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79-763: On June 12, 1944, the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter was established in Oswego, New York by order of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and was operated by the War Relocation Authority . It was the first and only refugee center established in the United States. In August 1944, the shelter received 982 refugees of predominantly Jewish descent and of various national backgrounds, especially Yugoslavian, Austrian, Polish, German and Czechoslovakian. Fort Ontario

158-506: A board of seven aldermen who are elected from the city's seven wards . Recent previous mayors include Republican Billy Barlow, Democrats Tom Gillen and Randy Bateman, and Republican John Gosek. In September 2005, Oswego Mayor John Gosek was arrested by the FBI and state police in a sting operation outside of a motel near Syracuse after allegedly giving a woman $ 250 to arrange a sexual encounter with two 14-year-old girls. The arrest came after

237-619: A coal trestle for fueling steamships at the Port of Oswego. Into the mid-1940s, the DL&;W had daily passenger service from Hoboken , through Binghamton , to Syracuse ending in Oswego. The New York Central last had passenger service between Oswego, Fulton and Syracuse in 1951. Former NYC and DL&W passenger stations remain, as does a NYC freight station. Nothing remains of the O&;W, which

316-587: A troop transport ship, was waiting to join a convoy. Aside from the days waiting in the Naples port, it took 17 days for the Henry Gibbins to cross the Atlantic Ocean . For most of the refugees, the trip was extremely uncomfortable. There were triple-tiered canvas hammocks instead of the luxury liner with beds and sheets that they were expecting. Also, they came under enemy fire soon after entering

395-573: A cadet of the lords of Quarrel near Alençon in Normandy ; he was invested as count by Duke Sergius IV of Naples and confirmed by Emperor Conrad II . By offering a generous principle of asylum for the persecuted, Rainulf enlarged the power and importance of his little borgo , which became the base from which the Normans forged a state in Sicily and Italy. The diplomacy of Robert Guiscard , who built

474-454: A city council. The city is located within the Syracuse metropolitan area , and is also inside Syracuse's broader media market. It is bordered by the towns of Oswego , Minetto , and Scriba to the west, south, and east, respectively; and by Lake Ontario to the north. Oswego Speedway is a nationally known automobile racing facility. The State University of New York at Oswego (SUNY Oswego)

553-781: A large public pool located on the Fort Ontario grounds, bowling, and the historic Oswego Theater . Every year the city hosts the Oswego Harborfest, a four-day festival of music, culture and food, centered around the Oswego Harbor, culminating in a fireworks display on the Saturday evening of the festival. The event is sponsored by local businesses, and the entertainment is admission-free. The festival continues to draw approximately 150,000 to 300,000 attendees every year. In 2007, SUNY Oswego Lakers men's hockey team won

632-419: A long history stretching back to the 15th century. Visitors can learn about the city's history by visiting museums such as the H. Lee White Marine Museum , The Richardson-Bates House , and Fort Ontario . Throughout the city and public parks, many historical monuments can be found honoring historical figures, and other forts that stood in what is now the historical district. The city includes a number of sites on

711-624: A result needed to recuperate. Nearly 100 of the refugees had been imprisoned in Buchenwald or Dachau , which some managed to escape. Others were hidden and aided by members of Resistance groups, kindly neighbors or who made deals with black market smugglers and to get them to where advancing Allied Soldiers were nearby. Many of them had been refugees for 7 or 8 years, and almost all had suffered through food shortages, disease, torture and trauma. Another group of refugees were civilian internees of Italian concentration camps but were released following

790-545: A three-year investigation that led to charges of the mayor using his city-issued cell phone to “persuade, induce, entice and coerce an individual under the age of 18 years to engage in sexual activity.” The charge alleged that Gosek used his phone as interstate commerce for the purposes of illegal sex and falls under a federal law that is commonly known as the Mann Act . Gosek's term wasn't due to expire until 2007, but he resigned from office five days after his arrest. Oswego has

869-590: Is a city in Oswego County, New York , United States. The population was 16,921 at the 2020 census . Oswego is situated at the mouth of the Oswego River on the southeastern shore of Lake Ontario in Upstate New York , about 40 miles (64 km) northwest of Syracuse and 74 miles (119 km) east-northeast of Rochester by road. The city promotes itself as "The Port City of Central New York." It

