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79-569: Kekionga - pronounced KEY-key-awn-guh - is the name of Chief Little Turtle 's Miami Indian settlement where the St. Joseph River and the St. Marys River join to form the Maumee River . This was the largest settlement of the Miami tribe. General "Mad" Anthony Wayne erected Fort Wayne at that same confluence, and the modern city of Fort Wayne, Indiana grew up around the fort. In the language of

158-482: A smallpox epidemic struck Kekionga in 1733 and people evacuated the village for a year. In a speech at the Treaty of Greenville (1795), Little Turtle called Kekionga "that glorious gate ... through which all the good words of our chiefs had to pass from the north to the south, and from the east to the west." Additionally, the village served as a gathering center for warrior natives of various tribes who engaged on

237-624: A "worse tyrant and more inhuman butcher than has existed since the days of Nero ... The man who votes for Lincoln now is a traitor and murderer ... And if he is elected to misgovern for another four years, we trust some bold hand will pierce his heart with dagger point for the public good". The Copperheads sometimes talked of violent resistance and, in some cases, started to organize. However, they never actually made an organized attack. As war opponents, Copperheads were suspected of disloyalty, and their leaders were sometimes arrested and held for months in military prisons without trial. One famous example

316-617: A Federal investigation thwarted his " Northwest Conspiracy ". Despite this Copperhead setback, tensions remained high. The Charleston Riot took place in Illinois in March 1864. Indiana Republicans then used the sensational revelation of an antiwar Copperhead conspiracy by elements of the Sons of Liberty to discredit Democrats in the 1864 House elections . The military trial of Lambdin P. Milligan and other Sons of Liberty revealed plans to set free

395-460: A bit too far. There was some real fire under that smokescreen of Republican propaganda". Jennifer Weber's Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North (2006) agrees more with Gray and Milton than with Klement. She argues that first, Northern antiwar sentiment was strong, so strong that Peace Democrats came close to seizing control of their party in mid-1864. Second, she shows

474-572: A challenge to "the champion club of the state", who were based in La Porte, Indiana for a match on 18 Sep 1866, but no results were recorded. The Kekiongas defeated a local rival by a score of 66–40. The game was played in Fort Wayne in Oct, 1866. The Kekiongas second baseman, Lumbard, hit two home runs while the shortstop Bell hit one home run. John Hoagland was captain for this game. On 9 Nov, 1866,

553-484: A despot and dunce. Although he supported the war effort in 1861, he blamed abolitionists for prolonging the war and denounced the government as increasingly despotic. By 1864, he was calling for peace at any price. John Mullaly 's Metropolitan Record was the official Catholic newspaper in New York City. Reflecting Irish American opinion, it supported the war until 1863 before becoming a Copperhead organ. In

632-531: A garrison there." Western native leaders, meanwhile, met at Kekionga to determine a response to the Treaty of Fort Harmar . United States General Josiah Harmar was ordered to invade Kekionga. In 1790, his army counted seven distinct villages in the vicinity of Kekionga, known collectively as "the Miami Towns" or Miamitown, in spite of large villages of Shawnee and Delaware also located there. The collected villages of Kekionga had advance knowledge of

711-585: A largely Copperhead platform and selected Ohio Representative George Pendleton , a Peace Democrat, as the vice-presidential candidate. However, it chose a pro-war presidential candidate, General George B. McClellan . The contradiction severely weakened the party's chances to defeat Lincoln. The values of the Copperheads reflected the Jacksonian democracy of an earlier agrarian society. The Copperhead movement attracted Southerners who had settled north of

790-581: A mail bag from a state now in the Confederacy: A day or two since, when one of the mail-bags coming from the South by way of Alexandria, was emptied in the court-yard of the Post-office, a box fell out and was broken open, – from which two copperheads, one four and a half and the other three feet long, crawled out. The larger one was benumbed and easily killed; the other was very lively and venomous and

869-651: A second team, the Kekionga Base Ball Club of Fort Wayne, was formed that year as well. The first game of the 1866 schedule saw the Kekiongas win against the Enterprise of Sydney by a score of 54–34. The game was played in Sydney on 24 August 1866 with a time of 3 hours and 40 minutes. Charles Taylor and John Evans each hit a home run for the Kekiongas. Diehl was captain for this game. The club sent

