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80-842: Forum Communications Company is an American multimedia and technology company headquartered in Fargo, North Dakota . With multiple online and print news brands throughout Minnesota , North Dakota , South Dakota and Wisconsin , Forum Communications offers local news in a variety of digital and broadcast mediums in addition to various niche media brands covering specialty interests. The company also owns four television stations in North Dakota, all affiliated with ABC , and an independent television station and NBC affiliate in South Dakota. Additional offerings are commercial printing services and business services. William "Bill" Marcil, Sr.

160-546: A 14-point lead in Eastern North Dakota even though the state as a whole soundly elected Republican Kevin Cramer . The Fargo Public Schools system serves most of the city, operating fifteen elementary schools, three middle schools, and four high schools: Fargo North High School , Fargo South High School , Davies High School , and an Dakota High School (an alternative high school). The original high school in

240-407: A channel. Sediments from the crevasse spread out as delta -shaped deposits with numerous distributary channels. Crevasse formation is most common in sections of rivers where the river bed is accumulating sediments ( aggrading ). Repeated flooding eventually builds up an alluvial ridge, whose natural levees and abandoned meander loops may stand well above most of the floodplain. The alluvial ridge

320-428: A female householder with no husband present, 3.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 50.7% were non-families. 36.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.15 and the average family size was 2.87. The median age in the city was 30.2 years. 19.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 19.6% were between

400-851: A flat geographic region known as the Red River Valley . The Red River Valley resulted from the withdrawal of glacial Lake Agassiz , which drained away about 9,300 years ago. The lake sediments deposited from Lake Agassiz made the land around Fargo some of the richest in the world for agricultural uses. Seasonal floods due to the rising water of the Red River, which flows from the United States into Lake Winnipeg in Manitoba, Canada, have presented challenges. The Red flows northward, which means melting snow and river ice, as well as runoff from its tributaries, often create ice dams causing

480-554: A flood-prone property to qualify for government-subsidized insurance, a local community must adopt an ordinance that protects the floodway and requires that new residential structures built in Special Flood Hazard Areas be elevated to at least the level of the 100-year flood. Commercial structures can be elevated or floodproofed to or above this level. In some areas without detailed study information, structures may be required to be elevated to at least two feet above

560-445: A floodplain. The quantity of sediments in a floodplain greatly exceeds the river load of sediments. Thus, floodplains are an important storage site for sediments during their transport from where they are generated to their ultimate depositional environment. When the rate at which the river is cutting downwards becomes great enough that overbank flows become infrequent, the river is said to have abandoned its floodplain. Portions of

640-618: A median household income of $ 64,432. Approximately 13.3% of the city's population lives at or below the poverty line . Fargo has an estimated 74.5% employment rate, with 42.4% of the population holding a bachelor's degree or higher and 95.0% holding a high school diploma. The top nine reported ancestries (people were allowed to report up to two ancestries, thus the figures will generally add to more than 100%) were German (33.2%), Norwegian (22.6%), Irish (8.5%), English (5.1%), Subsaharan African (5.1%), French (except Basque) (3.5%), Italian (1.9%), Polish (1.8%), and Scottish (0.9%). The median age in

720-500: A minimum at or below the freezing mark are September 30 and May 8, respectively, allowing a growing season of 144 days. In 2011, Fargo won The Weather Channel 's "America's Toughest Weather City" poll. After almost 850,000 votes, blizzards, cold, and floods secured the title for the city. As of the 2022 American Community Survey , there are 56,890 estimated households in Fargo with an average of 2.14 persons per household. The city has

800-508: A regional technology and healthcare hub, as a result of Microsoft and Sanford Health both building regional campuses in the city center. Since the late 1990s, the Fargo-Moorhead Metropolitan Statistical Area has consistently had one of the lowest unemployment rates among MSAs in the United States. On July 14, 2023, 37-year-old Mohamad Barakat opened fire on a group of police officers in

