Fort Ellice was a Hudson's Bay Company trading post that operated from 1794 to 1892. It was first established in February 1794 by John Sutherland on the Qu'Appelle River about 20 kilometres (12 mi) upstream from its mouth at the Assiniboine River , and known as the Qu'Appelle River Post until it was destroyed by the North West Company in 1816.
31-616: The post was rebuilt in 1817 on the south bank of the Assiniboine River near Beaver Creek, hence the post was called Beaver Creek until 1824 when it closed. In 1831, the post was reopened under the name Fort Ellice, named after Edward Ellice , a British merchant and an investor in the Hudson's Bay Company. Fort Ellice in turn gave its name to the Rural Municipality of Ellice in west-central Manitoba and to Ellice Avenue,
62-561: A cornet in the 10th Hussars, but resigned in 1811. Following his father's death in 1797, he inherited an immense fortune, derived largely from mining on lands surrounding Lambton Castle , the ancestral family home in County Durham , which formed the basis of Lambton Collieries . Other properties in County Durham included Dinsdale Park and Low Dinsdale Manor . . In 1821, Lambton earned the epithet "Jog Along Jack" after he
93-709: A major arterial road in Winnipeg. It was an important fort, as it was a major stopping point on the Carlton Trail , which ran from the Red River Colony to Fort Edmonton . (The section leading from Upper Fort Garry to this district was commonly known as the Fort Ellice Trail.) A second more elaborate structure was built in 1862 by the HBC, and in 1873, replaced Fort Pelly as the headquarters for
124-607: A modified form of responsible government and a legislative union of Upper Canada, Lower Canada and the Maritime Provinces in order to assimilate the French Canadians, whom he considered inferior. Lord Durham is lauded by some Canadian historians for his recommendation to introduce responsible government, which the British government did not accept. It took ten more years before a responsible parliament
155-631: The City of Westminster ). His mother was Lady Anne Barbara Frances, daughter of George Bussy Villiers, 4th Earl of Jersey . He was christened with the names of his grandfathers, John Lambton and George Villiers. At the time of his birth, his father was taking part in the formation and chairing of the Society of the Friends of the People . After attending Eton College , Lambton joined the army in 1809 as
186-570: The Reform Club in 1836 and supported Palmerston as premier. He was appointed a Privy Counsellor in 1833. He was awarded a DCL by St Andrews University . He privately urged French government to send troops into Spain in 1836. He was deputy-governor of the Hudson's Bay Company . Ellice was a co-owner of eight sugar estates in Grenada , British Guiana , Tobago and Antigua . In the 1830s,
217-712: The Upper Canada Rebellion of William Lyon Mackenzie , which had occurred in 1837. His decisions with regard to the Rebellion prisoners encountered stiff opposition at Westminster. He lost the support of the Prime Minister, Melbourne , whereupon he published his repudiation and resignation 9 October 1838 and set sail for London on 1 November. Lord Durham's detailed Report on the Affairs of British North America (London, January 1839) recommended
248-625: The " Bear ", was a British merchant and politician. He was a Director of the Hudson's Bay Company and a prime mover behind the Reform Bill of 1832 . Ellice was born on 27 September 1783 in London , the son of Alexander Ellice and Ann Russell. In 1795, his father purchased the Seigneury of Villechauve in Canada from Michel Chartier de Lotbinière, Marquis de Lotbinière . His younger brother
279-494: The British government emancipated the slaves, and Ellice received compensation to the tune of about £35,000 for the liberation of over 300 slaves. In 1843, he married, secondly, Anne Amelia Leicester, née Keppel, daughter of William Keppel, 4th Earl of Albemarle and widow of Thomas Coke, 1st Earl of Leicester . She died in the following year. His only son was Edward Ellice Jr. , who also sat in Parliament. Ellice acquired
310-959: The Court of Russia' in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1833', expresses her hopes that Lord Durham be able to persuade the Russians to return to Poland its lost freedom and sovereignty. Names given in honour of the Earl include Lambton County, Ontario , Lambton, Toronto (including Lambton Mills , Lambton Mills Cemetery and Lambton House ), Lambton Avenue in Toronto, Lord Durham Public School (Ajax, Ontario, closed), Lambton, Québec , Lambton Quay , Lambton Ward and Lambton Harbour in Wellington in New Zealand, and Durham Heights and Cape Lambton (both in