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948-498: A series of battles with forces led by Little Turtle . The Miami victories over General Harmar's army encouraged anti-U.S. sentiment in Kekionga, and United States Secretary of War Henry Knox now decided that a United States fort needed to be built in the area. He ordered Governor St. Clair to attack Kekionga and maintain a presence in the area. That campaign was intercepted long before they reached their destination in what became

1027-675: A series of trials in 1864. Copperheadism was a highly contentious grassroots movement. It had its strongest base just north of the Ohio River and in some urban ethnic wards. In the State of Ohio, perhaps in contrast with Indiana and Illinois, the counties that had Peace Democrat majorities tended not to be along the Ohio River, but more in the central and northwestern portions of the state. Historians such as Wood Gray , Jennifer Weber and Kenneth M. Stampp have argued that it represented

1106-607: A traditionalistic element alarmed at the rapid modernization of society sponsored by the Republican Party and that it looked back to Jacksonian democracy for inspiration. Weber argues that the Copperheads damaged the Union war effort by opposing conscription , encouraging desertion , and forming conspiracies. Still, other historians say that the draft was already in disrepute and that the Republicans greatly exaggerated

1185-604: A way of life that he thought was being destroyed by the current rulers of his country. His bold protests against these dangerous trends made him the idol of the Democracy of the Wabash Valley . Two central questions have run through the historiography of the Copperheads: "How serious a threat did they pose to the Union war effort and hence to the nation's survival?" and "To what extent and with what justification did

1264-406: Is the only player ever to pitch 100 games or to win at least 50 in three different major leagues. He is credited with inventing the spitball and the out-curve. Deacon White was another historic player, ending his 22-year career as playing owner of Buffalo's Brotherhood team. Although the team is conventionally called the "Fort Wayne Kekiongas", using the modern context of a city name plus a nickname,

1343-606: Is the only player ever to win over 50 games in each of the major leagues. That's an even greater accomplishment considering that he played outfield on days he wasn't pitching. Bobby Mathews won 42 games in 1874 for the New York Mutuals (National League). Parker, Robert D., Kekionga 41°5′19″N 85°7′26″W  /  41.08861°N 85.12389°W  / 41.08861; -85.12389 Kekionga ( Miami-Illinois : Kiihkayonki , meaning "blackberry bush"), also known as Kiskakon or Pacan's Village,

1422-616: The Northwest Ordinance passed by Congress guaranteed free use of important portages in the region. At that time, the Miami claimed the portage brought them $ 100 per day. After the construction of Fort Wayne, Kekionga's importance to the Miami slowly declined. The Miami village at the Forks of the Wabash (modern Huntington, Indiana ) became more prominent. Despite the strong U.S. presence and loss of portage revenue, however,

1501-648: The 1864 presidential election , when they were used to discredit the leading Democratic candidates. Copperhead support increased when Union armies did poorly and decreased when they won great victories. After the fall of Atlanta in September 1864, Union military success seemed assured, and Copperheadism collapsed. A possible origin of the name came from a New York Times newspaper account in April 1861 that stated that when postal officers in Washington, D.C., opened

1580-738: The American Revolutionary War , Kekionga was sacked by a force of French colonials led by Colonel Augustin de La Balme , who planned to take Detroit from the British. A Miami force led by Chief Little Turtle destroyed the French force. The Miami and the European-American traders of Kekionga remained economically tied to the British-held Fort Detroit , even after the British ceded all claims of

1659-451: The B.B. affairs, and if you are a Jentleman for God Sake Place it in your Local So that Others ma See Some of your Wonderous Works up here. Fort Wayne hosted a team from Peru, Indiana , and defeated them 23–7 in six innings on 9 Sep 1867. Charles Gorham hit a home run for the Kekiongas. The Empires were hosted by Kekiongas on 5 Oct 1867 with Kekiongas winning 37–6. No home runs were recorded for Fort Wayne. Catchers The Kekiongas played

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1738-481: The Battle of Fallen Timbers , Kekionga's prominence began to diminish among the Miami. The Legion arrived at Kekionga on 17 September 1794, and Wayne personally selected the site for the new U.S. fort , which was named for him. It was finished by 17 October, and was capable of withstanding 24-pound cannons. Despite their objections, the Miami lost control of the long portage by the Treaty of Greenville (1795), since

1817-612: The Cleveland Forest Citys got 3 hits in 4 at-bats; the other Cleveland players only shared 2 hits among them. Deacon White scored the first hit, the first extra-base hit (a double) and was the first to hit into a double-play. The game was rained out in the top of the 9th inning. Attendance was 200, and the umpire was John Boake . Bobby Mathews, who went on to play five seasons each in the National Association, National League, and American Association,

