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84-469: FWA (Favourite Website Awards) is an international award platform that honors and rewards web designers , developers and agencies around the world for excellence within the field of web design and development . The FWA was founded in May 2000 by Rob Ford. In November 2012, The FWA was the most visited website award program in the history of the internet, with over 170 millions site visits. The FWA jury

168-401: A hard line-break , such as in a poem or an address) and <hr /> (for a thematic break). Other such elements are often place-holders which reference external files, such as the image ( <img /> ) element. The attributes included in the element will then point to the external file in question. Another example of a void element is <link /> , for which

252-485: A 'template' approach where a server-side page resembled the structure of the completed client-side page, and data was inserted into places defined by 'tags'. This was a quicker means of development than coding in a purely procedural coding language such as Perl. Both of these approaches have now been supplanted for many websites by higher-level application-focused tools such as content management systems . These build on top of general-purpose coding platforms and assume that

336-404: A correct DOCTYPE declaration is made, which is used to highlight errors in code. The system identifies the errors and areas that do not conform to web design standards. This information can then be corrected by the user. There are two ways websites are generated: statically or dynamically. A static website stores a unique file for every page of a static website. Each time that page is requested,

420-422: A design may be broken down into units (sidebars, content blocks, embedded advertising areas, navigation areas) that are sent to the browser and which will be fitted into the display window by the browser, as best it can. Although such a display may often change the relative position of major content units, sidebars may be displaced below body text rather than to the side of it. This is a more flexible display than

504-452: A discussion of the minor differences between the two. Since the first version of HTML, several elements have become outmoded, and are deprecated in later standards, or do not appear at all, in which case they are invalid (and will be found invalid, and perhaps not displayed, by validating user agents). In HTML 4.01 / XHTML 1.0 , the status of elements is complicated by the existence of three types of DTD : HTML5 instead provides

588-453: A document, such as its author, publication date, expiration date, language, page title, page description, keywords, or other information not provided through the other header elements and HTML attributes . Because of their generic nature, <meta /> elements specify associative key-value pairs . In general, a meta element conveys hidden information about the document. Several meta tags can be used, all of which should be nested in

672-581: A further ten elements. All of these, plus two others, are invalid in HTML 4.01 Strict . While the frame elements are still current in the sense of being present in the Transitional and Frameset DTDs, there are no plans to preserve them in future standards, as their function has been largely replaced, and they are highly problematic for user accessibility. (Strictly speaking, the most recent XHTML standard, XHTML 1.1 (2001), does not include frames at all; it

756-721: A global hypertext project, which later became known as the World Wide Web . From 1991 to 1993 the World Wide Web was born. Text-only HTML pages could be viewed using a simple line-mode web browser . In 1993 Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina , created the Mosaic browser . At the time there were multiple browsers, however the majority of them were Unix-based and naturally text-heavy. There had been no integrated approach to graphic design elements such as images or sounds . The Mosaic browser broke this mould. The W3C

840-422: A hard-coded grid-based layout that doesn't fit the device window. In particular, the relative position of content blocks may change while leaving the content within the block unaffected. This also minimizes the user's need to horizontally scroll the page. Responsive web design is a newer approach, based on CSS3, and a deeper level of per-device specification within the page's style sheet through an enhanced use of

924-443: A limited precursor to ActionScript , and a timeline, but it enabled web designers to go beyond the point of HTML, animated GIFs and JavaScript . However, because Flash required a plug-in , many web developers avoided using it for fear of limiting their market share due to lack of compatibility. Instead, designers reverted to GIF animations (if they did not forego using motion graphics altogether) and JavaScript for widgets . But

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1008-417: A listing of obsolete features to go along with the standardized normative content. They are broken down into "obsolete but conforming" for which implementation instructions exist and "non-conforming" ones that should be replaced. The first Standard ( HTML 2.0 ) contained four deprecated elements, one of which was invalid in HTML 3.2 . All four are invalid in HTML 4.01 Transitional , which also deprecated

1092-429: A minimalist, lighter, and more simplistic style. The "mobile first" approach emerged as a result, emphasizing the creation of website designs that prioritize mobile-oriented layouts first, before adapting them to larger screen dimensions. Web designers use a variety of different tools depending on what part of the production process they are involved in. These tools are updated over time by newer standards and software but

1176-504: A new but individual standard. While the term HTML5 is only used to refer to the new version of HTML and some of the JavaScript APIs, it has become common to use it to refer to the entire suite of new standards (HTML5, CSS3 and JavaScript). With the advancements in 3G and LTE internet coverage, a significant portion of website traffic shifted to mobile devices. This shift influenced the web design industry, steering it towards

