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43-401: It takes the name from the settlement of Fort Simpson , and was first described in well Briggs Turkey Lake No. 1 (located south-east of Fort Simpson) by A.E. Cameron in 1918. The Fort Simpson Formation is composed of grey shale and mudstone . The shale can be calcareous, silty or sandy. The Fort Simpson Formation reaches a thickness of over 1,000 metres (3,280 ft) in the sub-surface of

86-402: A subarctic climate ( Köppen Dfc ) with long, cold winters and warm but short summers. July temperatures are unusually warm for such northerly areas, which demonstrates the extreme continental nature of the area's climate. However, the heat quickly turns into cold winters when daylight hours turn drastically shorter. Transition seasons are extremely short, and the year is on average dominated by

129-613: A "kingdom in its own right" within the British Empire , commonly known as the Dominion of Canada . Although a British dominion, Canada gained an increased level of political control and governance over its own affairs, the British parliament and cabinet maintaining political control over certain areas, such as foreign affairs, national defence, and constitutional changes . Canada gradually gained increasing sovereignty over

172-432: A budget of $ 14,000. Parliament was traditionally in session on July 1, but Fairclough persuaded Diefenbaker and the rest of the federal cabinet to attend. Official celebrations thereafter consisted usually of trooping the colour ceremonies on Parliament Hill in the afternoon and evening, followed by a mass band concert and fireworks display. Fairclough, who became Minister of Citizenship and Immigration , later expanded

215-410: A change of -8.5% from its 2016 population of 1,202 . With a land area of 77.89 km (30.07 sq mi), it had a population density of 14.1/km (36.6/sq mi) in 2021. In 2016, 890 people identified as Indigenous peoples . Of these the majority, 770, of the residents are First Nations with 95 Métis and 20 Inuit . The main languages are South Slavey and English. Fort Simpson has

258-658: A negative stigma among some Indigenous peoples in Canada and their sympathizers, who associate the day with injustices perpetuated against them by the Canadian state. Criticism was particularly prominent during Canada's sesquicentennial in 2017, with allegations that the commemorations downplayed the role of indigenous peoples in the country's history and the hardships they face in the present day. The same grievances were aired four years later, after possible unmarked graves of indigenous children were found in late-June 2021, at

301-655: Is a village, the only one in the entire territory, in the Dehcho Region of the Northwest Territories , Canada. The community is located on an island at the confluence of the Mackenzie and Liard rivers. It is approximately 500 km (310 mi) west of Yellowknife . Both rivers were traditionally trade routes for the Hudson's Bay Company and the native Dene people of the area. Fort Simpson

344-1062: Is conformably underlain by the Muskwa Member of the Horn River Formation . It is replaced by the Besa River Formation in the Liard River area. It is equivalent to the Imperial Formation to the north, the Tathlina Formation , Twin Falls Formation and Hay River Formation to the east, and the Woodbend Group in Alberta . Fort Simpson, Northwest Territories Fort Simpson ( Slavey language : Łı́ı́dlı̨ı̨ Kų́ę́ "place where rivers come together")

387-822: Is not the legal holiday. If it falls on a weekend, businesses normally closed that day will usually dedicate the following Monday as a day off. The enactment of the British North America Act, 1867 (today called the Constitution Act, 1867 ), which confederated Canada , was celebrated on July 1, 1867, with the ringing of the bells at the Cathedral Church of St James in Toronto and "bonfires, fireworks, and illuminations, excursions, military displays, and musical and other entertainments", as described in contemporary accounts. On June 20 of

430-533: Is the national day of Canada . A federal statutory holiday , it celebrates the anniversary of Canadian Confederation which occurred on July 1, 1867, with the passing of the British North America Act, 1867 , when the three separate colonies of the United Canadas , Nova Scotia , and New Brunswick were united into a single dominion within the British Empire called Canada. Originally called Dominion Day ( French : Le Jour de la Confédération ),