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948-432: Is a 1,803- megawatt (MW) (nameplate) plant with two steam turbines powered by steam heated in boilers from fuel oil (although one of the units has natural gas listed as a backup fuel). The facility went into service in 1976 (for unit 5) and 1980 (for unit 6). In 2017, it injected 39.7 GWh of electric energy into the electric transmission system. This is equivalent to operating at full capacity for approximately 0.3% of

1027-499: Is being restored to its 1867–1872 appearance. Costumed interpreters recreate the lives of the officers, men, and civilians who garrisoned the fort in 1868–1869. In 1944 amidst World War II , President Franklin D. Roosevelt established a camp at the fort for survivors of the Holocaust . The fort was used as Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter also known as "Safe Haven," home to approximately 982 Jewish refugees, survivors of

1106-681: Is believed to be the first ice rink built within the State University of New York system. The old ice rink was transformed into a multi-use indoor facility for track, lacrosse and other intramural sports. From 2005 to 2006 the Oswego Admirals of the Ontario Junior Hockey League played in the old ice rink. The city is served by The Palladium Times newspaper, Oswego County Today , the student-run newspaper The Oswegonian , as well as OswegoNYlion and

1185-469: Is known for typically experiencing exceptionally snowy winters, with an average seasonal snowfall of 140.1 inches (356 cm); this is owed primarily to its prolific lake-effect snowfall. Lake-effect precipitation, which begins as rain when the season kicks off in September or October, also contributes to Oswego's autumn precipitation maximum, unusual in this part of North America and typically experienced on

1264-401: Is located just outside the city in the town of Oswego, on the shores of Lake Ontario, and is a major force in the area. The British established a trading post in the area in 1722 and fortified it with a log palisade later called Fort Oswego , named after the native Iroquois place name "os-we-go" meaning "pouring out place." The first fortification on the site of the current Fort Ontario

1343-542: Is the Asprinio which must constitute at least 85% of the wines, with other local white grape varieties, such as Fiano , Trebbiano and Greco permitted to fill in the remainder. Viticulture in Aversa is unique for its use of growing the grapevines with poplar trees acting as trellises . This traditional method of trellising means that almost all harvesting is done by hand. Aversa, the second in historic importance of

1422-541: Is the county seat of Oswego County. The first European settlement at Oswego was a British trading post established in 1722, and it was first incorporated as a village in 1828 before becoming a city in 1848. British forces briefly captured the city during the War of 1812 , but were defeated nearby later that same month. The canalization of the Oswego River was a major boon to Oswego, attracting settlement and investment; this

1501-1158: Is the home to the radio stations WRVO , WSGO , WNYO and WMVN . Oswego also has its own television station, WTOP, which is completely student-run at the State University of New York at Oswego, and is served by the Oswego High School television station, WBUC. Oswego is served by the Syracuse TV market. Previous media included the Oswego Daily News . The city is part of the Oswego City School District . The Oswego City School district has one high school (grades 9–12), one middle school (grades 7 and 8) and five elementary schools (grades K–6). Trinity Catholic School (formerly St. Paul's Academy) provides classes for PreK–6. Oswego Community Christian School provides classes for PreK–8. The State University of New York at Oswego (SUNY Oswego) has portions of its property in Oswego City, with

1580-458: Is water. Oswego is located on the southeastern shore of Lake Ontario at the mouth of the Oswego River , approximately 35 miles north of Syracuse and 69 miles east of Rochester . The elevation is 298 feet above sea level. The nearest city is Fulton , located south of Oswego and north of Syracuse. As Oswego is located on the eastern shore of Lake Ontario , in the center of the Snowbelt ,

1659-596: The Battle of Civitella del Fortore (1053) in Beneventan territory ; even Pope Leo IX himself was captured at what turned into a rout in favour of the Normans. The astute Richard did not treat the pope as a prisoner, however, but escorted him back to Rome with full honours, a gesture that led to the conciliation of the Normans with the Church, the lifting of the ban of excommunication that had been laid upon Aversa. After

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1738-594: The Capetian House of Anjou , marched into Italy and at Aversa took his vengeance at a banquet of reconciliation, as Joanna escaped to Avignon. The presence of the court also benefitted Aversa by the institution of the Real Casa dell'Annunziata (about 1315) an orphanage and hospice that occupied a central place in Aversan public life. When Alfonso V of Aragon permanently enthroned the kingdom of Naples within

