast furnace waste gas consumption of the original power plant. As it ended production, Dearborn Assembly Plant was one of six plants within the Ford Rouge Center. The plant was open from 1918 to May 10, 2004, with a red convertible 2004 Ford Mustang GT being

8580-501: The range closer together, though Meteors continued as a separate and slightly more premium line. January 1985 saw the advent of the BF series Laser in Japan. This was the Laser's first major redesign. For the first time a diesel version was offered in Japan, as well as a factory two-door cabriolet with 1.5-litre turbo engine, a 1.6-litre DOHC 16-valve Sport version, and a potent 140 PS DOHC turbo model with full-time 4WD drivetrain (identical to

8690-839: The rear, while the front was redesigned in a more modern style, aligning it with Ford's corporate look of the era. In Japan this is referred to as the "BE" Laser, which was identical to the Australian KB series. The BE model code relates to the BD model code used for the corresponding Familia/323. The first Lasers went on sale in Japan in late 1982. Fuel-injection and a 115 PS turbocharged model were added in July 1983; these variants were never offered for sale outside Japan. Aside from being built in Australia and Japan, Lasers were also assembled in New Zealand at Ford's Wiri plant in Auckland, replacing

8800-542: The reverse was the case, although pooling resources with Mazda allowed Ford to maintain a foothold in the region. This was also the case in South America, South Africa, and the Caribbean, where the Laser was also sold, in many cases being locally assembled. The KA Laser (Australian model code), built under license from Mazda, was introduced in March 1981, replacing the rear-wheel-drive Escort in Australia. The range

8910-543: The same head as the carbureted 1.6 found in North America but without a mechanical fuel pump. The 1.6 EFI engine was replaced by the 1.6 HO in all high-altitude regions, making the 1.6 EFI a rare model. Applications A turbocharged version of the 1.6 L was developed by Ford Europe for the RS Turbo Escort and the later Ford Fiesta RS Turbo . It makes 132 hp (97 kW) at 6,000 rpm, and 133 lb⋅ft (180 N⋅m) of torque at 3,000 rpm. The block

9020-406: The second generation Laser was assembled by Ford Lio Ho Motor . Unique for this market, it was offered with slightly different exterior styling. The pre-facelift hatchback (only available as five-door) was offered with different headlights (similar styling to KA Laser ) and the facelift model received KE TX3 headlights. Second facelift occurred for sedan and wagon, with massive makeover borrowed from

9130-500: The titanic Rouge was able to turn raw materials into running vehicles within this single complex, a prime example of vertical-integration production. Some of the River Rouge buildings were designed by architect Albert Kahn . His Rouge glass plant was regarded at the time as an exemplary and humane factory building, with ample natural light provided through windows in the ceiling. Since the late 20th century, several buildings at

9240-576: The twin venturi 32/34 DFT Weber carburetor used in the Fiesta XR2 and the Escort XR3, 105 hp (77 kW) with Bosch K-Jetronic injection, 90 hp (66 kW) with KE-Jetronic mechanical fuel injection , and 108 hp (79 kW) with electronic fuel injection (EFI) and a Ford EEC-IV engine control unit (ECU) as found in the XR3i or Orion GLSI. A 115 hp (85 kW) version

9350-505: The two, available only with a five-speed manual transmission, while the Esprit was slightly higher specification and was available with both the five-speed and also a four-speed automatic. Both featured red pinstriping around the body and many received dealer-fit accessories such as alloy wheels to boost appeal. This generation of Laser was also sold in Cyprus and Malta . This generation was

9460-406: The weight of the rocker arms and hydraulic self adjusting tappets used. The stiff valve springs add more friction and pressure to the already high friction "flat tappet" design. The camshaft is oiled by small holes in the cylinder head casting next to the lifter bores. These holes are prone to blocking up with oil sludge if the engine is not serviced regularly, starving the camshaft of oil. The CVH

9570-437: The world. This was most notably evident during the 1980s with multiple turbocharged variants, unique bodyshells such as the cabriolet, and full-time 4WD models all available years before their debuts in other markets (and in some cases, never making it offshore at all). Along with the Japanese produced Ford Telstar and Ford Festiva , the Laser was sold at special Autorama dealerships. In Australia and New Zealand, where Ford

9680-416: Was 4-speed). The TX3 was the Laser flagship. It came standard with 14-inch satin-chrome alloy wheels, sports cloth interior trim, red insert strips in the body side mouldings and bumpers, black tailgate and beaver panel garnishes, semi-bucket seats with adjustable seat height, back and lumbar support, auto fade interior lamps, and all other Ghia appointings. EFI and A/C was standard, and automatic transmission