341-570: The House forced de facto reestablishment of French as a language of Parliament. Once responsible government was achieved (1848), French Canadians in Canada East succeeded by voting as a bloc in ensuring that they were powerfully represented in any cabinet, especially as the politics of Canada West was highly factional. The resulting deadlock between Canada East and West led to a movement for federal rather than unitary government, which resulted in
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#1732794035191372-663: The Swan River District. But its economic life was short-lived as the Company relinquished control of Rupert's Land with the 1870 Deed of Surrender . This deed transferred many HBC rights to the new Canadian national government. The fort had one more important role to play in history; it acted as a staging point for part of the North-West Mounted Police (NWMP) force that started at Fort Dufferin and headed west in 1874 to establish law and order in
403-622: The cabinet in 1833. Later that year he was further honoured, made Viscount Lambton and Earl of Durham . Between 1835 and 1837, he served as Ambassador to Russia . While in Russia, he was invested as a Knight of the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky , of the Order of St. Andrew and of the Order of St. Anna . In 1837, he was appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath . In 1838, Lord Durham
434-580: The creation of confederation , a federal state known as the Dominion of Canada, incorporating New Brunswick and Nova Scotia , and dividing the United Canadas into two provinces, Ontario (Canada West) and Quebec (Canada East), in 1867. Lord Durham was twice married. He fell in love with Harriet Cholmondeley , the illegitimate daughter of the Earl of Cholmondeley , but then aged under 21 and refused
465-557: The first attempt to colonise New Zealand. His brother Russell Ellice was also a director. He was Member of Parliament for Coventry from 1818 to 1826, and again from 1830 to 1863. He served as a Secretary to the Treasury , and a whip in Lord Grey 's government , 1830–1832. He was Secretary at War from 1832 to 1834, during which time he proposed that appointments in the army should be made directly from his office. He founded
496-587: The future provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan. The fort acted as an NWMP post beginning in 1875. In 1890, the Hudson's Bay Company sold the property to Thomas V. Wheeler, who conducted private business there until 1892. The property where both forts were located is currently owned and managed by the Nature Conservancy of Canada . Edward Ellice (merchant) Edward Ellice the Elder (27 September 1783 – 17 September 1863), known in his time as
527-473: The large Scottish Highlands sporting estates of Invergarry, with David Bryce building Invergarry House for him, in 1866 to 1869 and of Glenquoich further inland, where he entertained up to a thousand guests a year, notable visitors including Sir Edwin Landseer , William Gladstone and Sir Henry Holland . In 1859 his son's wife, Katherine Ellice served as host when the artist Richard Doyle visited and she
558-671: The political situation there after the Rebellions of 1837 in Upper Canada ( Ontario ) and Lower Canada ( Quebec ) and recommendations as to necessary reforms. Lord Durham and his longtime colleague Edward Gibbon Wakefield arrived in Lower Canada on 29 May 1838. One of his tasks as governor general was to investigate the circumstances surrounding the Lower Canada Rebellion of Louis-Joseph Papineau and
589-499: The required permission by his guardians to marry her, they married at Gretna Green on 1 January 1812, then in an Anglican ceremony at her father's estate of Malpas, Cheshire , on 28 January that year. They had three daughters, who all predeceased him: After Harriet's death in July 1815, he married secondly Lady Louisa Grey, daughter of Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey , on 9 December 1816 at Lord Grey's estate, Howick, Northumberland . She
620-588: The struggle with Lord Selkirk he played an important part. He engaged in the Canada fur trade from 1803, and as a result was nicknamed "the Bear". On 30 October 1809 he married Hannah Althea Bettesworth, née Grey, daughter of Charles Grey, 1st Earl Grey , and the widow of Captain George Edmund Byron Bettesworth . He had one son by her, Edward . In 1820, he was, with the brothers William and Simon McGillivray , active in bringing about
651-659: The union of the North West and the Hudson's Bay Companies; and it was actually with him and the McGillivrays that the union was negotiated. He amalgamated the North West , XY , and Hudson's Bay companies in 1821. In 1825 Ellice was a director of the New Zealand Company , a venture chaired by his brother-in-law, the wealthy John George Lambton , Whig MP (and later 1st Earl of Durham ), that made