1817-481: The Haudenosaunee Confederacy and to preserve them as educational and recreational resources. The most notable historian was Rosemary Nesbitt, who is immortalized by a monument in the city's signature public park, Breitbeck Park. Every Halloween , she would traditionally let down her long silver hair, dress in a ghostly gown, and tell ghostly haunted tales spanning across the entire history of

1896-674: The Naples–Aversa railway , that connects its stations ( Aversa Centro and Aversa Ippodromo ) with Piscinola , northern Naples, on the Line 1 of Naples Metro . The nearest airport is that of Napoli-Capodichino , 10 kilometres (6 miles) away. Aversa is connected to the A1 Motorway by the SP 335-VI Provincial Road (former SS 265 State Road) and the SS 7 bis. Public bus transport is responsibility of

1975-757: The National Register of Historic Places including the Derrick Boat No. 8 , Kingsford Historic District , Market House , Oswego Armory , Oswego City Hall , Oswego City Library , Oswego County Courthouse , Oswego Yacht Club , Tanner Block , and U.S. Customhouse . In September 2024, the Lake Ontario National Marine Sanctuary was designated in the waters of southeastern Lake Ontario off Oswego to protect historic shipwrecks and areas of cultural, historical, and spiritual significance to Native Americans of

2054-836: The Nazi Holocaust , from August 1944 to February 1946. This was the only attempt by the United States government to shelter Jewish refugees during the war. Approximately 1,000 refugees were transferred to the fort from the Ferramonti di Tarsia , a concentration camp in Cosenza , Calabria, Italy. The refugees came from 18 different European countries. The refugees were placed behind barbed wire, and given no official status, having been required to sign papers accepting their eventual return to their home countries in Europe at

2133-433: The census of 2010, there were 18,142 people , 7,486 households , and 3,896 families residing in the 8,258 housing units in the city. The population density was 2,343.4 inhabitants per square mile (904.8/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 94.1% White , 2.3% African American , 0.1% Native American , 1.5% Asian , .6% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.1% of

2212-550: The 19th Century, the U.S. military maintained a presence at Fort Ontario. Oswego was incorporated as a village on March 14, 1828, and the Oswego Canal , a branch of the Erie Canal , reached the area in 1829. The city was incorporated in 1848. When the city incorporated, its area and population were removed from the figures reported for the towns. In the 1850s, at the height of a popular water-cure movement occurring in

2291-473: The Atlantic. As was standard procedure, the ship released black smoke to act as camouflage, but when someone forgot to open the vents, the lower decks were filled with smoke, adding to the terror of the refugees below. In addition, the mix of a normal diet and sea travel had a bad effect on those who had been used to hunger and poor nutrition. Most were sick a good portion of the journey, and some remained so for

2370-525: The British reoccupied Fort Ontario, and didn't forfeit it to the U.S. until 1796, thirteen years after the cessation of hostilities in the Revolution. During the War of 1812 , a weaker American garrison at Fort Ontario was overwhelmed by superior British forces in order to stem the flow of supplies from the interior of New York state, but were later defeated near Oswego later that month. Throughout

2449-534: The Communist party were accepted. The President of the United States has announced that approximately one thousand non-Italian refugees will be brought to the United States from Italy. The refugees will be maintained in a refugee shelter to be established at Fort Ontario near Oswego in the State of New York, where under appropriate conditions they will remain for the duration of the war. The refugees will be brought to

Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter - Misplaced Pages Continue

2528-639: The DMM case number 92-M-0016 website, none of which have to do with a whistle blower complaint against Oswego generating station. Aversa Aversa ( Italian: [aˈvɛrsa] ) is a city and comune in the Province of Caserta in Campania , southern Italy , about 24 km north of Naples . It is the centre of an agricultural district, the Agro Aversano , producing wine and cheese (famous for

2607-552: The Italian Armistice and told by their former guards to head south to avoid being recaptured by the Germans. Many had the hopes of joining relatives who were already in the United States. Others had different reasons for wanting to come to the refugee camp in Oswego. Some were interested in the health care that they could receive in the United States, and had come to Oswego to regain their health. Others were interested in