9790-538: Was also sold in Thailand , Malaysia , Singapore , Hong Kong , Taiwan , Sri Lanka , and other markets. Trim and specifications vary somewhat between the countries. In Indonesia , this Laser was assembled at Mazda's plant in Bekasi together with its Mazda 323 twin. It was available in GL and Ghia trims from late 1985 with the 1.3-litre E3 engine (68 PS (50 kW)) or 1.5-litre E5 engine (75 PS (55 kW)),

9900-537: Was also used in South Africa. The Ford Laser was a restyled version of the Familia/323 models produced by Mazda in Japan from 1980 onwards. Ford had acquired a 25% stake in Mazda in 1979. Platform and assembly-line sharing with the locally produced Mazda Familia in Japan allowed the Laser in that market to be offered with a plethora of engine, paint and trim configurations not available anywhere else in

10010-534: Was assembled using complete knock-down kits from 1981 via the local joint venture Ford Lio Ho . The Laser was also introduced in Zimbabwe in 1981, the first Ford model to be sold in the country for fourteen years, after the imposition of sanctions on the then Rhodesia after its Unilateral Declaration of Independence . It was assembled at the state-owned Willowvale Motor Industries plant, in Harare , alongside

10120-401: Was available as a hatchback, in both three- and five-door varieties, as well as a four-door sedan badged Ford Meteor. Originally sold only with the 1.3-litre engine, the smaller 1.1-litre engine was never available in Australia. Later, 1.5-litre versions were added, eventually even a turbocharged version. In January 1983, the Laser underwent a facelift to become the KB. Light changes were made to

10230-399: Was available until 1994, sold together with next generation Laser. For Australia, the range was known as the KC Laser and GC Meteor, launched in October 1985. All body styles were carried over, with the addition of a station wagon (badged as "Meteor", like the sedan) from 1986. A new "TX3" variant, which was at the top of the "Laser" models in specification level and designated "KC2", replaced

10340-517: Was designated as a National Historic Landmark District in 1978 for its architecture and historical importance to the industry and economy of the United States. The Rouge complex measures 1.5 miles (2.4 km) wide by 1 mile (1.6 km) long, including 93 buildings with nearly 16 million square feet (1.5 km ) of factory floor space. With its own docks in the dredged Rouge River , 100 miles (160 km) of interior railroad track, its own electricity plant , and integrated steel mill ,

10450-472: Was developed by Ford's Special Vehicle Operations (SVO) with help from Jack Roush for 1984 and 1985 in the Ford EXP Turbo, Ford Escort GT Turbo, and Mercury Lynx RS Turbo. At 120 hp (89 kW), its output is 50% higher than the carbureted North American 1.6 L HO, making it the most powerful production CVH offered in North America while returning impressive fuel efficiency and without reducing

10560-555: Was dropped in 1982. Applications The 1.3 L CVH was introduced in the 1980 European Escort and used in the Orion and Fiesta from 1983 to 1986. Bore and stroke are 80 mm × 64.5 mm (3.15 in × 2.54 in), for a displacement of 1,296 cc (79.1 cu in). The 1.3 L was to be offered in the North American Escort, but testing found it to be unacceptably underpowered while Ford

10670-491: Was fully imported from Japan, while all other models in the Laser range were manufactured locally in the Sydney suburb of Flemington . The KE is easy to distinguish from the earlier KC, by different grilles, headlights, tail lights, body-side mouldings, bonnet, front guards, and on some models, wheels. The dashboard and instrument cluster received new graphics, and the interior was available in slightly different colour shades to

10780-501: Was introduced in South Africa in 1986, as a hatchback, with the sedan version being sold as the Meteor. Replacing the Ford Escort , it was produced alongside the Mazda 323 by Samcor . Originally the Laser and Meteor were available with Mazda E-series 1.3-litre carb and 1.5-litre carb engines and also a high compression 1.6-litre B6 EFi engine for the 1600i Sport model. From 1989, Ford's CVH engines (1.4 and 1.6) were used, replacing

10890-533: Was known as the BHA series in Japan. All sporting models were discontinued with the release of this model in the wake of poor sales and financial returns as Mazda scaled back operations and sought to rearrange market focus. Only the sedan and three-door hatchback were sold in Japan, the hatch being based on the Mazda Familia Neo. The Japanese built KJ Laser in Australia went on sale in October 1994 represented

