17-518: Forty Martyrs may refer to: Forty Martyrs of England and Wales , a group of Catholics martyred between 1535 and 1679 Forty Martyrs of Sebaste , Roman soldiers martyred c. 320 in Roman Armenia Forty Martyrs of Brazil a.k.a. Forty Martyrs of Tazacorte , a group of Jesuits en route to Brazil martyred in 1570 by Huguenot privateers See also [ edit ] Church of
34-599: A declaration of martyrdom, which is a certification that the Venerable died voluntarily as a witness of the Catholic faith or in an act of heroic charity for others. The Archbishop of Westminster, then Cardinal William Godfrey , sent a description of 24 seemingly miraculous cases to the Sacred Congregation. Out of 20 candidate cases for recognition as answered prayers, the alleged cure of a young mother from
51-537: A malignant tumor was selected as the clearest case. In light of the fact that Thomas More and John Fisher, belonging to the same group of Martyrs, had been canonized with a dispensation from miracles, Pope Paul VI, after discussions with the Sacred Congregation for the Causes of Saints, considered that it was possible to proceed with the Canonization on the basis of one miracle. Pope Paul VI granted permission for
68-484: A publication now in the public domain : Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Penal Laws". Catholic Encyclopedia . New York: Robert Appleton Company. William Godfrey William Godfrey (25 July 1889 – 22 January 1963) was an English Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church . He served as Archbishop of Westminster and de facto primate of England and Wales from 1956 until his death, and
85-414: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Forty Martyrs of England and Wales The Forty Martyrs of England and Wales or Cuthbert Mayne and Thirty-Nine Companion Martyrs are a group of Catholic , lay and religious, men and women, executed between 1535 and 1679 for treason and related offences under various laws enacted by Parliament during
102-500: The English Reformation . The individuals listed range from Carthusian monks who in 1535 declined to accept Henry VIII 's Act of Supremacy , to seminary priests who were caught up in the alleged Popish Plot against Charles II in 1679. Many were sentenced to death at show trials , or with no trial at all. The first wave of executions came with the reign of King Henry VIII and involved persons who did not support
119-543: The 1534 Act of Supremacy and dissolution of the monasteries. Carthusian John Houghton and Bridgettine Richard Reynolds died at this time. In 1570 Pope Pius V , in support of various rebellions in England and Ireland, excommunicated Queen Elizabeth , absolving her Catholic subjects of their allegiance to her. The Crown responded with more rigorous enforcement of various penal laws already enacted and passed new ones. The Treason Act 1571 made it high treason to affirm that
136-705: The English Reformation on 4 May. In Wales, the Catholic Church keeps 25 October as the feast of the Six Welsh Martyrs and their companions. The Welsh Martyrs are the priests Philip Evans and John Lloyd , John Jones , David Lewis , John Roberts , and the teacher Richard Gwyn . The companions are the 34 English Martyrs listed above. Wales continues to keep 4 May as a separate feast for the beatified martyrs of England and Wales. [REDACTED] This article incorporates text from
153-532: The Martyrs (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Forty Martyrs . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Forty_Martyrs&oldid=1080315609 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
170-438: The love of Christ". He was vehemently opposed to birth control . At one point in his tenure, he caused some mirth by calling for English Catholics to feed their pets less during Lent . Archbishop Godfrey was created Cardinal-Priest by Pope John XXIII in the consistory of 15 December 1958 and was assigned the title of Ss. Nereo ed Achilleo . Godfrey, who enjoyed the piano and sports, lived long enough to attend only
187-627: The queen ought not to enjoy the Crown, or to declare her to be a heretic. The Jesuits, etc. Act 1584 , the statute under which most of the English martyrs suffered, made it high treason for any Jesuit or any seminary priest to be in England at all, and a felony for any person to harbour or aid them. All but six of the forty had been hanged, drawn and quartered, many of them at Tyburn . Following beatifications between 1886 and 1929 , there were already numerous martyrs from England and Wales recognised with
SECTION 10
#1732772366966204-513: The rank of Blessed. The bishops of the province identified a list of 40 further names; reasons given for the choice of those particular names include a spread of social status, religious rank, geographical spread and the pre-existence of popular devotion. The list of names was submitted to Rome in December 1960. In the case of a martyr, a miracle is not required. For a martyr, the Pope has only to make
221-471: The whole group of 40 names to be recognised as saints on the strength of this one miracle. The canonization ceremony took place in Rome on 25 October 1970. In England, these martyrs were formerly commemorated within the Catholic Church by a feast day on 25 October, which is also the feast of Saints Crispin and Crispinian , but they are now celebrated together with all the 284 canonized or beatified martyrs of
238-539: The year when he was appointed rector of the English College, Rome and given the title Monsignor (28 October). At the college, the strict priest was known to his students as "Uncle Bill". In 1935, Godfrey was made a member of the Pontifical Commission to Malta , and attended in an official capacity the 1937 coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth . On 21 November 1938, Mgr Godfrey
255-691: Was also chargé d'affaires of the Holy See to the Polish government-in-exile in London in 1943. He left these diplomatic posts on 10 November 1953 when he was made Archbishop of Liverpool . Pope Pius XII appointed Godfrey Archbishop of Westminster , and thus the ranking prelate of the Catholic Church in England and Wales , on 3 December 1956. During his installation, Godfrey condemned Communism and professed his mission as bringing England "back to
272-563: Was appointed Titular Archbishop of Cius and first Apostolic Delegate to Great Britain , Gibraltar and Malta . Godfrey, who was the first papal representative to England since the Reformation , received his episcopal consecration on the following 21 December, in the chapel of the English College from Cardinal Raffaele Rossi , OCD , with Archbishop Luigi Traglia and Bishop Ralph Hayes serving as co-consecrators . He
289-678: Was elevated to the cardinalate in 1958. William Godfrey was born in Liverpool to George and Mary Godfrey. His father was a haulage contractor. He leaned towards the priesthood from an early age, never taking any alternative into serious consideration. After studying at Ushaw College , Durham, and the English College, Rome , he was ordained a priest on 28 October 1916 in Rome. He then finished his studies in 1918, obtaining his doctorates in theology and philosophy in 1917, and did pastoral work in Liverpool until 1919. He taught Classics , Philosophy and Theology at Ushaw from 1918 to 1930,
#965034