1896-563: The Colored Orphan Asylum , an orphanage for 233 black children. On August 19, 1864, John Mullaly was arrested for inciting resistance to the draft. Even in an era of extremely partisan journalism, Copperhead newspapers were remarkable for their angry rhetoric. Wisconsin newspaper editor Marcus M. Pomeroy of the La Crosse Democrat referred to Lincoln as "Fungus from the corrupt womb of bigotry and fanaticism" and

1975-778: The Fort Wayne Kekiongas . It also appears on Fort Wayne's city seal. Copperhead (politics) In the 1860s, the Copperheads , also known as Peace Democrats , were a faction of the Democratic Party in the Union who opposed the American Civil War and wanted an immediate peace settlement with the Confederates . Republicans started labeling anti-war Democrats "Copperheads" after

2054-634: The Knights of the Golden Circle . Formed in Ohio in the 1850s, it became politicized in 1861. It reorganized as the Order of American Knights in 1863 and again in early 1864 as the Order of the Sons of Liberty, with Vallandigham as its commander. One leader, Harrison H. Dodd , advocated the violent overthrow of the governments of Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, and Missouri in 1864. Democratic Party leaders and

2133-670: The Northwest Territory to the new United States following the war in the Treaty of Paris (1783) . In 1790, the Canadian Governor Guy Carleton warned the government in London that the loss of Kekionga would result in grave economic hardships to Detroit. He estimated that Kekionga annually produced 2000 packs of pelts, worth about £24,000 sterling. This was twice the value of the next most important trade area, between Detroit and Lake Huron. During

2212-702: The Ohio River , and the poor and merchants who had lost profitable Southern trade. They were most numerous in border areas, including southern parts of Ohio, Illinois, and Indiana (in Missouri, comparable groups were avowed Confederates). The movement had scattered bases of support outside the lower Midwest. A Copperhead element in Connecticut dominated the Democratic Party there. The Copperhead coalition included many Irish American Catholics in eastern cities, mill towns and mining camps (especially in

2291-503: The Wabash River and Mississippi River . Due to the mid-17th century French and Iroquois Wars over the fur trade, most traders believed the route was too dangerous. Following the wars, however, the portage proved to be the shortest route between the French colonies of New France (Canada) and La Louisiane . The area was full of wildlife as it had not been densely inhabited for years. The Miami at first benefited from trade with

2370-529: The eastern copperhead ( Agkistrodon contortrix ), a species of venomous snake. Those Democrats embraced the moniker, reinterpreting the copper "head" as the likeness of Liberty, which they cut from Liberty Head large cent coins and proudly wore as badges. By contrast, Democratic supporters of the war were called War Democrats . Notable Copperheads included two Democratic Congressmen from Ohio: Reps. Clement L. Vallandigham and Alexander Long . Republican prosecutors accused some prominent Copperheads of treason in

2449-618: The British trade economy, and protected a strategic portage between the Great Lakes Basin and Mississippi watershed . Knox, however, was concerned that a U.S. fort at Kekionga would provoke the Indians and denied the request to build a fort there from Northwest Territory governor Arthur St. Clair . St. Clair, in 1790, had told both Washington and Knox that "we will never have peace with the Western Nations until we have

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2528-635: The Confederate prisoners held in the state. The culprits were sentenced to hang, but the Supreme Court intervened in Ex parte Milligan , saying they should have received civilian trials. Most Copperheads actively participated in politics. On May 1, 1863, former Congressman Vallandigham declared that the war was being fought not to save the Union but to free the blacks and enslave Southern whites. The U.S. Army then arrested him for declaring sympathy for

2607-578: The Europeans, who were primarily Canadiens from Quebec. Under Jean Baptiste Bissot, Sieur de Vincennes , the Canadiens established a trading post and fort , first at the St. Joseph River , and later at Kekionga. Vincennes and the Miami developed a strong and enduring friendship. Kekionga remained a central site for the Miami for several decades; their other villages were more temporary. The large meeting house hosted official tribal councils. However,

2686-686: The Fifth Column , which likewise condemned the traitorous Copperheads and praised Lincoln as a model defender of democracy. Gilbert R. Tredway , a professor of history, in his 1973 study Democratic Opposition to the Lincoln Administration in Indiana found most Indiana Democrats were loyal to the Union and desired national reunification. He documented Democratic counties in Indiana having outperformed Republican counties in recruiting soldiers. Tredway found that Copperhead sentiment