473-466: Is the "Open Sky Festival" which is held annually on or around the Canada Day long weekend . The Open Sky Festival is a multi-disciplinary arts festival which has occurred annually since 2001. Festival events include musical, theatrical, and other performances as well as traditional Dehcho Dene Crafts, visual arts, new media exhibitions, workshops, and demonstrations. The Open Sky festival is hosted by

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516-673: Is the regional centre of the Dehcho and is the gateway to the scenic South Nahanni River and the Nahanni National Park Reserve . Fort Simpson can be reached by air, water and road and has full secondary and elementary school service. The Mackenzie Highway was extended to Fort Simpson in 1970-71. The central section of the community is on an island near the south bank of the Mackenzie River, but industrial areas and rural residential areas are located along

559-513: The Canada's sesquicentennial in 2017, the Bank of Canada released a commemorative $ 10 banknote , which was expected to be broadly available by Canada Day. The COVID-19 pandemic led to the cancellation in 2020 of all in-person Canada Day festivities nationwide, due to social distancing and restrictions on public gatherings. Some were converted to virtual events . The same cancellations occurred

602-670: The Mackenzie River plain. It extends from northern Alberta to south-western northwest Territories and in north-eastern British Columbia (north of Peace River Arch ). The Fort Simpson Formation is overlain by the Jean Marie Member of the Redknife Formation in its eastern reaches, and progressively by the Kakisa Formation , Trout River Formation or Tetcho Formation towards the west. It

645-610: The Newfoundland Regiment 's heavy losses during the battle —and the enactment of the Chinese Immigration Act in 1923, leading Chinese-Canadians to refer to July 1 as Humiliation Day ( Chinese : 僑恥日 ; pinyin : Qiáo Chǐ Rì ) and boycott Dominion Day celebrations with shop closures, flying the Canadian flag on half-mast , or hanging wreaths in front of home and shop entrances until

688-985: The Royal Canadian Legion in Chapala , and at the Canadian Club in Ajijic . In China, Canada Day celebrations are held at the Bund Beach by the Canadian Chamber of Commerce in Shanghai and at Canadian International School in Beijing, sponsored by the Canada China Business Council . Given the federal nature of the anniversary, celebrating Canada Day can be a cause of friction in the province of Quebec , where

731-670: The Open Sky Creative Society, a multi-disciplinary arts organization serving artists working in the Dehcho region. The Dene of the community are represented by the Łı́ı́dlı̨ı̨ Kų́ę́ First Nation and the Métis by Fort Simpson Métis Local 52. Both groups belong to the Dehcho First Nations . In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Fort Simpson had a population of 1,100 living in 452 of its 572 total private dwellings,

774-567: The Senate did eventually pass the bill, regardless. With the granting of royal assent , the holiday's name was officially changed to Canada Day on October 27, 1982, and first celebrated under that name July 1, 1983. As the anniversary of Confederation, Dominion Day, and later Canada Day, was the date set for a number of important events, such as the first national radio network hookup by the Canadian National Railway (1927);

817-477: The act was repealed in 1947. Canada Day also coincides with Quebec's Moving Day , when many fixed-lease apartment rental terms expire. The bill changing the province's moving day from May 1 to July 1 was introduced by a federalist member of the Quebec National Assembly , Jérôme Choquette , in 1973, in order not to affect children still in school in the month of May. Most communities across

860-406: The bill in five minutes, without debate, inspiring "grumblings about the underhandedness of the process". It met with stronger resistance in the Senate. Ernest Manning argued that the rationale for the change was based on a misperception of the name and George McIlraith did not agree with the manner in which the bill was passed, urging the government to proceed in a more "dignified way". However,

903-501: The bills to include performing folk and ethnic groups. The day also became more casual and family oriented. Canada's centennial in 1967 is often seen as an important milestone in the history of Canadian nationalism and in Canada's maturing as a distinct, independent country, after which Dominion Day became more popular with average Canadians. Into the late 1960s, nationally televised, multi-cultural concerts held in Ottawa were added and

