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32-445: The now extinct Maya ethnic group once inhabited Fatagar. In the 1560's Fatagar operated by alternating between two Centres: Dembiya and Oda Nabi. Fatagar separated Ifat from Shewa and was south of the kingdom of Lasta bounded by the region of Endagabatan in the north west. It is also described as having been located in eastern Ethiopia, where several kingdoms, such as Ifat, Mora, Dawaro , Hadiya and Bale , also existed. The area

64-524: A horse , showing pomp and splendour, but that humble ass instead." That is something truly notable and all the more worthy of consideration since the one who did that had less knowledge of God. When the celebrations ended, the great men asked Nur to release them from the oath that he had imposed on them not to drink wine, since the war was now over. But he refused outright to do so; instead, he obliged them to swear again, saying, "You will not drink any wine for three years, in acknowledgment of what I owe God for

96-519: A death blow. It was mentioned in the' chronicle, that he was surrounded by about twenty horsemen who pierced his loin with a lance Paez later mentions that the Adalites took many riches and captives and when they were about to celebrate their victory. He wrote that Nur replied to them that he had not achieved that victory through his own strength, but that God, no less, had given it to him. Therefore, in recognition of this, he said, "I will not ride

128-629: A notable victory over the Christian forces at a location known as Bakha. According to Arsi-Hadiyya tradition, Nur is said to have established his headquarters at Mogo in the south of Shewa chasing the Christian military forces reaching as far as Kaffa . During this westward expansion, the Semitic-speaking Hadiyya people from the Webi Shabelle River area composed a significant proportion of Nur's forces, alongside

160-757: A rumour that the King slept with Queen Eleni of Abyssinia . With this Amdu was furious and led an army from Wej to Fetegar, and also campaigned against the Maya. Amdu invaded Fetegar and several other kingdoms, decisively defeating the Moslims; however, in his campaign, the Abyssinian king Eskender came to the support of the Muslims. Eskender captured Amdu and killed him. Amdu's nephew Welde Sulis succeeded Amdu; when he met Eskender he swore an oath not to spare him. After

192-453: A space between him and Nur a distance of a riflescope. On Maundy Thursday 1559, at six o’clock during the day, a battle took place between Gälawdewos and Nur. The battle was so fierce on that day, the smoke of the fire of the fighting covered the sun, as thick as fog. According to a Harari chronicle, early in the battle Galawdéwos was shot with a hot bullet, but continued struggling until encircled by numerous Harari cavalry, which gave him

224-470: A spear. Adalite chroniclers mentioned that they had seen the decapitated head with their own two eyes. Bruce says that Bati del Wambara had his head tied by its hair on a tree's branch near her door which remained there for 3 years. The chroniclers later mentioned that he devastated the Abyssinian countries. Jeronimo Lobo also stated that Nur had laid waste to all the country and penetrated into

256-565: A threat so he sent Hamalmal, Governor of Kambata , and Ras Fasil to destroy Harar. What he did not know was that Nur was campaigning in Kaffa. The two Governors sacked Harar. After finding out that Nur had marched to Fatagar, Gelawdewos led his Arm to Nech Sar. The two armied met on March 23, 1559, at the Battle of Fatagar , and it is said that a Harari rifleman shot the monarch, but he kept on fighting. A group of Harari cavalry then attacked him and he

288-651: Is now part of modern Shewa southeast of Addis Ababa. Fatagar was founded during the arrival of Islam in Eastern Ethiopia in the early 10th century, along with other confederates of Zeila such as Adal , Ifat , Shewa , Mora and Dawaro . It was a large province and one of Ifat's strongest allies; the latter used it as leverage against the rest of Ethiopia, since in order to get to Ifat, the Ethiopian Empire had to go through several other kingdoms, including Fatagar. Ifat sent governors and advisors to

320-761: The Hadiyans . According to sixteenth century Adalite writer Arab Faqih and others, the Mayan territory was situated southerly of the Awash River in Adal and extended west towards Mount Zuqualla in Abyssinia. To strengthen the imperial presence in the area, Zara Yaqob established a military colony consisting of Maya warriors from the south of his realm in the Medri Bahri . Maya archers initially formed