880-526: A three-day flood of the Meuse and Rhine Rivers in 1993 found average sedimentation rates in the floodplain of between 0.57 and 1.0 kg/m . Higher rates were found on the levees (4 kg/m or more) and on low-lying areas (1.6 kg/m ). Sedimentation from the overbank flow is concentrated on natural levees, crevasse splays , and in wetlands and shallow lakes of flood basins. Natural levees are ridges along river banks that form from rapid deposition from

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960-543: A water system. More than 246 new buildings were built within one year. There were several rumors concerning the cause of the fire. The North Dakota Agricultural College was founded in 1890 as North Dakota 's land-grant university , becoming first accredited by the North Central Association in 1915. In 1960, NDAC became known as North Dakota State University . Early in the century, the automobile industry flourished, and in 1905, Fargo became home to

1040-404: Is North Dakota’s largest free outdoor gathering. The Fargo Public Library was established in 1900 and for many years was housed in a Carnegie-funded building. In 1968, the library moved into a new facility as part of urban renewal efforts in the downtown area. The original 1968 building was demolished and replaced with a new library which opened in 2009. In addition, Fargo Public Library operates

1120-546: Is a problem in freshwater systems. Much of the phosphorus in freshwater systems comes from municipal wastewater treatment plants and agricultural runoff. Stream connectivity controls whether phosphorus cycling is mediated by floodplain sediments or by external processes. Under conditions of stream connectivity, phosphorus is better able to be cycled, and sediments and nutrients are more readily retained. Water in freshwater streams ends up in either short-term storage in plants or algae or long-term in sediments. Wet/dry cycling within

1200-598: Is a tradition that began in 1928. Plains Art Museum is the largest museum of art in the state. It is in downtown Fargo and features regional and national exhibits. It also houses a large permanent collection of art. There are several other museums in Fargo including: The Fargo Air Museum , The Courthouse Museum, The Roger Maris Museum in West Acres Shopping Center , and the North Dakota State University Wall of Fame in

1280-406: Is advantageous for the rapid colonization of large areas of the floodplain. This allows them to take advantage of shifting floodplain geometry. For example, floodplain trees are fast-growing and tolerant of root disturbance. Opportunists (such as birds) are attracted to the rich food supply provided by the flood pulse. Floodplain ecosystems have distinct biozones. In Europe, as one moves away from

1360-498: Is any area subject to inundation by a 100-year flood. A problem is that any alteration of the watershed upstream of the point in question can potentially affect the ability of the watershed to handle water, and thus potentially affects the levels of the periodic floods. A large shopping center and parking lot, for example, may raise the levels of 5-year, 100-year, and other floods, but the maps are rarely adjusted and are frequently rendered obsolete by subsequent development. In order for

1440-424: Is concentrated in the warmer months. Record temperatures have ranged from −48 °F (−44 °C) on January 8, 1887, to 114 °F (46 °C) on July 6, 1936 ; the record coldest daily maximum is −29 °F (−34 °C) on January 22, 1936 , while, conversely, the record warmest daily minimum was 82 °F (28 °C), set four days after the all-time record high. On average, the first and last dates to see

1520-686: Is currently owned and operated by the Marcil-Black family. Today, Forum offers multiple newspaper and multimedia journalism brands across four states in the upper Midwest along with several commercial printing facilities, TV broadcasting and business services. On January 3, 2021, Forum announced it had sold RiverTown Multimedia to O’Rourke Media Group. The sale included the Red Wing Republican Eagle and (Hudson) Star-Observer. RiverTown previously published six other papers, but closed or merged them. On November 23, 2022, it

1600-521: Is land and 0.001 square miles (0.00 km ) is water. Because of its location in the Great Plains and its distance from both mountains and oceans, Fargo has an extreme humid continental climate ( Köppen Dfb , bordering on Dwb ), featuring long, bitterly cold winters and warm to hot, humid summers. It lies in USDA Plant hardiness zone 4a. The city features winters among the coldest in