2765-614: The Fort Wayne players, described as "turbulent and rowdy" by the Kendallville Standard , argued with the umpire after the third inning. In the opinion of the Kendallville newspaper, the umpire then "favored the Fort Wayne Club in every instance, and giving a number of most outrageous and unjust decisions." The Fort Wayne newspaper refers to Kendallville bragging after a victory against the Kekiongas earlier in

2844-484: The Kekiongas played the last game of their season against the same Summit City ballclub, winning 80–29. Kekiongas hit twelve home runs during the game, with Bell accounting for four and Hoagland, Hadden, F.A. Gorham, Lumbard, Aveline, Diehl, C. Gorham and Shoaff each contributing one. Aveline was awarded a "huge cigar" for making the fewest outs while scoring the most runs (0 outs, 11 runs). Catchers The following year, they played several games during 1867, touring around

2923-471: The Kekiongas sold for $ 5 in 1871, and allowed entry to games for two people. The honor of playing the first game of the newly organized National Association of Professional Base Ball Players was decided by coin flip. The game was played at the Kekionga Ball Grounds . Bobby Mathews , 5'5", 140 lbs, and 20 years old, hurled a 2–0 shutout for the Kekiongas. Deacon White , catcher for

3002-483: The Keyiongas could not beat us playing the would whip us, that is nice talk for an Editor of a Copperhead Papper did you thing about fiting when Our Country were about to be destroyed by Some of your Brethren in the South, you would Like perhaps to get the game fought out by some others, and you would stop at your Cheese Press and Blow, all wee ask is for you to keep your blubber head Shut and not disturb yourself About

3081-563: The Lincoln administration and other Republican officials violate civil liberties to contain the perceived menace?" The first book-length scholarly treatment of the Copperheads was The Hidden Civil War: The Story of the Copperheads (1942) by Wood Gray . In it, Gray decried the "defeatism" of the Copperheads and argued that they deliberately served the Confederacy's war aims. Also in 1942, George Fort Milton published Abraham Lincoln and

3160-403: The Miami in 1751, as tensions rose in the region. French officials tried to persuade the Miami to return to Kekionga, which was nearer their stronghold of Detroit and harder for the British to reach. Lieutenant Louis Coulon de Villiers was sent to the dilapidated Fort Miamis and given authority to commandeer French voyageurs to construct a new fort, which was finished in 1752. In the same year,

3239-519: The Miami maintained sovereignty in Kekionga through the War of 1812 . Under the Treaty of Ghent in 1814, they were forced to cede this and other central Indiana land in punishment for their not having supported the United States in the war. The site was redeveloped as the city of Fort Wayne, Indiana between 1819 and 1823. The old name was used for one of the first professional baseball teams,

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3318-489: The Miami tribe, kekionga means Blackberry Patch . In April 1862, several young men gathered in Fort Wayne, Indiana, to form the Summit City Club to play baseball. Banker Allen Hamilton donated land between major thoroughfares Calhoun and Clinton Street, south of Lewis Street, for a ball field. Play was short-lived, as members enlisted in the Union army, some dying in the war. The club reorganized in 1866, and

3397-500: The Miami villages. They frequently talked with the chiefs Pacanne , Little Turtle, Blue Jacket , and Le Gris , as well as brothers James, George, and Simon Girty , who lived only three miles away. The new President of the United States George Washington , as early as 1784, had told Henry Knox that a strong U.S. post should be established at Kekionga. The large Native American city was important to

3476-807: The Native Americans' greatest victory over United States forces. Following the 1790 attacks by Harmar, the Native American confederacy moved their center away from Kekionga, to the Auglaize River . In 1794, the American General Anthony Wayne led his well-trained Legion of the United States toward Kekionga, but turned and marched toward the British-held Fort Miami near modern-day Toledo, Ohio . Following General Wayne's victory at

3555-798: The Old Dutchess. It is also called the Grand Dutchess in Twentieth Century History of Fort Wayne , by John Ankenbruck and in an article in the Fort Wayne Daily Sentinel , November 6, 1871.) Some sources give "Grand Duchess" as the name of the ballfield itself, but contemporary records contradict this.The Grand Duchess burned to the ground on November 5, 1871. Paid attendance was poor, and players were poorly paid, or not at all. A number of homesick players from Baltimore returned home. By mid-season,