1260-471: A site's homepage was actually the least important page on a website. In 2012 and 2013, carousels (also called 'sliders' and 'rotating banners') have become an extremely popular design element on homepages, often used to showcase featured or recent content in a confined space. Many practitioners argue that carousels are an ineffective design element and hurt a website's search engine optimisation and usability. There are two primary jobs involved in creating

1344-443: A slash after the opening angle bracket, to distinguish it from the start tag. For example, a paragraph, which is represented by the <p> element, would be written as: However, not all of these elements require the end tag, or even the start tag, to be present. Some elements, the so-called void elements , do not have an end tag. A typical example is the <br> (hard line-break) element. A void element's behavior

1428-513: A start tag (in the form < tag > ), which contains any HTML attributes. They may not contain any children, such as text or other elements. For compatibility with XHTML , the HTML specification allows an optional space and slash ( < tag /> is permissible). The slash is required in XHTML and other XML applications. Two common void elements are <br /> (for

1512-472: A start tag and an end tag, although for some elements the end tag, or both tags, can be omitted. It is constructed in a similar way: Raw text elements (also known as text or text-only elements) are constructed with: An example is the <title> element, which must not contain other elements (including markup of text), only plain text. Void elements (also sometimes called empty elements, single elements or stand-alone elements) only have

1596-606: A static website are that they were simpler to host, as their server only needed to serve static content, not execute server-side scripts. This required less server administration and had less chance of exposing security holes. They could also serve pages more quickly, on low-cost server hardware. This advantage became less important as cheap web hosting expanded to also offer dynamic features, and virtual servers offered high performance for short intervals at low cost. Almost all websites have some static content, as supporting assets such as images and style sheets are usually static, even on

1680-409: A website exists to offer content according to one of several well-recognised models, such as a time-sequenced blog , a thematic magazine or news site, a wiki, or a user forum. These tools make the implementation of such a site very easy, and a purely organizational and design-based task, without requiring any coding. Editing the content itself (as well as the template page) can be done both by means of

1764-481: A website may identify what works for its target market. This can be an age group or particular strand of culture; thus the designer may understand the trends of its audience. Designers may also understand the type of website they are designing, meaning, for example, that (B2B) business-to-business website design considerations might differ greatly from a consumer-targeted website such as a retail or entertainment website. Careful consideration might be made to ensure that

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1848-465: A website with highly dynamic pages. Dynamic websites are generated on the fly and use server-side technology to generate web pages. They typically extract their content from one or more back-end databases: some are database queries across a relational database to query a catalog or to summarise numeric information, and others may use a document database such as MongoDB or NoSQL to store larger units of content, such as blog posts or wiki articles. In

1932-459: A website: the web designer and web developer , who often work closely together on a website. The web designers are responsible for the visual aspect, which includes the layout, colouring, and typography of a web page. Web designers will also have a working knowledge of markup languages such as HTML and CSS, although the extent of their knowledge will differ from one web designer to another. Particularly in smaller organizations, one person will need

2016-525: Is possible (per the DTD), its explicit statement in any given document is not generally required. As a simple example, the < p > tag indicating the start of a paragraph element should be complemented by a </ p > tag indicating its end. But since the DTD states that paragraph elements cannot be nested, an HTML document fragment < p > Para 1 < p > Para 2 < p > Para 3

2100-430: Is UX Design, it is a type of art that designs products to perform an accurate user background. UX design is very deep. UX is more than the web, it is very independent, and its fundamentals can be applied to many other browsers or apps. Web design is mostly based on web-based things. UX can overlap both web design and design. UX design mostly focuses on products that are less web-based. Marketing and communication design on

2184-411: Is a critical decision in user experience design. If the plug-in doesn't come pre-installed with most browsers, there's a risk that the user will have neither the know-how nor the patience to install a plug-in just to access the content. If the function requires advanced coding language skills, it may be too costly in either time or money to code compared to the amount of enhancement the function will add to

2268-500: Is approximately equivalent to XHTML 1.0 Strict , but also includes the Ruby markup module.) A common source of confusion is the loose use of deprecated to refer to both deprecated and invalid status, and to elements that are expected to be formally deprecated in the future. Since HTML 4, HTML has increasingly focused on the separation of content (the visible text and images) from presentation (like color, font size, and layout). This