1680-565: Is largely a result of flood control, hydroelectric development (such as reservoirs), and conversion of floodplains to agriculture use. Transportation and waste disposal also have detrimental effects. The result is the fragmentation of these ecosystems, resulting in loss of populations and diversity and endangering the remaining fragments of the ecosystem. Flood control creates a sharper boundary between water and land than in undisturbed floodplains, reducing physical diversity. Floodplain forests protect waterways from erosion and pollution and reduce

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1760-460: Is the current chairman of the board for Forum Communications Company, who is married to the great-granddaughter of the founder, Norman B. Black. Daily operations are overseen by William "Bill" Marcil, Jr. as the president and chief executive officer of Forum Communications Company as well as the publisher of The Forum of Fargo-Moorhead . Forum Communications Company began publishing its flagship newspaper The Forum of Fargo-Moorhead in 1878 and

1840-708: Is topped by a channel belt formed by successive generations of channel migration and meander cutoff. At much longer intervals, the river may abandon the channel belt and build a new one at another position on the floodplain. This process is called avulsion and occurs at intervals of 10–1000 years. Historical avulsions leading to catastrophic flooding include the 1855 Yellow River flood and the 2008 Kosi River flood . Floodplains can form around rivers of any kind or size. Even relatively straight stretches of river are capable of producing floodplains. Mid-channel bars in braided rivers migrate downstream through processes resembling those in point bars of meandering rivers and can build up

1920-479: The Fargo Scheels . The Children's Museum at Yunker Farm closed in 2021 after being open for 30 years, but the rest of the property is still open to the public and is in the process of being revitalized. The annual Downtown Fargo Street Fair , a vibrant celebration that brings together an array of arts, crafts, and culinary experiences, contributes significantly to the city's cultural richness. This event

2000-563: The Kosi River of India. Overbank flow takes place when the river is flooded with more water than can be accommodated by the river channel. Flow over the banks of the river deposits a thin veneer of sediments that is coarsest and thickest close to the channel. This is described as vertical accretion , since the deposits build upwards. In undisturbed river systems, overbank flow is frequent, typically occurring every one to two years, regardless of climate or topography. Sedimentation rates for

2080-463: The Nile and Mississippi river basins , heavily exploit floodplains. Agricultural and urban regions have developed near or on floodplains to take advantage of the rich soil and freshwater. However, the risk of inundation has led to increasing efforts to control flooding . Most floodplains are formed by deposition on the inside of river meanders and by overbank flow. Wherever the river meanders,

2160-618: The Pence Automobile Company , a company that at one time distributed 29% of all Buicks . In addition, Fargo also hosted a regional Ford assembly plant, which by 1917 was assembling some 70 cars per day. The plant would remain in operation until 1956. On Labor Day in 1910, Theodore Roosevelt visited Fargo to lay the cornerstone of the college's new library. To a crowd of 30,000, Roosevelt spoke about his first visit to Fargo 27 years earlier, and credited his experience homesteading in North Dakota for his eventual rise to

2240-557: The Yellow River in China – see list of deadliest floods . The worst of these, and the worst natural disaster (excluding famine and epidemics), was the 1931 China floods , estimated to have killed millions. This had been preceded by the 1887 Yellow River flood , which killed around one million people and is the second-worst natural disaster in history. The extent of floodplain inundation depends partly on flood magnitude, defined by

2320-684: The return period . In the United States, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) manages the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). The NFIP offers insurance to properties located within a flood-prone area, as defined by the Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM), which depicts various flood risks for a community. The FIRM typically focuses on the delineation of the 100-year flood inundation area, also known within

2400-401: The 2000 the median income for a household in the city was $ 35,510, and the median income for a family was $ 50,486. Males had a median income of $ 31,968 versus $ 22,264 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 21,101. About 6.6% of families and 11.8% of the population were below the poverty line , including 10.8% of those under age 18 and 7.5% of those age 65 or over. The economy of