3634-735: The Pennsylvania coal fields). They were also numerous in German Catholic areas of the Midwest , especially Wisconsin. Historian Kenneth Stampp has captured the Copperhead spirit in his depiction of Congressman Daniel W. Voorhees of Indiana: There was an earthy quality in Voorhees, "the tall sycamore of the Wabash." On the stump his hot temper, passionate partisanship, and stirring eloquence made an irresistible appeal to

3713-430: The Philadelphia Athletics. He never again played professional baseball, and died at the age of 80 in Los Angeles . The Grand Dutchess burned down on November 5, 1871. By the time the fire department arrived, the fire had too great a start to salvage the grandstand. Bobby Mathews won 6 and lost 11 games for the Kekiongas, but it probably was not his fault. He played five years in each of three different major leagues, and

3792-432: The President as a tyrant destroying American republican values with despotic and arbitrary actions. Some Copperheads tried to persuade Union soldiers to desert. They talked of helping Confederate prisoners of war seize their camps and escape. They sometimes met with Confederate agents and took money. The Confederacy encouraged their activities whenever possible. The Copperheads had numerous important newspapers, but

3871-414: The actual name of the team was "Kekionga" and was so listed in standings, rather than "Fort Wayne". The community raised funds and erected a grandstand at Kekionga Base Ball Grounds, located on the former Union Army training grounds, Camp Allen. The grandstand was called "The Grand Dutchess" because of its lavish construction. (The publication Batter Up refers to the grandstand as the Grand Dutchess, not

3950-421: The army, and most of the people evacuated the area, carrying as many of their food stores as possible. The traders took their trade goods to Fort Detroit, after giving out all their arms and ammunition to the Miami defenders. Major Ebenezer Denny , an officer with the US, drew a map of Kekionga in 1790, which showed a collection of eight distinct villages, surrounded by 500 acres of cornfields. Denny described

4029-417: The conspiracies for partisan reasons. Historians such as Gray and Weber argue that the Copperheads were inflexibly rooted in the past and were naive about the refusal of the Confederates to return to the Union. Convinced that the Republicans were ruining the traditional world they loved, they were obstructionist partisans. In turn, the Copperheads became a significant target of the National Union Party in

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4108-481: The editors never allied. In Chicago, Wilbur F. Storey made the Chicago Times into Lincoln's most vituperative enemy. The New York Journal of Commerce , originally abolitionist, was sold to owners who became Copperheads, giving them an important voice in the largest city. A typical editor was Edward G. Roddy , owner of the Uniontown, Pennsylvania Genius of Liberty . He was an intensely partisan Democrat who saw African Americans as an inferior race and Lincoln as

4187-437: The enemy. He was court-martialed by the Army and sentenced to imprisonment, but Lincoln commuted the sentence to banishment behind Confederate lines. The Democrats nevertheless nominated him for governor of Ohio in 1863. He left the Confederacy and went to Canada, where he campaigned for governor but lost after an intense battle. He operated behind the scenes at the 1864 Democratic convention in Chicago. This convention adopted

4266-472: The frontier. Approximately 26 war parties were known to have left the village throughout 1786. There is strong tradition and evidence to support that a secret society of prominent Miami warriors periodically met at the Miamitown to burn a captive and eat their flesh. There is additional information that for an extended period of time, the Shawnee would also torture captives here taken from southern Ohio, Kentucky, and Pennsylvania. The site of this torture ground

4345-410: The game and one of the members of the Toledo club arranged for a private train car for the Kekiongas' return trip. Players F.A. Gorham and Charles Gorham drafted an announcement for the Fort Wayne Daily Gazette publicly lauding the Toledo club. Toledo visited Fort Wayne on 22 Aug 1867, results were not recorded. Kekiongas played Kendallville, Indiana , in early Sep 1867, with Kekiongas winning after

4424-417: The large village, originally known as Fort Miami , due to its key location on the portage connecting Lake Erie to the Wabash and Mississippi rivers. The European-American town of Fort Wayne, Indiana started as a settlement around the American Fort Wayne stockade after the War of 1812 . Long occupied by successive cultures of indigenous peoples , Kekionga was a large village of the Miami people at