352-506: The Harari , Harala , and Somali tribes who traditionally dominated the Adal army. The Welbarag would migrate to the region at Mount Duro south-east of Lake Langano while some of the Silt'e flocked to Munesa . These groups later decide to settle permanently in this land. Emir Nur would endorse these military colonists to settle in the newly conquered territories as it would help expand

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384-836: The Ogaden remained in Arsi territory, identifiable by their ethnic origins, such as the Habr Yonis and Garjeeda clans. The Habr Yonis , originated from Hirna in the Chercher region, migrated westward during Nur's reign and settled east of Lake Zway, in areas suitable for livestock breeding whilst the Gajeeda clan spread among the Ittuu and Arsi. The Habarnoosa claim descent from the Habr Yonis Another troop of Nur's army reached

416-405: The Christian land, it left the political scene uncertain and fluid. After this battle, this force was never able to regain its full strength and failed to win back an inch of land lost before 1559 to the pastoral Oromo ." The de facto leader of Adal Bati del Wambara and widow of Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi had stipulated to Nur that she would solely marry him, if he were to cause the death of

448-626: The Ethiopian Govorner Fanu’el decisively defeated Nur in the year 1550. However, the war did not end there. Ras Fanu’el campaigned further into Muslim territory and pushed the Harari Army back to Adal. The Ethiopian Govorner raided Muslim territories and took many goods. Nur took a lot of damage in his first campaign; it took him nine years to recover, but he then got together an army of 1800 horsemen and 500 riflemen and numerous sword and bow men, and invaded Fatagar. Gelawdewos saw Nur as

480-511: The Oromo had also taken Maya. Sarsa Dengel was able to defeat the Oromo forcing them to flee towards Fatagar . By the end of the 16th century the Mayas were overrun by the attacking Oromos who had equipped themselves with big stiff oxhide shields as a special protection from against arrows. Before they totally disappeared from the historical scene, either by physical extermination or assimilation into

512-545: The Oromos. They were for the last time documented as auxiliaries for the Ethiopian Emperor Susenyos I . Malik Ambar (1548 – 1626) was born as a Maya under the birth name Chapu. This article about an Ethiopian ethnicity is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Battle of Fatagar The Battle of Fatagar (alternatively known as Nech Sar ) was a reprisal conflict between

544-542: The area of Islamic control westward towards the Christian heartlands. The remainders of the previous Christian population who had only survived the Ethiopian-Adal conflict, were not able to withstand these Hadiya conquerors. The troops that were recruited from the eastern Horn of Africa for the conquest such as Somali soldiers, sometimes remained in the newly conquered western territories, like Hadiya , Sharkha , and Bale . The legacy of these people from

576-510: The centre of Abyssinia . Many of his conquerors would execute the male inhabitants of these regions while sparing the women subsequently assimilating them. Emir Nur spent a considerable period at Chercher , engaging in battles against the Amhara near Burka, close to modern-day Asba Tafari. He drove the Amhara south to Biyyoo Arabaa, scattering their troops. Additionally, the Muslims secured

608-563: The core of the southern armies of Abyssinian Emperor Lebna Dengel in the Ethiopian–Adal War against the forces of the Adal Sultanate . However, after the fall of their homeland to Ahmed's armies, in true mercenary fashion, the Maya bowmen switched sides. Maya bowmen were armed with spears. They tipped their arrows with ouabain , a poison which caused death by cardiac arrest or respiratory failure. The Maya homeland of Wej

640-772: The death of Amdu, Fatagar served an important role for the Ethiopian Empire. Dawit I and his successors stayed in Fatagar for a long time in Tobya ( Ifat , Fatagar). The kingdom served as the birthplace of the future emperors Zara Yaqob , Eskender . Emperor Na'od would then make Tobya and Zway his capital. Later, in the mid 16th century, Fatagar was invaded by the Imam of Harar , Ahmed Gragn . When he died one of his generals, Garad Abbas, did not follow his orders and invaded Fatagar. He would invade many kingdoms, but his campaign

672-515: The emperor and his men as before, with music and festivities, eating and drinking in excess; he gathered his captains and told them, 'It is now time for us to go against this man, because God has delivered him into our hands". Nur departed from his land straight away with the Malassay including 1,700 cavalry and many foot soldiers. When the emperor heard that he was coming, he went out to encounter him with many cavalry and foot soldiers. However,