2480-772: The Dr. James Carlson Library in south Fargo, and the Northport branch in north Fargo. In 2002 and 2006, the Southpointe and Northport Branches were opened serving the city's south and north sides. The Dr. James Carlson Library, which replaced the earlier Southpointe Branch, opened to the public on November 16, 2007. A new downtown Main Library opened April 25, 2009. The Fargo Public Library is headquartered in downtown Fargo. In 2014, over 1 million items were checked out from Fargo Public Library. Books and magazines made up nearly half of

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2560-494: The Fargo area has historically been dependent on agriculture. That dominance has decreased substantially in recent decades. Today the city of Fargo has a growing economy based on food processing, manufacturing, technology, retail trade, higher education, and healthcare. According to the City's 2022 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, the largest employers in the city are: Most theater and events are either promoted or produced by

2640-501: The Forum Communications news network: YTA TV Fargo, North Dakota Fargo is the most populous city in the U.S. state of North Dakota and the county seat of Cass County . The population was 125,990 at the 2020 census , which was estimated to have grown to 133,188 in 2023, making it the 218th-most populous city in the United States. Fargo, along with its twin city of Moorhead, Minnesota , form

2720-560: The NFIP as the Special Flood Hazard Area. Where a detailed study of a waterway has been done, the 100-year floodplain will also include the floodway, the critical portion of the floodplain which includes the stream channel and any adjacent areas that must be kept free of encroachments that might block flood flows or restrict storage of flood waters. Another commonly encountered term is the Special Flood Hazard Area, which

2800-545: The Prairie" and the other "Fargo in the Timber". "Fargo on the Prairie" was known for being well run by Northern Pacific engineers, while "Fargo in the Timber" remained mostly lawless and full of apparently "desperate and reckless characters", according to The Forum of Fargo-Moorhead . Eventually, "Fargo in the Timber" would see its demise after a crackdown by federal authorities, and the modern Fargo would develop out of "Fargo on

2880-615: The Prairie". The area started to flourish after the arrival of the Northern Pacific Railroad and the city became known as the "Gateway to the West." During the 1880s, Fargo became the "divorce capital" of the Midwest because of lenient divorce laws. A major fire struck the city on June 7, 1893, destroying 31 blocks of downtown Fargo, but the city was immediately rebuilt with new buildings made of brick, new streets, and

2960-569: The Red River Valley. Fargo uses the city commission style of local government. Four commissioners and a mayor are elected via approval voting . Fargo became the first city in the U.S. to use approval voting for elections in 2018. The Fargo City Commission meets every two weeks in its chambers above the Fargo Civic Center . The meetings are broadcast on a Government-access television (GATV) cable channel. In 2017, there

3040-568: The Red to rise to 37 feet (which ranks among the top-ten highest levels ever recorded). The estimated $ 1.5 billion FM diversion project is under construction and will channel the Red's water away from the city. As of 2012, Fargo has bought 700 houses in flood-prone areas. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 50.835 square miles (131.66 km ), of which 50.834 square miles (131.66 km )

3120-408: The Red to rise to a new record level of 40.84 feet, but again Fargo remained safe, in large part due to flood mitigation efforts instituted after the 1997 event and sandbagging efforts by the city residents. Further upgrades were made to city infrastructure and additional resources brought to bear following the 2009 flood, which caused no issues for the city in 2010 despite another rapid melt that caused

3200-400: The abandoned floodplain may be preserved as fluvial terraces . Floodplains support diverse and productive ecosystems . They are characterized by considerable variability in space and time, which in turn produces some of the most species-rich of ecosystems. From the ecological perspective, the most distinctive aspect of floodplains is the flood pulse associated with annual floods, and so

3280-511: The advantages provided by the richness of the alluvial soil of the floodplain are severely offset by frequent floods brought on by cyclones and annual monsoon rains. These extreme weather events cause severe economic disruption and loss of human life in the densely-populated region. Floodplain soil composition is unique and varies widely based on microtopography. Floodplain forests have high topographic heterogeneity which creates variation in localized hydrologic conditions. Soil moisture within