2686-559: The NCAA Division III Ice Hockey Championship. Garren Reisweber's goal 12:55 into overtime gave Oswego State a 4-3 win over Middlebury on March 18, 2007. The Lakers captured the school's first ever national championship in a team sport. The 2006-07 season marked the first season Oswego played in the newly built, state-of-the-art Marano Campus Center, located on Lake Ontario. The Campus Center replaced Romney Field House Ice Rink which opened in 1962, and

2765-527: The Norman dynasty Aversa declined in importance: the Angevin kings of Naples came to Aversa mostly to hunt and hold court in the citadel, of which a few traces remain in via Roma in Aversa's historic centre. In particular Queen Joanna I chose Aversa for her preferred seat. There a group of nobles threw her husband Andrew from a window with a rope around his neck. His brother, King Louis I of Hungary , head of

2844-478: The United States outside the regular immigration procedure The shelter will be equipped to take good care of the refugees and it is contemplated that they will be returned to their homes at the end of the war. It is planned to select and move applicants for this refugee shelter as soon as possible. Preference will be given to those refugees for whom no other haven or refuge is immediately available. Therefore, if you desire to make application for admission please fill out

2923-794: The United States, in turn stimulating growth, Oswego was the home of the Oswego Water Cure establishment, which Stonewall Jackson reportedly visited in August 1850. Oswego is home to the Port of Oswego and once was a hub for several major railroads : the New York Central Railroad (NYC), the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad (DL&W) and the New York, Ontario and Western Railway (O&W). Railways operated

3002-467: The administrative centre of the province of the same name . The municipality borders Carinaro , Casaluce , Cesa , Frignano , Giugliano in Campania , Gricignano di Aversa , Lusciano , San Marcellino , Sant'Antimo , Teverola and Trentola Ducenta . It is located in a fertile coastal plain north of Naples, thus serving as a market for agricultural products to the city. The plain on which it sits

3081-699: The area, which is linked to a chapel in memory of the current alleged passage through Aversa by the Apostle Paul in the year 61. A.D., via the Roman road that ran towards Rome. The present-day Aversa, which replaced the nearby city of Atella that had been laid waste during the Gothic Wars , was the first of the Norman territories in the Mediterranean. In 1030, the site was ceded to Rainulf Drengot ,

3160-418: The brigade was deactivated on June 1, 1940. During World War II it was used for interning Jewish refugees from Europe (see section below). In 1946, the fort was transferred to the state of New York . At that time, it was used to house veterans and their families during the post-war period. Development of the fort as a historic site began in 1949, which included the "Safe Haven Museum." Today, Fort Ontario

3239-525: The camp became a pressing issue. Internment was becoming increasingly difficult to support. The problem was whether to return the refugees to their home countries or to admit them into the United States. Most of the refugees wanted to stay. In fact, 60% of them had active immigration cases pending. A subcommittee voted to close the camp, and the shelter was closed in February 1946. Some refugees chose to return to Europe, whether to find family members, or under

Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter - Misplaced Pages Continue

3318-516: The camp. In September, however, the quarantine was lifted. Residents of the camp received 6 hour passes to Oswego. Thousands of visitors poured into the camp. On September 20, 1945 Eleanor Roosevelt , accompanied by Mrs. Henry Morgenthau Jr. , visited the camp. A group of boys at the shelter formed a Boy Scout troop. 43°27′45″N 76°30′11″W  /  43.462372°N 76.503194°W  / 43.462372; -76.503194 Oswego, New York Oswego ( / ɒ s ˈ w iː ɡ oʊ / )

3397-525: The capacity market without accounting for actual energy production. According to the New York State Public Service Commission 's database management system, DMM, there was a whistle blower complaint filed against the facility (case no. 92-E-0306) in 1992, however, the DMM website for that case number says its contents were moved to the DMM website for case number 92-M-0016. As of November 2018, there are 5 orders on

3476-920: The city has never recorded a temperature reaching 100°F (38°C). The lake's cooler temperatures also inhibit thunderstorm development into midsummer, though storm activity increases into August and even through early fall as the lake warms, as do precipitation and relative humidity. During the fall, lake moderation often extends the growing season by days or sometimes even weeks compared to more starkly continental inland locales. New York State Route 481 (from Interstate 81 ) runs north/south to Oswego from Syracuse and Fulton . New York State Route 104 runs east/west from Rochester to Oswego. Central New York Regional Transportation Authority provides service within Oswego and connections to Fulton and Syracuse . Oswego County Public Transit provides service between Oswego and smaller communities in Oswego County. As of