2352-488: Is compatible with both XHTML and HTML 5, is to put a / at the end of the tag (not to be confused with the / at the beginning of a closing tag). HTML attributes are specified inside the start tag. For example, the <abbr> element, which represents an abbreviation , expects a title attribute within its opening tag. This would be written as: Informally, HTML elements are sometimes referred to as "tags" (an example of synecdoche ), though many prefer

2436-470: Is composed of more than 500 web professionals (200 women + 200 men) from 35 countries. The FWA Hall of Fame was established in May 2007 (to celebrate the seventh anniversary of the FWA), as a recognition of web's greatest individuals and companies. Web design Although web design has a fairly recent history, it can be linked to other areas such as graphic design, user experience, and multimedia arts, but

2520-435: Is deactivated, as pages' content is included in the page's HTML source code, whereas counter-example Everipedia relies on JavaScript to load pages' content subsequently; a blank page appears with JavaScript deactivated. Part of the user interface design is affected by the quality of the page layout . For example, a designer may consider whether the site's page layout should remain consistent on different pages when designing

2604-402: Is generally understood, the position of an element is indicated as spanning from a start tag and is terminated by an end tag. This is the case for many, but not all, elements within an HTML document. The distinction is explicitly emphasised in HTML 4.01 Specification : Elements are not tags. Some people refer to elements as tags (e.g., "the P tag"). Remember that the element is one thing, and

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2688-550: Is governed by the industry group WHATWG and is known as the HTML Living Standard. An HTML document is composed of a tree of simple HTML nodes , such as text nodes, and HTML elements, which add semantics and formatting to parts of a document (e.g., make text bold, organize it into paragraphs, lists and tables, or embed hyperlinks and images). Each element can have HTML attributes specified. Elements can also have content, including other elements and text. As

2772-571: Is identical or nearly so. Part of this CSS presentation behavior is the notion of the " box model ". This is applied to those elements that CSS considers to be "block" elements, set through the CSS display : block ; declaration. HTML also has a similar concept, although different, and the two are very frequently confused. %block; and %inline; are groups within the HTML DTD that group elements as being either "block-level" or "inline". This

2856-521: Is more aptly seen from a technological standpoint. It has become a large part of people's everyday lives. It is hard to imagine the Internet without animated graphics, different styles of typography , backgrounds, videos and music. The web was announced on August 6, 1991; in November 1992, CERN was the first website to go live on the World Wide Web. During this period, websites were structured by using

2940-499: Is often referred to as a separation of concerns . HTML is used to represent the structure or content of a document, its presentation remains the sole responsibility of CSS style sheets. A default style sheet is suggested as part of the CSS standard, giving a default rendering for HTML. Behavior (interactivity) is also kept separate from content, and is handled by scripts . Images are contained in separate graphics files, separate from text, though they can also be considered part of

3024-418: Is predefined, and it cannot contain any content or other elements. For example, an address would be written as: When using XHTML , it is required to open and close all elements, including void elements. This can be done by placing an end tag immediately after the start tag, but this is not legal in HTML 5 and will lead to two elements being created. An alternative way to specify that it is a void element, which

3108-444: Is relevant to the content. In either case, motion graphic design may make the difference between more effective visuals or distracting visuals. Motion graphics that are not initiated by the site visitor can produce accessibility issues. The World Wide Web consortium accessibility standards require that site visitors be able to disable the animations. Website designers may consider it to be good practice to conform to standards. This

3192-443: Is required before the last angle bracket: HTML attributes define desired behavior or indicate additional element properties. Most attributes require a value . In HTML, the value can be left unquoted if it does not include spaces ( attribute = value ), or it can be quoted with single or double quotes ( attribute =' value ' or attribute =" value " ). In XML , those quotes are required. Boolean attributes, on

3276-486: Is thus inferred to be equivalent to < p > Para 1 </ p >< p > Para 2 </ p >< p > Para 3 . (If one paragraph element cannot contain another, any currently open paragraph must be closed before starting another.) Because this implication is based on the combination of the DTD and the individual document, it is not usually possible to infer elements from document tags alone but only by using an SGML—or HTML—aware parser with knowledge of

3360-415: Is used to define their nesting behavior: block-level elements cannot be placed into an inline context. This behavior cannot be changed; it is fixed in the DTD. Block and inline elements have the appropriate and different CSS behaviors attached to them by default, including the relevance of the box model for particular element types. Note though that this CSS behavior can, and frequently is, changed from