11000-457: Was not available. The TX3 also had a unique front fascia with quad headlights and the parker lamps incorporated into the indicator lenses (L/GL/Ghia had the parkers inside the main headlight unit) and two-tone paint. Halfway through KE production, Ford introduced two limited edition versions, called "Redline", and "Livewire". The Redline was based on the GL hatch, while the Livewire was based on

11110-441: Was not available. The only engine on offer was the 1.3-litre engine, with four-speed manual transmission (no automatic was available). The "L" wagon had the same level of trim, except the 1.3-litre engine was replaced with the 1.6-litre unit, but still with four-speed transmission (automatic was not available on either the hatchback or wagon). The "GL" was the most popular model. It featured the same silver-painted 13" steel wheels as

11220-508: Was offered in the Escort RS1600i, developed by Ford Motorsport Germany for FIA Group A homologation . This version featured a reworked cylinder head, solid cam followers and bronze bearings, and a host of other motorsport features. European versions of the carbureted 1.6 L engine from the 1986 model year on were revised and, like the new 1.4 L, benefit from cylinder heads with a heart-shaped lean-burn combustion chambers and

11330-426: Was optional on GL, and standard on Ghia in the KB series was replaced with the new B6 1.6-litre I4 SOHC. For the first time, electronic fuel injection was available as an option on Ghia models, and was standard on TX3 models. Buyers who ordered automatic transmission with this engine received an electronically controlled four-speed unit, which was quite advanced for a small car in 1985. The B3 I4 SOHC 1.3-litre engine

11440-449: Was primarily aimed at the budget or fleet buyer and available as a five-door hatchback and station wagon. It had silver-painted 13-inch steel wheels, with no centre caps, a large analogue clock in the instrument cluster, no passenger-side rear-view mirror , vinyl interior trim, no body side mouldings, no rear windscreen wiper, and the folding rear seat was only one-piece. The stereo was also AM-only and had no cassette player. Air conditioning

11550-510: Was provided by a 1.6-litre engine, with 4-speed manual transmission (5-speed manual or 3-speed automatic was optional). Sedan and wagon came standard with five-speed transmission. The Ghia was the luxury model. It had black 14-inch steel wheels with full-size plastic wheel covers, power steering, body-coloured rear-view mirrors and bumpers, velour interior trim, tachometer, centre console with Ghia emblem, lockable glovebox, driver's seat with lumbar support and height adjust, storage drawer underneath

11660-518: Was replaced by a Weber 28/30 TLDM which used a manifold vacuum-actuated secondary choke instead of the more usual sequential linkage which opens the secondary butterfly at 3/4 to full throttle. The 1.4 L version is less responsive to power modification than other CVH engines, and some common tuning parts cannot be used. In South Africa, the 1.4 L CVH was fitted to the Ford Laser and Meteor, which were rebadged Mazda Familias . It replaced

11770-412: Was seen as a local brand, the locally assembled Laser outsold its Mazda twin, the 323, especially in Australia, where the 323 was imported. According to research carried out by Ford Australia in 1984, a third of Laser buyers were unaware that the Ford model was based on the Mazda 323. However, in neighbouring Asian markets, such as Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Hong Kong, as well as Japan itself,

11880-449: Was standard on the "L" (hatchback only, the wagon had a 1.6-litre engine). The 1.6-litre engine was standard on GL, Ghia and TX3, though some early GL models were equipped with a 1.5-litre SOHC carburettored. The KC/KE Laser wagon was also assembled in New Zealand, alongside its Mazda 323 equivalent, until Ford closed their VANZ assembly plant at Wiri , Auckland in 1996. KC / GC model range (Australia): In October 1987, Ford introduced

11990-409: Was unable to make it meet emissions requirements. US production plans were scrapped just months before full-scale production was scheduled to start. For the facelifted fourth generation European Escort of 1986, this CVH was replaced by a 1.3 L Valencia engine in entry-level models, while higher trim level models used the 1.4 L CVH described below. Applications The 1.4 L CVH replaced

12100-489: Was unique to that continent and was not part of the Laser ranges elsewhere. In Indonesia , this generation was assembled locally ( CKD ) and sold from 1990 to 1996. Available in two body styles and four trim levels, 1.3 L sedan "Ghia" and "Sonic", 1.6 L sedan "Gala" and 5-door liftback "Champ" with 1.8 L DOHC BP engine. The older 1.3 L sedan "GL" from previous generation was also sold for taxi fleet use until 1997. Engine specifications (Australia): The fourth generation Laser

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