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3360-417: The ages of 18 and 24; 29% were from 25 to 44; 21.7% were from 45 to 64, and 10.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.4% male and 49.6% female. The median household income was $ 44,304, and the median income for a family was $ 69,401, with the mean family income being $ 89,110. The per capita income for Fargo was $ 29,187. About 16.0% of the population and 7.7% of families were below

3440-481: The area that is present-day Fargo was an early stopping point for steamboats traversing the Red River during the 1870s and 1880s. The city was originally named "Centralia", but was later renamed "Fargo" after Northern Pacific Railway director and Wells Fargo Express Company founder William Fargo (1818–1881). During the initial settlement of Fargo, there developed two cities: one (unofficially) called "Fargo on

3520-579: The city vulnerable to flooding during seasons with above-average precipitation. The Red River's minor flood stage in Fargo begins at a level of 18 feet, with major flooding categorized at 30 feet and above. Many major downtown roadways and access to Moorhead are closed off at this level. Record snowfalls late in 1996 led to flooding in 1997, causing the Red to rise to a record crest of 39.5 feet, nearly overtaking city defenses. In 2008–2009, significant fall precipitation coupled with rapid snowmelt in March 2009 caused

3600-493: The city was Central High School . The West Fargo Public Schools system serves the southwestern part of the city, in addition to West Fargo itself and the surrounding communities of Horace and Harwood . Floodplain Because of regular flooding, floodplains frequently have high soil-fertility since nutrients are deposited with the flood waters. This can encourage farming ; some important agricultural regions, such as

3680-570: The city was 31.5 years. As of the 2020 census , there were 125,990 people, 56,116 households, and 27,239 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,529.7 inhabitants per square mile (976.7/km ). There were 61,541 housing units at an average density of 1,235.7 per square mile (477.1/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 78.93% White , 8.76% African American , 1.60% Native American , 4.11% Asian , 0.07% Pacific Islander , 1.20% from some other races and 5.34% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 3.71% of

3760-403: The city was 90.20% White , 2.70% African American , 1.38% Native American , 2.97% Asian , 0.04% Pacific Islander , 0.62% from some other races and 2.09% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 2.19% of the population. There were 46,791 households, of which 24.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.8% were married couples living together, 8.6% had

3840-522: The city who were responding to an unrelated traffic accident. One officer was killed and two others were injured before Barakat was killed by one of the officers at the scene. Fargo is a core city of the Fargo-Moorhead, ND–MN Combined Statistical Area , which also includes Moorhead, West Fargo, and Dilworth and outlying communities. Fargo sits on the western bank of the Red River of the North in

3920-456: The city's core. NDSU has grown rapidly into a major research university and forms a major component of the city's identity and economy. Most students live off-campus in the surrounding Roosevelt neighborhood. The university has established a presence downtown through both academic buildings and apartment housing. In addition, NDSU Bison Football has gained a significant following among many area residents. In recent years, Fargo has also become

4000-578: The contiguous United States; the coldest month of January has a normal mean temperature of 9.2 °F (−12.7 °C). There is an annual average of 43 days with a minimum of 0 °F (−18 °C) or lower. Snowfall averages 51.4 inches (131 cm) per season. Spring and autumn are short and highly variable seasons. Summers have frequent thunderstorms, and the warmest month, July, has a normal mean temperature of 70.7 °F (21.5 °C); highs reach 90 °F (32 °C) on an average of 12.7 days each year. Annual precipitation of 24.0 inches (610 mm)

4080-480: The core of the Fargo–Moorhead metropolitan statistical area , which had a population of 248,591 in 2020. Fargo was founded in 1871 on the Red River of the North floodplain . It is a cultural, retail, health care, educational, and industrial center for southeastern North Dakota and northwestern Minnesota. North Dakota State University is located in the city. Historically part of Sioux ( Dakota ) territory,