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946-478: The country host organized celebrations for Canada Day, typically outdoor public events, such as parades, carnivals, festivals, barbecues, air and maritime shows, fireworks, and free musical concerts, as well as citizenship ceremonies . There is no standard mode of celebration for Canada Day; Jennifer Welsh , a professor of International Relations at the University of Oxford , said about this: "Canada Day, like

989-404: The country, is endlessly decentralized. There doesn't seem to be a central recipe for how to celebrate it—chalk it up to the nature of the federation." In the national capital of Ottawa, concerts and cultural displays are held on the front lawn of Parliament Hill, as organized by Canadian Heritage , which include the main "noon show" and an evening programme. The event traditionally begins with

1032-555: The following year, Governor General the Viscount Monck issued a royal proclamation asking for Canadians to celebrate the anniversary of Confederation, However, the holiday was not established statutorily until May 15, 1879, when it was designated as Dominion Day , alluding to the reference in the British North America Act to the country as a dominion . The holiday was initially not dominant in

1075-693: The following year; though, some also for political reasons . In-person festivities in Ottawa returned in 2022, being re-located from Parliament Hill to LeBreton Flats due to construction associated with the Parliament Hill Rehabilitation project. Other events fell on the same day coincidentally, such as the first day of the Battle of the Somme in 1916—shortly after which Newfoundland recognized July 1 as Memorial Day to commemorate

1118-418: The fête became known as Festival Canada . After 1980, the Canadian government began to promote celebrating Dominion Day beyond the national capital, giving grants and aid to cities across the country to help fund local activities. Some Canadians were, by the early 1980s, informally referring to the holiday as Canada Day , a practice that caused some controversy: Proponents argued that the name Dominion Day

1161-712: The highway as far as the Fort Simpson Airport , just beyond which is the Liard River ferry crossing. Fort Simpson was first started as a fur trading site in 1803 then named Fort of the Forks. The Village of Fort Simpson was a permanent settlement in July 1822 when the Hudson's Bay Company constructed a trading post , naming it for George Simpson , then the Governor of Rupert's Land . Until 1910 Fort Simpson

1204-558: The holiday is overshadowed by the province's Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day ( Fête nationale ), on June 24. For example, the federal government funds Canada Day events at the Old Port of Montreal —an area run by a federal Crown corporation —while the Fête nationale parade is a grassroots effort that has faced difficulties in operating due to limited funding from the federal government and a lack of corporate sponsors. Canada Day has attracted

1247-626: The holiday was renamed in 1982, the same year that the Canadian constitution was patriated by the Canada Act, 1982 , which severed the vestiges of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom . Canada Day celebrations take place throughout the country, as well as in various locations around the world attended by Canadians living abroad . Canada Day is often informally referred to as "Canada's birthday", particularly in

1290-648: The inauguration of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 's cross-country television broadcast, with Governor General Vincent Massey 's Dominion Day speech from Parliament Hill (1958); the flooding of the Saint Lawrence Seaway (1958); the first colour television transmission in Canada (1966); the inauguration of the Order of Canada (1967); and the establishment of " O Canada " as the country's national anthem (1980). During

1333-494: The national calendar; any celebrations were mounted by local communities and the governor general hosted a party at Rideau Hall . No larger celebrations were held until 1917, and then none again for a further decade—the gold and diamond anniversaries of Confederation, respectively. In 1946, Philéas Côté , a Quebec member of the House of Commons , introduced a private member's bill to rename Dominion Day as Canada Day . The bill

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1376-412: The popular press. However, the term "birthday" can be seen as an oversimplification , as Canada Day is the anniversary of only one important national milestone on the way to the country's full sovereignty, namely the joining on July 1, 1867, of the colonies of Canada (divided into Ontario and Quebec ), Nova Scotia , and New Brunswick into a wider British federation of four provinces. Canada became

1419-725: The provincial legislative building, usually in the presence of the lieutenant-governor and/or premier of the province. Canadian expatriates will often organize Canada Day activities in their local area on or near the date of the holiday. Examples include Canada D'eh , an annual celebration that takes place on June 30 at Lan Kwai Fong , in Hong Kong; Canadian Forces ' events on bases in Afghanistan ; at Trafalgar Square outside Canada House in London , England ; in Mexico, at