4503-400: The legendary 1869 Cincinnati Red Stockings twice. The Red Stockings were the first baseball team in the US to have all paid players, and went $ 16,000 in debt ($ 366,000 in 2023 dollars) to do so. Cincinnati won the first game 86–8, but as Fort Wayne had improved over the summer, they only achieved a 41–7 victory in the second contest. The 1869 Red Stockings ended up with 57 victories and 1 tie for

4582-498: The old ways. Klement argued in the 1950s that the Copperheads' activities, especially their supposed participation in treasonous anti-Union secret societies, were mostly false inventions by Republican propaganda machines designed to discredit the Democrats at election time. Curry sees Copperheads as poor traditionalists battling against the railroads, banks, and modernization. In his standard history Battle Cry of Freedom (1988), James M. McPherson asserted Klement had taken "revision

4661-551: The peace sentiment led to deep divisions and occasional violence across the North. Third, Weber concluded that the peace movement deliberately weakened the Union military effort by undermining both enlistment and the operation of the draft. Indeed, Lincoln had to divert combat troops to retake control of New York City from the anti-draft rioters in 1863. Fourth, Weber shows how the attitudes of Union soldiers affected partisan battles back home. The soldiers' rejection of Copperheadism and overwhelming support for Lincoln's reelection in 1864

4740-428: The pro-French chief Cold Foot died at Kekionga in another smallpox epidemic. When the French-allied Three Fires Confederacy destroyed Pickawillany, most of the surviving Miami returned to Kekionga, which stopped assisting the French. After the French and Indian War (1756-1763) ended with the French defeated, France ceded Canada to the British Empire. The Miami of Kekionga became involved in Pontiac's Rebellion in

4819-427: The rivers with “several little towns on both branches, but the principal one is below the confluence on the north side. Several tolerable good log houses, said to have been occupied by British traders; a few pretty good gardens with some fruit trees and vast fields of corn in almost every direction.” The United States army burned some villages and food stores, but was forced to retreat after suffering high casualties in

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4898-413: The schedule was an exhibition of the Kekiongas First Nine versus their Second Nine in July 1867. The First Nine topped the Second Nine by a score of 54–45. The Kekiongas were hosted by the Toledo, Ohio ballclub on 25 Jul 1867. Rather than treat other teams as opponents, clubs would often go to great lengths to extend graciousness and hospitality to their rivals. The two clubs dined together the night before

4977-501: The season. The following summer, the Maryland Club of Baltimore broke up in mid-season, and the Kekiongas recruited their best players, including pitcher Bobby Mathews , who is credited with having invented the spitball and being the first master of the curveball. When the team played the Chicago White Sox later that season, the Chicago fans were so humiliated that they threw rocks at Fort Wayne players, injuring several of them. The National Association of Professional Base Ball Players

5056-433: The spring and summer of 1863, the paper urged its Irish working-class readers to pursue armed resistance to the draft passed by Congress earlier in the year. When the draft began in the city, working-class European Americans , largely Irish, responded with violent riots from July 13 to 16, lynching, beating and hacking to death more than 100 black New Yorkers and burning down black-owned businesses and institutions, including

5135-530: The spring of 1763, capturing the British garrison and killing the two ranking officers. The following year, Pacanne emerged as the village chief when he spared the life of the captive Captain Thomas Morris and returned him to Detroit. By 1765, Kekionga had accepted the British. Deputy commissioner George Croghan described Kekionga: The Twightwee Village is situated on both Sides of a River called St. Joseph's ... The Indian Village Consists of about 40 or 50 Cabins besides nine or ten French Houses. In 1780 during

5214-429: The team had fallen apart, and the last game was played on August 29, giving the Kekiongas 7 wins for the year. The team was managed by Bill Lennon for the first 14 games, then Harry Deane for the final five. The Grand Duchess burned to the ground on November 5, 1871. Leading the offense for the Kekiongas was first-baseman James H. "Jim" Foran , who hit .348. Only 23 at the time, he had previously played third-base for

5293-417: The time of European encounter; The largest village of its kind in the state of Indiana . Its name refers to the abundance of blackberries in the region, and was located in the most expansive brier patch in the state. Kekionga was naturally situated to be an important trading post for Europeans due to its location on the six-mile portage between the Maumee and Little rivers, which connected Lake Erie to

5372-443: The upper Midwest. Frank H. Wolke, who served as a non-player with the club, was the Vice President of the 1867 State Base Ball Convention in Indianapolis, Indiana . George Mayers also attended the conference and was chosen captain of a team composed of other conference attendees. The team played another club named the Westerns and lost, 50–8. The "Picked Nine" cited unfamiliarity with their teammates for their defeat. The first game of