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4160-515: The direction of the meander without changing significantly in width. The point bar is built up to a level very close to that of the river banks. Significant net erosion of sediments occurs only when the meander cuts into higher ground. The overall effect is that, as the river meanders, it creates a level flood plain composed mostly of point bar deposits. The rate at which the channel shifts varies greatly, with reported rates ranging from too slow to measure to as much as 2,400 feet (730 m) per year for

4240-574: The first time since its 2012 departure from The CW . On January 1, 2024, KSFL-TV dropped Ion and became an independent station . On August 14, 2024, it was announced that NBC / MyNetworkTV affiliates KNBN and KWBH-LD , both of Rapid City, South Dakota , would be sold by Jim Simpson (Rapid Broadcasting Company) to Forum, bringing those stations and KSFL-TV back under common ownership. The following print and digital newspapers in Minnesota , Wisconsin , South Dakota , and North Dakota are part of

4320-448: The floodplain ecosystem is defined as the part of the river valley that is regularly flooded and dried. Floods bring in detrital material rich in nutrients and release nutrients from dry soil as it is flooded. The decomposition of terrestrial plants submerged by the floodwaters adds to the nutrient supply. The flooded littoral zone of the river (the zone closest to the river bank) provides an ideal environment for many aquatic species, so

4400-462: The floodplain has a big impact on phosphorus availability because it alters water level, redox state, pH, and physical properties of minerals. Dry soils that were previously inundated have reduced availability of phosphorus and increased affinity for obtaining phosphorus. Human floodplain alterations also impact the phosphorus cycle. Particulate phosphorus and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) can contribute to algal blooms and toxicity in waterways when

4480-599: The floodplain. Other smaller-scale mitigation efforts include acquiring and demolishing flood-prone buildings or flood-proofing them. In some floodplains, such as the Inner Niger Delta of Mali , annual flooding events are a natural part of the local ecology and rural economy , allowing for the raising of crops through recessional agriculture . However, in Bangladesh , which occupies the Ganges Delta ,

4560-404: The flowing water erodes the river bank on the outside of the meander. At the same time, sediments are simultaneously deposited in a bar on the inside of the meander. This is described as lateral accretion since the deposition builds the point bar laterally into the river channel. Erosion on the outside of the meander usually closely balances deposition on the inside so that the channel shifts in

4640-465: The impact of floodwaters. The disturbance by humans of temperate floodplain ecosystems frustrates attempts to understand their natural behavior. Tropical rivers are less impacted by humans and provide models for temperate floodplain ecosystems, which are thought to share many of their ecological attributes. Excluding famines and epidemics , some of the worst natural disasters in history (measured by fatalities) have been river floods, particularly in

4720-617: The makeup towards ash (49%) with maple increasing to 14% and oak decreasing to 25%. Semiarid floodplains have a much lower species diversity. Species are adapted to alternating drought and flood. Extreme drying can destroy the ability of the floodplain ecosystem to shift to a healthy wet phase when flooded. Floodplain forests constituted 1% of the landscape of Europe in the 1800s. Much of this has been cleared by human activity, though floodplain forests have been impacted less than other kinds of forests. This makes them important refugia for biodiversity. Human destruction of floodplain ecosystems

4800-407: The new Osgood Golf Course (9-hole). In the winter Edgewood serves as a warming house and also provides cross country skis. Rose Creek and Osgood golf courses offer golfing lessons in the summer months. Fargo also has a skate park near dike west and Island park. Fargo and sister city Moorhead also hold ferry rides during the summer, on the historic Red River, to promote education of the fertile soil of

4880-762: The nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratios are altered farther upstream. In areas where the phosphorus load is primarily particulate phosphorus, like the Mississippi River, the most effective ways of removing phosphorus upstream are sedimentation, soil accretion, and burial. In basins where SRP is the primary form of phosphorus, biological uptake in floodplain forests is the best way of removing nutrients. Phosphorus can transform between SRP and particulate phosphorus depending on ambient conditions or processes like decomposition, biological uptake, redoximorphic release, and sedimentation and accretion. In either phosphorus form, floodplain forests are beneficial as phosphorus sinks, and

