Kalanikūpule (c. 1760–1795) was the Mōʻī of Maui and King of Oʻahu . He was the last king to engage in combat with Kamehameha I over the Hawaiian Islands . Kalanikūpule was the last of the longest line of aliʻi nui in the Hawaiian Islands. In Hawaiian his name means "the heavenly prayer of Kū ".
27-566: Fort Ruger is a fort on the island of Oʻahu that served as the first military reservation in the Territory of Hawaii . Named after Civil War General Thomas H. Ruger and built in and around Diamond Head Crater, the fort was established by the United States for the purpose of defending the harbor of its newly annexed territory. The fort was established in 1906 as Diamond Head Reservation and renamed Fort Ruger in 1909. Fort Ruger
54-577: A puppet state . Kamehameha the Great conquered Kalanikūpule's forces in the Battle of Nuʻuanu . Kamehameha founded the Kingdom of Hawaii with the conquest of Oahu in 1795. Hawaii was not unified until King Kaumualiʻi surrendered the islands of Kauai and Niihau in 1810. Kamehameha III moved his capital from Lahaina , Maui to Honolulu , Oahu in 1845. ʻIolani Palace , built later by other members of
81-502: Is a purely decorative structure, a circular stonewalled planter with two jagged stone arches intersecting at 90-degree angles. It now stands at the edge of the Kapiolani Community College parking lot, but was once flanked by two large gun barrels. Oahu Oahu ( / oʊ ˈ ɑː h uː / oh- AH -hoo ; Hawaiian : Oʻahu pronounced [oˈʔɐhu] ) is the most populated and third-largest of
108-459: Is around 70–85 °F (21–29 °C). The island is the warmest from June through October. The winter is cooler, but still warm, with an average temperature of 68–78 °F (20–26 °C). Oahu is 44 miles (71 km) long and 30 miles (48 km) across. Its shoreline is 227 miles (365 km) long. Including small associated islands such as Ford Island plus those in Kāneʻohe Bay and off
135-520: Is often nicknamed (or translated as) "The Gathering Place" . The translation of "gathering place" was suggested as recently as 1922 by Hawaiian Almanac author Thomas Thrum. Thrum possibly ignored or misplaced the ʻokina because the Hawaiian phrase " ʻo ahu " could be translated as "gathering of objects" ( ʻo is a subject marker and ahu means "to gather" ). The term Oʻahu has no other confirmed meaning in Hawaiian . The island rose above
162-760: The Hawaiian Islands . The island of Oahu and the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands constitute the City and County of Honolulu . The state capital, Honolulu , is on Oahu's southeast coast. In 2021, Oahu had a population of 995,638, up from 953,207 in 2010 (approximately 70% of the total 1,455,271 population of the U.S. state of Hawaii , with approximately 81% of those living in or near the Honolulu urban area). The Island of Oahu in Hawaii
189-822: The Kingdom of Maui — arose between him and Kalanikūpule, resulting in war. Kalanikūpule was in a desperate situation. At this time, three foreign ships arrived. Two of these vessels, the Jackal and the Prince Lee Boo were British sloops under the command of Captain William Brown and Captain Robert Gordon. The third vessel, the Lady Washington , was an American snow with Captain John Hendrick in command. These were not strangers in
216-522: The Hawaiian Islands except the island of Hawaiʻi . His father had overthrown the king of Oahu and had established his base at Waikīkī . Kamehameha declared war on Maui and fought Kalanikūpule at the Battle of Kepaniwai . Kalanikūpule, facing imminent defeat, fled over a narrow mountain pass along with his high chiefs, and they sailed to Oʻahu. Kahekili began his war preparations. Kamehameha's troops returned to Hawaiʻi Island, and soon Kahekili
243-463: The Islands. The first great king of Oahu was Maʻilikūkahi , the lawmaker, who was followed by generations of monarchs. Kualiʻi was the first of the warlike kings and was succeeded by his sons. In 1773, the throne fell upon Kahahana, the son of Elani of Ewa. In 1783, Kahekili II , King of Maui, conquered Oahu, deposed the reigning family, and made his son, Kalanikūpule , king of Oahu, turning Oahu into