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704-512: The emperor of Ethiopia. This achievement was necessary to pave the way for Nur in being acknowledged by the citizens of Harar , and the widow of Ahmed as the leader of Adal. Spanish Jesuit, Pedro Paez wrote that in March 1559, Gelawdewos was in the Kingdom of Oye , where Nur sent spies to see how strong he was and what he was doing, and on their return they said that he had many men and

736-583: The explorer Richard Francis Burton tells a slightly different account, adding that Gelawdewos had been supervising the restoration of Debre Werq when he received a message from Emir Nur challenging him to combat. When the Emperor met the Emir, a priest warned that the angel Gabriel had told him Gelawdewos would needlessly risk his life which caused most of the Ethiopian army to flee. James Bruce declared that

768-494: The letter warned Gelawdewos to be prepared, as he would soon have to confront this threat that although Gragn was dead, there still remained a governor of Zeyla , whose family was chosen as a particular instrument for shedding the blood of the Abyssinian princes. According to Galawdewos' chronicle, Nur invaded Fatagar to confront Gelawdewos and camped in one of the lands in the land of Fatagar. Gelawdewos went towards his camp and after twelve days he pitched his camp, having left

800-417: The previous participants of the Ethiopian–Adal War . It was fought between the forces of the Adal Sultanate led by Nur ibn Mujahid , and the Ethiopian Empire under Emperor Gelawdewos . The Ethiopian Emperor was later killed by Adal forces in this battle. Mohammed Hassen considers this battle a decisive defeat for the Ethiopian Empire. "Not only did Galawdewos' death produce terrible grief throughout

832-467: The remarkable victory that He has given me, because my army had been incomparably smaller than the emperor's." Pankhurst stated the death of Gelawdewos had caused Christian military power in the area to crumble. Nur then severed the monarch's head and despatched it with him triumphantly, to the " Country of Sa'ad ad-Din ". Gelawdewos' head was said to have been displayed in Harar for several weeks on

864-477: The sultanate to lead their Muslim allies. The Abyssinian Emperor Amda Seyon I attacked the Muslim states surrounding his Ethiopian Empire , conquering all of them and making them tributaries in his royal court, with Fatagar falling alongside Ifat, Dawaro, Bale, Wej and many others. One ruler of Fatagar, Ras Azmach Islamo, earned his name by fighting fellow Muslims, among other notable deeds. Another noted ruler

896-592: Was Ras Amdu from the Zway dynasty of Wej; according to one chronicle, his reputation was enough to dissuade the Abyssinians from invading Fatagar. The chronicle records this statement: "Let us also have the protection of the Muslims in order to achieve our aims, and bring them in so that our religion may not be changed. But there is a Garad (Ras) Amdu, and as long as he lives the Muslims are weak and scared." This would lead to them plotting against him and planning to spread

928-461: Was killed. Maya (Ethiopia) The Maya are an extinct ethnic group native to the old Wej province in Ethiopia . The Mayas were a Cushitic-speaking nomadic people, who were feared and dreaded by their neighbors for their use of deadly poisoned arrows. They were primarily pastoralists and their livelihood was with their cattle. According to professor Ulrich Braukämper, Maya were related to

960-455: Was occupying himself in festivities, and that in his court it was all singing and dancing, eating and drinking wine to excess. On hearing this, he called his chief officers and, telling them what was happening, made them swear not to drink wine under any circumstances. and at the same time he exhorted them to fast and to pray, together with the rest of the men, and in this they persevered for a long time. Later he sent his spies again, and they found

992-536: Was one of the first lands to be invaded by the Oromo migrations . The Maya repelled the weight of the Oromo for years due to their skill with the bow, until the Oromo armies changed tactics and used thick oxhide shields and fixed shield formations. In 1574, after finding out the Oromo had conquered the province of Wej , Emperor Sarsa Dengel gathered his forces from throughout Ethiopia to form an army at Gind Beret. From there, Sarsa Dengel headed south, where he found that

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1024-490: Was stopped by the Emperor Gelawdewos . After the death of Garad Abbas, Gelawdewos invaded all of the Muslim provinces and kingdoms except for Harar. Among the kingdoms he conquered were Dawaro, Fatagar, Bali, and Hadiya. The Ethiopian king then focused on the southwestern side of Ethiopia, and there, Nur ibn Mujahid found an opportunity for jihad. Nur invaded Bale and Dawaro. He planned to invade Fatagar next, but

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