3555-571: The city. Nesbitt, who also founded the Marine Museum and wrote various books about the city's history, died on August 2, 2009, at the age of 84. Ludwig Bemelmans , a writer best known for his popular ' Madeline ' stories, was stationed at Fort Ontario, Oswego, N.Y. from 1917. From this experience he wrote the book "My war with the United States" published in 1937. Boating, fishing, and hiking are also activities that are enjoyed by residents and visitors. Oswego also has three ice-skating rinks,

3634-463: The dioceses of Campania, is the "city of a hundred churches" in its extensive historic center. Among its monuments: Aversa railway station is a major station on the Rome–Formia–Naples railway . Most of the traffic is operated by Trenitalia , although some trains run under the aegis of MetroCampania NordEst (successor to the former Ferrovia Alifana ). Aversa is served by a suburban train, on

3713-681: The domains of the Crown of Aragon , Aversa continued to maintain the privileges it had enjoyed. Soon the epidemics and subdivisions of land caused it to be relegated as a peripheral urban center of Naples. In the fourteenth or fifteenth century the County of Aversa was taken over by a family from Valencia, the Pròixida. In fact, the palace of the Count of Almenara in Almenara (Castellón) is also known as

3792-442: The education system that may be available to their children. Others were looking for jobs or economic opportunities offered in the United States. However, the camp was neither aware of nor concerned with the expectations that the refugees came with. Their intention was to provide for the basic needs for the refugees, and had not intended to provide more than the basics. There was no plan for health care other than that which threatened

3871-593: The end of the war. Due to political pressure, President Harry S. Truman allowed them to apply for citizenship. The camp comprised 200 buildings of converted army barracks. The site is now the Safe Haven Museum . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 11.2 square miles (29.1 km ), of which 7.7 square miles (19.8 km ) is land and 3.6 square miles (9.2 km ) (31.76%)

3950-502: The entire time. The Henry Gibbins arrived in New York City on August 3, 1944. The refugees had to remain on the ship one last night to allow returning wounded servicemen to be removed from the other ships in the convoy and brought to hospitals. The experience of disembarking was traumatic for some of the refugees. They were subjected to the same routine performed on all returning servicemen, but without explanation, adding to their confusion and fear. They were sprayed for delousing under

4029-431: The establishment of the camp was the issue of immigration. However, President Roosevelt made himself very clear that immigration laws were not going to be ignored. The refugees would merely be in the United States, not citizens of the United States. They would have no visa status. President Roosevelt also assured Congress that the Army would not permit any refugee escapes. Initially, plans were made to install spotlights along

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4108-412: The existing 6-foot chain-link fence, as well as having 150 armed guards around the camp perimeter. Neither of these things were implemented. Because of their immigration status as "guests", the refugees would not be able to work, and they would not be allowed to travel beyond Oswego. When Germany surrendered on May 6, 1945, twenty-four days after President Roosevelt's death, the question of what to do with

4187-458: The fence and people from Syracuse, Utica, Tupper Lake, Sackets Harbor, Mexico, Rome, Poland, Russia, Frankfort, Ilion, Watertown and Queensbury of Jewish, Catholic or Protestant descent came to give parcels or donations of clothes, food and even toys for the children. In the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter, there were 496 "units" (which are defined as either families or unaccompanied individuals). The refugees had undergone great trauma, and as

4266-426: The form below. Please use only one form for yourself and all members of your immediate family. Notification of acceptance for movement will be given as quickly as possible after your applications has been received. An abandoned mental asylum in Aversa , Italy was used as a central collection area for the refugees. After the selection, Ackermann brought the refugees to Naples, Italy , where the USAT Henry Gibbins ,

4345-432: The fort that the refugees began to accept the fence. However, there was a lack of freedom in the camp. For the first month, the refugees were not allowed to leave the camp. Even relatives who had traveled to Oswego were not allowed to enter the camp, and they had to visit with their relatives through the chain-link fence. Some local citizens from Oswego visited the camp to welcome the newcomers, passing sweets and gifts through