1462-668: The radio from Yellowknife , he promised to visit in the future. He did so in September 1987 near the end of the tour of the United States, making a side trip to Fort Simpson. There are two main annual festivals which occur in Fort Simpson. The first which is held in March is known as the "Beavertail Jamboree". This is a winter carnival which includes traditional games, snowmobile races, and talent shows. The other festival

1505-621: The singing of " God Save the King " and " O Canada " in English and French followed by a flyover by the Snowbirds . Typically the governor general and prime minister officiate, though the monarch or another member of the royal family may also attend or take the governor general's place. Smaller events are mounted in other parks around the city and in neighbouring Gatineau , Quebec. In provincial capitals, official celebrations are often held at

1548-627: The site of an Indian residential school in British Columbia . If not already cancelled or modified due to restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic, Canada Day festivities were cancelled in various communities in British Columbia, New Brunswick, and Northern Saskatchewan , while indigenous protest group Idle No More announced its intent to organize peaceful rallies in multiple major cities. Some politicians supported

1591-756: The winter and to a lesser extent, summer. The average monthly temperatures range from −24.2 °C (−11.6 °F) in January to 17.4 °C (63.3 °F) in July. Most of the precipitation falls during the summer months. The highest temperature ever recorded in Fort Simpson was 36.6 °C (97.9 °F) on 25 July 1994 and 13 July 2014. The coldest temperature ever recorded was −56.1 °C (−69.0 °F) on 1 February 1947. Canada Day Canada Day ( French : Fête du Canada , lit.   'Feast of Canada', [faɛ̯t dzy kanadɑ] ), formerly known as Dominion Day ( French : Fête du Dominion , lit.   'Feast of Dominion'),

1634-512: The years—notably with the passage of the Statute of Westminster in 1931—until finally becoming completely sovereign with the passing of the Constitution Act, 1982 , which served to fully patriate the Canadian constitution . Under the federal Holidays Act, Canada Day is observed on July 1, unless that date falls on a Sunday, in which case July 2 is the statutory holiday. Celebratory events will generally still take place on July 1, even though it

1677-470: Was "a company town", with some participation by the Anglican and Roman Catholic Missions. The Dené know it as Łı́ı́dlı̨ı̨ Kų́ę́ , meaning the place where the rivers come together . It was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1969. Pope John Paul II attempted to visit the community in September 1984 as part of his Canadian tour, but was prevented from landing due to fog; in an address over

1720-469: Was a holdover from the colonial era—an argument given some impetus by the patriation of the Canadian constitution in 1982—and others asserted that an alternative was needed as the term does not translate well into French. Conversely, numerous politicians, journalists, and authors, such as Robertson Davies , decried the change at the time and some continue to maintain that it was illegitimate and an unnecessary break with tradition. Others claimed dominion

1763-485: Was officially renamed as a result of a private member's bill that was passed through the House of Commons on July 9, 1982, two years after its first reading . Only 12 members of parliament were present when the bill was taken up again, 8 fewer than the necessary quorum ; however, according to parliamentary rules, the quorum is enforceable only at the start of a sitting or when a member calls attention to it. The group passed

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1806-512: Was passed quickly by the lower chamber but was stalled by the Senate , which returned it to the commons with the recommendation that the holiday be renamed The National Holiday of Canada , an amendment that effectively killed the bill. The Canadian government began in 1958 to orchestrate Dominion Day celebrations. That year, then-Prime Minister John Diefenbaker requested that Secretary of State Ellen Fairclough organize appropriate events, with

1849-403: Was widely misunderstood and conservatively inclined commenters saw the change as part of a much larger attempt by Liberals to "re-brand" or re-define Canadian history. Columnist Andrew Cohen called Canada Day a term of "crushing banality" and criticized it as "a renunciation of the past [and] a misreading of history, laden with political correctness and historical ignorance". The holiday

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