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4960-442: The overbank flow. Most of the suspended sand is deposited on the levees, leaving the silt and clay sediments to be deposited as floodplain mud further from the river. Levees are typically built up enough to be relatively well-drained compared with nearby wetlands, and levees in non-arid climates are often heavily vegetated. Crevasses are formed by breakout events from the main river channel. The river bank fails, and floodwaters scour

5040-509: The population. The top seven ancestry groups in the city are German (40.6%), Norwegian (35.8%), Irish (8.6%), Swedish (6.5%), English (5.2%), French (4.7%), and Italian (3.6%). There were 39,268 households, of which 26.5% had children under the age of 18 living in them, 41.8% were married couples living together, 7.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 47.2% were non-families. 34.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.0% had someone living alone who

5120-426: The population. 19.4% of residents were under the age of 18, 5.9% were under 5 years of age, and 13.2% were 65 and older. As of the 2010 census , there were 105,549 people, 46,791 households, and 23,075 families living in the city. The population density was 2,162.0 inhabitants per square mile (834.8/km ). There were 49,956 housing units at an average density of 1,023.3 per square mile (395.1/km ). The racial makeup of

5200-572: The poverty line. As of the 2000 census , there were 90,599 people, 39,268 households, and 20,724 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,388.2 inhabitants per square mile (922.1/km ). There were 41,200 housing units at an average density of 1,086.0 inhabitants per square mile (419.3/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 94.17% White , 1.02% African American , 1.24% Native American , 1.64% Asian , 0.04% Pacific Islander , 0.44% from some other races and 1.45% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 1.29% of

5280-523: The presidency. Fargo-Moorhead boomed after World War II , and the city grew rapidly. In 1957, it experienced the 1957 Fargo tornado that destroyed a large part of the north end of the city. Ted Fujita , famous for his Fujita tornado scale , analyzed pictures of the Fargo tornado, helping him develop his ideas for "wall cloud" and "tail cloud." These were the first major scientific descriptive terms associated with tornadoes. The construction of two interstates ( I-29 and I-94 ) revolutionized travel in

5360-413: The region and pushed growth of Fargo to the south and west of the city limits. In 1972, the West Acres Shopping Center , the largest shopping mall in North Dakota, was constructed near the intersection of the two Interstates. This mall became a catalyst for retail growth in the area. Fargo has continued to expand rapidly but steadily. Since the mid-1980s, the bulk of new residential growth has occurred in

5440-511: The review process, and Commissioner Piepkorn threatened to obtain the list of signers via FOIA request , which was interpreted as a political threat by the group. Fargo was historically a Republican-leaning area. As recently as the 2004 presidential election, George W. Bush carried Fargo as well as the rest of Cass County with nearly 60 percent of the vote in both areas. Fargo has become more politically diverse and competitive. Since 2008, no Republican presidential candidate has received over 50% of

5520-499: The river to overflow. Fargo's surrounding Red River Valley terrain is essentially flat, leading to overland flooding. Since the potentially devastating 2009 Red River flood , both Fargo and Moorhead have taken great strides in flood protection; only a near-record flood would cause concern today. Work on the FM Diversion has begun and upon completion, it will permanently floodproof the metro for 500-year floods. Its location makes

5600-511: The river, the successive plant communities are bank vegetation (usually annuals); sedge and reeds; willow shrubs; willow-poplar forest; oak-ash forest; and broadleaf forest. Human disturbance creates wet meadows that replace much of the original ecosystem. The biozones reflect a soil moisture and oxygen gradient that in turn corresponds to a flooding frequency gradient. The primeval floodplain forests of Europe were dominated by oak (60%) elm (20%) and hornbeam (13%), but human disturbance has shifted

5680-638: The south and southwest zones of the area (for example in West Fargo ) due to geographic constraints on the north side. The city's major retail districts on the southwest side have likewise seen rapid development. Downtown Fargo has been gentrified due in part to investments by the city and private developers in the Renaissance Zone. Most older neighborhoods, such as Horace Mann, have either avoided decline or been revitalized through housing rehabilitation promoted by planning agencies to strengthen