4424-415: The fortifications, led to the investiture of a bishop responsible to the Pope at Aversa, which was nominally territory of the Eastern Emperor. One of the first bishops was the Norman Guitmund (died c. 1090–95), a Benedictine monk, theologian, and opponent of Berengar of Tours . The count of Aversa, Richard I , was one of the chief leaders in the struggle against the Papal forces which culminated in

4503-403: The health of an individual or the group, and there were no plans to educate any of the child refugees although refugee children and teenagers were allowed by the town to attended local schools and tutors were allowed to come into the camp. Of the 982 refugees that lived in the refugee camp at Fort Ontario, 187 were under the age of 16, and 116 were over the age of 60. A large majority of the group

4582-423: The homes of family or friends. Others would later start a new life in newly formed Israel in 1948. When it came to selecting the refugees who would be permitted to come to the United States, there were special criteria established by the WRB and President Roosevelt. Special Representative Leonard Ackermann along with Ruth Gruber, a reporter, traveled to Italy, to conduct the selection and then bring those selected to

4661-429: The impression that their homes and businesses still remained as they had left them. Some were desperate to remain in the United States and not return to a country where they believed they had no future. Those from Central and Eastern Europe did not want to return to their countries that were now under Soviet occupation. Many were granted permanent or temporary status and allowed to stay in the country, sometimes ending up in

4740-399: The palace of the Count of Aversa. Italian wine , both white and sparkling, under the Aversa DOC appellation comes from this area. Grapes destined for DOC product must be harvested to a maximum yield of 14 tonnes / hectare with the finished wines fermented to a minimum alcohol level of 10.5% for still and 11% for the spumante style. The primary grape variety of the region

4819-445: The population. The median income for a household in the city was $ 39,867, and the median income for a family was $ 57,324. Males employed full-time, year-round, had a median income of $ 50,074 versus $ 33,211 for similarly situated females. The per capita income for the city was $ 21,139. 24.2% of the population and 14.4% of families were below the poverty line. The city is governed by a mayor , currently Republican Rob Corradino, and

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4898-445: The port at Naples. The criteria established for the refugees were that they should be refugees for whom no other havens were available. Roosevelt also stated that the group should include mostly women and children – able-bodied men of military age would not be included – along with a couple rabbis, half a dozen doctors, and enough skilled workers to maintain the camp. Pregnant women who were in their third trimester could not be let onboard

4977-451: The possible influence of the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter on other, larger, refugee concerns. The War Relocation Authority already had previous experience running a refugee camp within the United States. They had been responsible for formulating and implementing policies in the Japanese Relocation Centers. Their concerns were based solely on responding to problems of daily camp life. As such, there were sharp differences between how

5056-431: The presence of armed guards. It was only then that they could leave on a two-day train ride for Oswego. Upon arriving at Fort Ontario, many were surprised, scared, and angered to see that the fort was surrounded in barbed-wire topped fences. They felt that they had left Europe expecting to be brought to safety and freedom but had instead been brought to another concentration camp. It was only after explanations from staff at

5135-415: The region often sees prodigious lake effect snow accumulations. Oswego is one of the snowiest towns in America, with some winters totaling over 300 inches. In 2007, Oswego gained national attention when approximately 130" (slightly less than 11 feet) of snow fell in a two-week timespan. This broke the record of the Blizzard of 1966 , which blanketed the city with 102" of snow. As a result of this storm,

5214-406: The rest just west of the city in the Town of Oswego. Pursuant to Section 70 of the Public Service Law , NRG Energy, Inc. (now operating as NRG Power Marketing LLC) officially received ownership of the Oswego generating station from previous owners Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation and Rochester Gas and Electric in 1999. NRG was the lowest bidder in an auction arranged by Niagara Mohawk. The facility

5293-437: The revenue that came from the soldiers at the fort, sent a delegation to Washington, D.C. to ask for the fort to be reopened. The answer was to reopen the fort as a Refugee Shelter. The War Refugee Board (WRB) was responsible for creating the camp, selecting the occupants and the overall policy until the closure of the camp on June 6, 1945. While creating and implementing their policies, the War Refugee Board always kept in mind