270-625: The eastern ( windward ) coast, its area is 596.7 square miles (1,545.4 km ), making it the 20th-largest island in the United States . The city of Honolulu —the state's capital and largest city is located on the island. As a jurisdictional unit, all of Oahu is in Honolulu County , although Honolulu occupies only part of its southeastern end. Well-known features of Oahu include Waikiki , Pearl Harbor , Diamond Head , Hanauma , Kāneʻohe Bay , Kailua Bay , North Shore , and
297-570: The fort. On the Waikiki side, there is a pair of gateposts on either side of the sidewalk and a square stone bunker across the street with a gun slit in the outside wall and with crenels and merlons along the top, as if it were a battlement in a European castle. On the Kahala side is a larger stone gatehouse with rounded edges of the kind popular in the 1930s. Between them, on the Kaimuki side,
SECTION 10
#1732801426317324-590: The harbor to show his position to Kalanikūpule’s men. The Oʻahu warriors killed Kaeo along with his wives and chiefs. This was a successful move, and the battle ended with Kalanikūpule as the victor. Captain Brown fired a salute to celebrate the victory. At least one gun was loaded with shot which pierced the side of the American ship Lady Washington , killing Captain Hendrick and several of his crew. Encouraged by
351-421: The islands as foreign trading vessels were frequent visitors to Hawaiʻi. It was Captain Brown who was given credit for discovering the harbor of Honolulu and naming it Fair Haven . Jackal and Prince Lee Boo were the tenders to the ship Butterworth , and were the first Western vessels to enter Honolulu harbor. Kalanikūpule asked Captain Brown for assistance to his army. The Captain decided to help him, as did
378-517: The local economy. Popular tourists attractions include beaches such as Ala Moana Beach , Hanauma Bay , Kāneʻohe Bay , Ko Olina Beach Park , Waikiki Beach , among others. Other tourist attractions include Ala Moana Center , Bishop Museum , the Honolulu Museum of Art , ʻIolani Palace , and Kualoa Ranch . Kalanik%C5%ABpule Kalanikūpule was the eldest son of Kahekili II and his wife Kauwahine. His father had gained control all of
405-642: The morning of December 7, 1941, brought the United States into World War II . The surprise attack was aimed at destroying the American will to fight and forcing the US to sue for peace. They attacked the Pacific Fleet of the United States Navy and its defending Army Air Forces and Marine Air Forces . The attack damaged or destroyed 12 American warships, destroyed 188 aircraft, and killed 2,335 American servicemen and 68 civilians (of those, 1,177 were
432-559: The resort destination Ko Olina . The island is composed of two separate shield volcanoes : the Waiʻanae and Koʻolau Ranges , with a broad valley or saddle (the central Oahu Plain) between them. The highest point is Kaʻala in the Waiʻanae Range, rising to 4,003 feet (1,220 m) above sea level. Oahu, along with the rest of the State of Hawaii, relies on tourism as a driving force of
459-538: The result of the destruction of the USS ; Arizona alone). Oahu became a tourism and shopping haven after World War II. Over five million visitors (mainly from the contiguous United States and Japan) flock there every year. Oahu is known for having the longest rain shower in recorded history. Kāneʻohe Ranch reported 247 straight days of rain from August 27, 1993, to April 30, 1994. The average temperature in Oahu
486-681: The royal family, still stands, and is the only royal palace on American soil. Oahu was apparently the first of the Hawaiian Islands sighted by the crew of HMS Resolution on January 19, 1778, during Captain James Cook 's third Pacific expedition. Escorted by HMS Discovery , the expedition was surprised to find tall islands this far north in the central Pacific. Oahu was not actually visited by Europeans until February 28, 1779, when Captain Charles Clerke aboard HMS Resolution stepped ashore at Waimea Bay . Clerke took command of