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#1732794035191682-507: Was "proud, wayward, immensely rich, with romantic good looks and an explosive temper", one of those "natural rebels who turn their rebellious energies to constructive purposes. Both at home and abroad he became a powerful exponent of the early nineteenth-century liberal spirit." Lambton was born 12 April 1792 in the house of his father William Henry Lambton at 14 Berkeley Square in St George Hanover Square (now within
713-574: Was General Robert Ellice . He was educated at Winchester School and at Marischal College , Aberdeen . He became a partner in the firm of Phyn, Ellices and Inglis , which had become interested in the XY Company in Canada. He was sent to Canada in 1803, and in 1804 became a party to the union of the XY and North West Companies. He became a partner in the North West Company, and during
744-431: Was a British Whig statesman, colonial administrator, Governor General and high commissioner of British North America . A leading reformer, Lord Durham played a major role in the passage of the Reform Bill of 1832 . He later served as ambassador to Russia. He was a founding member and chairman of the New Zealand Company that played a key role in the colonisation of New Zealand. George Woodcock wrote Lord Durham
775-639: Was an amateur artist. They had two sons and three daughters: Lord Durham died at Cowes on the Isle of Wight in July 1840, aged 48, and was buried at St Mary and St Cuthbert, Chester-le-Street . He was succeeded by his eldest and only surviving son, George. The Countess of Durham only survived her husband by a year and died aged 44 on 26 November 1841 at Genoa from a serious cold. In one of her occasional political forays, Letitia Elizabeth Landon in her poetical illustration to Sir Thomas Lawrence 's portrait, 'The Right Honourable Lord Durham. Now on an Embassy at
806-555: Was asked what he considered an adequate income for an English gentleman and replying that "a man might jog along comfortably enough on £40,000 a year". Lambton supported educational projects such as the Mechanics' Institutes and the newly founded University of London . In 1825 Lambton took the chairmanship of the New Zealand Company , a venture that made the first attempt to colonise New Zealand, with his interest being philanthropic. The venture failed at colonisation. Lambton
837-443: Was established in the colonies. Colonial legislatures had existed in the two Canadas since 1791 but were toothless compared to appointed colonial administrators. Lord Durham is less well regarded for recommending the union of Upper and Lower Canada, which resulted in the creation of the united Province of Canada . As early as 1844, Lord Durham's intended policy of assimilation faced setbacks, as Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine 's party in
868-586: Was first elected to Parliament for County Durham in the general election of 1812 , a seat he held until 1828, when he was raised to the peerage as Baron Durham , of the City of Durham and of Lambton Castle in the County Palatine of Durham. In Parliament he supported liberal causes, from the defence of Queen Caroline to the removal of political disabilities on Dissenters and Roman Catholics. When his father-in-law Lord Grey became prime minister in 1830, he
899-920: Was given an illustrated diary of a journey to the islands of Rona and Skye. Katherine was an amateur artist and diarist. His brother General Robert Ellice married Eliza Courtney ; one of their grandsons became his son's heir in 1880. The Ellice Islands , formerly part of the colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands and now the independent nation of Tuvalu , were named after him. The Rural Municipality of Ellice in Manitoba , Fort Ellice , and Ellice Avenue in Winnipeg are named after him. John Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham John George Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham , GCB , PC (12 April 1792 – 28 July 1840), also known as "Radical Jack" and commonly referred to in Canadian history texts as Lord Durham ,
930-525: Was named Governor General and High Commissioner for British North America (several North American colonies administered collectively by the Colonial Office , including: the Provinces of Lower Canada and Upper Canada , Nova Scotia , New Brunswick , and their several Dependencies, Newfoundland , Prince Edward Island , Cape Breton and Bermuda ). A main task set for him was to investigate
961-512: Was sworn into the Privy Council and appointed Lord Privy Seal . Along with Lord Russell he was a leading promoter of reform. He helped draft the famous Reform Bill of 1832 . It reformed the electoral system by abolishing tiny districts, gave representation to cities, gave the vote to small landowners, tenant farmers, and shopkeepers and to householders who paid a yearly rental of £10 or more and some lodgers. Lord Durham resigned from