5760-408: The spawning season for fish often coincides with the onset of flooding. Fish must grow quickly during the flood to survive the subsequent drop in water level. As the floodwaters recede, the littoral experiences blooms of microorganisms, while the banks of the river dry out and terrestrial plants germinate to stabilize the bank. The biota of floodplains has high annual growth and mortality rates, which

5840-459: The surrounding grade. Many State and local governments have, in addition, adopted floodplain construction regulations which are more restrictive than those mandated by the NFIP. The US government also sponsors flood hazard mitigation efforts to reduce flood impacts. California 's Hazard Mitigation Program is one funding source for mitigation projects. A number of whole towns such as English, Indiana , have been completely relocated to remove them from

5920-455: The total and digital media and other non-print items made up more than a third. The rest were inter-library loans and renewals. The tallest buildings in Fargo include: The Fargo Park District operates many neighborhood parks throughout the city. The Fargo area contains the following golf courses: Edgewood Golf Course (18-hole), Fargo Country Club (18-hole) Rose Creek Golf Course (18-hole), El Zagal (9-hole), Prairiewood Golf Course (9-hole), and

6000-982: The universities, although there are several private theater companies in the city including Fargo-Moorhead Community Theatre (FMCT) and others. Music organizations in the area include the Fargo-Moorhead Opera , the Fargo-Moorhead Symphony Orchestra , and the Fargo-Moorhead Youth Symphony. Fargo also boasts a dance company in the Fargo-Moorhead Ballet. The Fargo Theatre is a restored 1926 Art Deco movie house that features first-run movies, film festivals, and other community events. The Fargodome routinely hosts concerts, Broadway musicals , dance performances, sporting events, as well as fairs and other gatherings. The Winter Carnival in Fargo

6080-672: The upper 30 cm of the soil profile also varies widely based on microtopography which affects oxygen availability. Floodplain soil stays aerated for long stretches of time in between flooding events, but during flooding, saturated soil can become oxygen-depleted if it stands stagnant for long enough. More soil oxygen is available at higher elevations farther from the river. Floodplain forests generally experience alternating periods of aerobic and anaerobic soil microbe activity which affects fine root development and desiccation. Floodplains have high buffering capacity for phosphorus to prevent nutrient loss to river outputs. Phosphorus nutrient loading

6160-594: The vote in Cass County. In 2008, Democratic candidate Barack Obama won the majority of votes in Cass County, with a voting percentage very close to the percentage Obama received in the entire nation, while John McCain won the majority of votes in North Dakota. Mitt Romney's winning margin in 2012 over Barack Obama in Cass County was 49.9% to 47% while Donald Trump received 49.3% of votes in 2016 compared to 38.8% against Hillary Clinton and 11.9% for third party candidates. In 2018, Democratic Senator Heidi Heitkamp achieved

6240-432: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.20 and the average family size was 2.91. In the city the population was spread out with 21.1% under the age of 18, 19.2% from 18 to 24, 31.1% from 25 to 44, 18.5% from 45 to 64, and 10.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.3 males. As of

6320-422: Was an attempt to recall City Commissioner Dave Piepkorn by a group who argued his constant expressing of concern over refugee resettlement in the city was a xenophobic dog-whistle meant to rile up anti-refugee sentiment in the community. While the group says it did reach the required number of signatures, it ultimately chose not to submit them because they did not know how many signatures would be eliminated in

6400-522: Was reported that Forum would purchase Sioux Falls, South Dakota YTA TV affiliate KWSD and sister station KCWS-LD from Jim Simpson, for $ 1.4 million; the sale was completed on February 21, 2023. Forum intends to create a third television news operation in the Sioux Falls market. On February 24, 2023, KWSD changed its call sign to KSFL-TV ; several weeks later, it switched its affiliation to Ion Television and upgraded to high-definition operations for

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