5372-496: The school district closed all facilities for a week, effectively shifting the planned winter holiday. Oswego has a warm-summer humid continental climate ( Köppen Dfb ) bordering on a hot-summer climate ( Köppen Dfa ) characterized by cold, snowy winters and warm, often humid summers, typical of the Interior Northeast; it experiences four distinct seasons, and is located in USDA hardiness zone 6a (average extreme annual minimum temperature of -10 to -5°F/-23.3 to -20.6°C). The city

5451-415: The ship because there were no facilities in the likely event the latter was to go into labor. Some women made an effort to hide their pregnancy in order to get into the ship. Refugees who had fled Yugoslavia who were communist sympathizers or had political ties to Josip Broz Tito were not allowed. Only those who swore loyalty to Yugoslavia's monarch Peter II and wanted nothing to do with Tito, Joseph Stalin and

5530-412: The two agencies thought the camp should be run. The WRA had found, while running the Japanese Relocation Centers, that in order to run a camp smoothly and prevent rebellion, policies had to be set out before the establishment of the camps. While the WRB wanted to implement camp policies gradually after the establishment of the camp in order to test public opinion and gain public support. A big concern with

5609-448: The typical buffalo mozzarella ). Aversa is also the main seat of the faculties of Architecture and Engineering of the Università degli studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli" (Campania University "L. Vanvitelli"). With a population of 52,974 (2017), it is the second city of the province after Caserta . Aversa is located near the city of Naples ; it is separated by only 24 kilometres from Naples and by 26 kilometres from Caserta ,

5688-473: The west coast of continents. Occasionally, nor'easters also contribute to the city's snowfall, as do Alberta clipper systems. Lake Ontario also provides significant temperature moderation, allowing for slightly warmer winters and cooler summers than locations even just a few miles inland; during the transitional seasons, these differences can occasionally be somewhat dramatic. As a consequence of this moderation, 90°F (32°C) days are quite rare in Oswego, and

5767-534: The year. For comparison, the central region consumed 15,819 GWh of electric energy in 2017. Its power is sold into the electric wholesale market administered by the NYISO . Since the plant does not produce much electric energy on an annual basis, it is fair to assume that most of its revenue comes from the NYISO's capacity market. For example, at 1.0 ($ /kW - Month), the plant would receive annual revenue of $ 21.6 million from

5846-405: Was Jewish, while others were Roman Catholic, Protestant, and Greek and Russian Orthodox. Religious differences - as well as differences due to age and nationality - caused tension among the refugees in the camp. While in the camp, many complained about the loss of freedoms they encountered there. There were confiscations by U.S. Customs , censorship of their mail, and they were also unable to leave

5925-416: Was abandoned in its entirety on March 30, 1957. The tunnel from the former O&W is used as a rail trail . Fort Ontario was built between 1839 and 1844. Major masonry improvements to the forts outer wall were undertaken, but left incomplete when Congress canceled its funding in 1872. By 1901, the old fort was abandoned. The 2nd Brigade of the U.S. 1st Infantry Division called Fort Ontario home until

6004-733: Was built by the British in 1755 and called the "Fort of the Six Nations." Fort Ontario was destroyed by the French upon capturing it in the Battle of Fort Ontario , during the French and Indian War . Construction of a second British fort began on the same site in 1759, but Fort Ontario was only used as a cannon emplacement. During the American Revolution, the British abandoned the Fort, and in 1778, American troops destroyed it. In 1782,

6083-599: Was known in ancient Roman times as the Campania Felix. Archaeological sites excavated near Aversa have revealed human presence in the area since the Neolithic period . Some say that the founding of the ancient city took place with the Etruscans . In any case, because of endemic malaria that ravaged the region, the primitive city was abandoned. Only a small military fortification, a castellum, still stands in

6162-400: Was later bolstered by its status as a rail hub for much of the 19th and 20th centuries, though this status had begun to decline by the 1940s. During World War II , Fort Ontario was the site of the only Jewish refugee camp in the United States. Today, the city's economy is primarily based around manufacturing and services. Oswego is governed by a mayor, currently Republican Rob Corradino, and

6241-545: Was located on 80 acres that overlooked Lake Ontario . The purpose of the fort changed multiple times throughout its history. At various points, it was a British fur trading post, then an active military post for the US Army from the war of 1812 all the way through World War II as well as a major supply depot for its whole active service, then an educational camp for people who were illiterate, before finally being closed on March 15, 1944. Oswego, New York , which had benefited from

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