5451-454: The western Democracy [i.e. the Democratic Party]. His bitter cries against protective tariffs and national banks , his intense race prejudice , his suspicion of the eastern Yankee , his devotion to personal liberty , his defense of the Constitution and State's rights faithfully reflected the views of his constituents. Like other Jacksonian agrarians , he resented the political and economic revolution then in progress. Voorhees idealized

5530-432: The winter of 1789/1790, the traders Henry Hay and John Kinzie stayed in Kekionga. Hay kept a daily journal, which recorded their regular routines of drinking, dancing, and parties, as well as weekly Mass . Hay played the flute and Kinzie played the fiddle, which made them popular with the inhabitants of Kekionga. Although Hay and Kinzie stayed primarily in the French-speaking village in Kekionga, they also described some of

5609-419: The year. On 10 Sep 1867, the Fort Wayne Daily Gazette published a letter from "a member of the Kendallville baseball club" which displays contemporary insults during the early American Civil War . The editor published the letter spellatim et literatim , which was derivative of the Latin verbatim et literatim meaning word-for-word. In this case, the editor wanted the readers to know that the incorrect spelling

5688-399: Was General Ambrose Burnside 's 1863 General Order Number 38 , issued in Ohio, which made it an offense (to be tried in military court) to criticize the war in any way. The order was used to arrest Ohio congressman Clement L. Vallandigham when he criticized the order itself. However, Lincoln commuted his sentence but exiled him to the Confederacy. Probably the largest Copperhead group was

5767-692: Was allegedly located near the present day Columbia street bridge in Lakeside. This activity contributed to the outbreak of the Northwest Indian War . British merchants, seeking to expand their economic base, convinced some Miami to travel East for trade, in violation of the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht . In 1749, the pro-British La Demoiselle left Kekionga to establish the English trading village of Pickawillany , which grew rapidly. Fighting between pro-French and pro-British villages broke out among

5846-554: Was decisive in securing the Northern victory and the preservation of the Union. The Copperheads' appeal, she argues, waxed and waned with Union failures and successes in the field. There was no official flag for Copperheads they differed from area to area. Most accounts from that time indicate some flags had a white field white with the inscription "peace" and "nation." Other were American with 13 to 22 stars and 11-7 stripes these were known as "exclusionary flags". They mostly cut out

5925-493: Was dispatched with some difficulty and danger. What are we to think of a people who resort to such weapons of warfare. During the American Civil War (1861–1865), the Copperheads nominally favored the Union and strongly opposed the war, about which they faulted abolitionists . They demanded immediate peace and resisted draft laws . They wanted President Abraham Lincoln and the Republicans ousted from power, seeing

6004-497: Was formed in New York City in 1871. In addition to the Kekiongas, the other teams were based in Philadelphia , Chicago , Boston , Washington, D.C. , Troy, New York , New York City, Cleveland, Ohio , and Rockford, Illinois . Each team was to play a best-3-of-5 series with each other team, and the best team would be able to fly a pennant for a year. The franchise fee for each team was $ 10. Season tickets, or "Subscriptions" for

6083-513: Was from the original letter. ...but it were not a Ball Play, the game Played there were played by Some Outsiders. the Fort Wayne Democrat called them Gentlemen, but if they associate with him, we would like to no if he is a Gentleman. O, Shame Democrat. We did not thing you would associate with Such Low Vagabonds, Scape Gallowses, and Pickpockets, Gamblers and Hellish Looking Specimens of humanity as they are. Mr. Democrat Said that if

6162-772: Was the capital of the Miami tribe . It was located at the confluence of the Saint Joseph and Saint Marys rivers to form the Maumee River on the western edge of the Great Black Swamp in present-day Indiana . Over their respective decades of influence from colonial times to after the American Revolution , French and Indian Wars , and the Northwest Indian Wars , the French, British and Americans all established trading posts and forts at

6241-471: Was uncommon among the rank-and-file Democrats in Indiana. The chief historians who look more favorably on the Copperheads are Richard O. Curry and Frank L. Klement . Klement devoted most of his career to debunking the idea that the Copperheads represented a danger to the Union. Klement and Curry have downplayed the treasonable activities of the Copperheads, arguing the Copperheads were traditionalists who fiercely resisted modernization and wanted to return to

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