513-530: The sea during the Pliocene period from 4 million years ago when volcanoes erupted and formed the peaks from two shields. Then a period of extensive erosion followed, leaving the Wai‘anae and the young Ko‘olau Range as dormant volcanic ranges from remnants of volcanism. The island has been inhabited since at least the 3rd century A.D. The 304-year-old Kingdom of Oahu was once ruled by the most ancient aliʻi in
540-586: The ship after James Cook was killed at Kealakekua Bay ( island of Hawaiʻi ) on February 14, and was leaving the islands for the North Pacific. With the discovery of the Hawaiian Islands came the introduction of disease, mosquitoes, and aggressive animals. Although indirect, simple exposure to these foreign species caused permanent damage to the Native Hawaiian people and environment. The Imperial Japanese Navy 's attack on Pearl Harbor , Oahu on
567-528: The ships were put out to sea. While still ashore, the king and queen were placed in a canoe and set afloat. The ships sailed on to the island of Hawaiʻi, where the two mates secured supplies. They left a letter for John Young and Isaac Davis , informing to them of the situation on Oʻahu, and sailed at once for Canton. Knowing his enemy's disadvantage, Kamehameha used his strong army and his fleet of canoes and small ships to conquer Maui, Lānaʻi, and Molokaʻi from Kalanikūpule's rule in 1794. Kamehameha's next target
SECTION 20
#1732801426317594-552: The two mates of the Jackal and the Prince Lee Boo . These men aided Kalanikūpule’s force in what was later called the Battle of Kalauao . The muskets of the sailors drove Kaeo’s warriors into hills that overshadowed Honolulu. They finally retreated into a little ravine . Kaeo tried to escape, but Brown’s men and Kendrick’s men saw his ʻahu ʻula , his scarlet and yellow feather cloak , and fired at Kaeo from their boats in
621-406: The victory over his uncle, Kalanikūpule decided to acquire the Jackal and the Prince Lee Boo and military hardware to aid in his attack on Kamehameha on the island of Hawai'i. Kalanikūpule killed Brown and Gordon and abducted the remainder of his crew. Kalanikūpule planned an immediate attack on the island of Hawaiʻi. The crews of the two ships were ordered to get the ships ready to sail. This
648-478: Was able to regain Maui and Molokaʻi back. In July 1794 Kahekili died. Following the death of his father, Kalanikūpule took Oʻahu while his uncle Kaeokulani gained control of Maui, Lānaʻi , and Molokaʻi . When his uncle decided to visit his wife's home on Kauaʻi , he sailed from Maui by way of Oʻahu, taking his army with him. When his uncle reached Oʻahu he stopped at Waimanalo . Disputes — partly over inheritance of
675-458: Was done. He, his wife, and their retinue then went on board and took possession of their new vessels. The two mates of the English ships decided that they, with their crews, would try to recapture the ships. This was a daring venture, but they succeeded. The natives were either killed or driven from the ships, with the exception of Kalanikūpule and his queen and their personal attendants. Near dawn,
702-534: Was the Kalanikūpule's base at Oʻahu. As Kamehameha prepared for war, one of his former allies, a chief named Kaʻiana , turned on him and joined forces with Kalanikūpule. Kamehameha's warriors and Kalanikūpule fought a great battle at the summit of Nuʻuanu Pali which is known as the Battle of Nuʻuanu . Following his defeat, Kalanikūpule hid in the mountains for several months before being captured and sacrificed to Kamehameha's war god, Kū-ka-ili-moku . His death brought
729-615: Was the site of Battery Harlow, armed with eight 12-inch mortars . The fort's prominent location on Diamond Head made it a natural fire control station, with several posts built into Lēʻahi Peak. The Fort is listed on the National Register of Historic Places , with portions of the site still being used for training by the Hawaii National Guard . Few of the original buildings survive. The most striking are three sets of stone structures that mark former gates to
#316683