3444-517: Is usually done via a description specifying what the element is doing. Failure to conform to standards may not make a website unusable or error-prone, but standards can relate to the correct layout of pages for readability as well as making sure coded elements are closed appropriately. This includes errors in code, a more organized layout for code, and making sure IDs and classes are identified properly. Poorly coded pages are sometimes colloquially called tag soup . Validating via W3C can only be done when

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3528-534: The Netscape 0.9 browser . Netscape created its HTML tags without regard to the traditional standards process. For example, Netscape 1.1 included tags for changing background colours and formatting text with tables on web pages. From 1996 to 1999 the browser wars began, as Microsoft and Netscape fought for ultimate browser dominance. During this time there were many new technologies in the field, notably Cascading Style Sheets , JavaScript , and Dynamic HTML . On

3612-767: The SVG language can also be used to write graphics within the document, though linking to external SVG files is generally simpler.) Where an image is not purely decorative, HTML allows replacement content with similar semantic value to be provided for non-visual user agents. An HTML document can also be extended through the use of scripts to provide additional behaviors beyond the abilities of HTML hyperlinks and forms. The elements <style> and <script> , with related HTML attributes , provide style sheets and scripts. (See document head elements for child elements.) (See document body elements for child elements.) Can be used to specify additional metadata about

3696-518: The <table> tag which created numbers on the website. Eventually, web designers were able to find their way around it to create more structures and formats. In early history, the structure of the websites was fragile and hard to contain, so it became very difficult to use them. In November 1993, ALIWEB was the first ever search engine to be created (Archie Like Indexing for the WEB). In 1989, whilst working at CERN , Tim Berners-Lee proposed to create

3780-454: The 1990s, as a stop-gap, presentational elements (like <b> and <i> ) were added to HTML, at the cost of creating problems for interoperability and user accessibility. This is now regarded as outmoded and has been superseded by style sheet-based design; most presentational elements are now deprecated. External image files are incorporated with the <img /> or <object /> elements. (With XHTML ,

3864-502: The CSS @media rule. In March 2018 Google announced they would be rolling out mobile-first indexing. Sites using responsive design are well placed to ensure they meet this new approach. Web designers may choose to limit the variety of website typefaces to only a few which are of a similar style, instead of using a wide range of typefaces or type styles . Most browsers recognize a specific number of safe fonts, which designers mainly use in order to avoid complications. Font downloading

3948-411: The DTD. HTML5 creates a similar result by defining what tags can be omitted. SGML is complex, which has limited its widespread understanding and adoption. XML was developed as a simpler alternative. Although both can use the DTD to specify the supported elements and their permitted combinations as document structure, XML parsing is simpler. The relation from tags to elements is always that of parsing

4032-405: The HTML source code rather than having to wait for JavaScript to initiate and load the content subsequently, which allows content to be readable with minimum loading time and bandwidth, and through text-based browsers , and maximizes backwards compatibility . As an example, MediaWiki -based sites including Misplaced Pages use progressive enhancement, as they remain usable while JavaScript and even CSS

4116-489: The actual tags included in the document, without the implied closures that are part of SGML. HTML as used on the current web is likely to be either treated as XML, by being XHTML , or as HTML5 ; in either case the parsing of document tags into Document Object Model (DOM) elements is simplified compared to legacy HTML systems. Once the DOM of elements is obtained, behavior at higher levels of interface (example: screen rendering)

4200-472: The aesthetics or overall design of a site do not clash with the clarity and accuracy of the content or the ease of web navigation , especially on a B2B website. Designers may also consider the reputation of the owner or business the site is representing to make sure they are portrayed favorably. Web designers normally oversee all the websites that are made on how they work or operate on things. They constantly are updating and changing everything on websites behind

4284-403: The basic content and functionality of a web page, whilst users with additional browser features or faster Internet access receive the enhanced version instead. In practice, this means serving content through HTML and applying styling and animation through CSS to the technically possible extent, then applying further enhancements through JavaScript . Pages' text is loaded immediately through

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4368-413: The benefits of Flash made it popular enough among specific target markets to eventually work its way to the vast majority of browsers, and powerful enough to be used to develop entire sites. In 1998, Netscape released Netscape Communicator code under an open-source licence , enabling thousands of developers to participate in improving the software. However, these developers decided to start a standard for

4452-477: The browser to make user-specific layout adjustments to fluid layouts based on the details of the reader's screen (window size, font size relative to window, etc.). They grew as an alternative to HTML-table-based layouts and grid-based design in both page layout design principles and in coding technique but were very slow to be adopted. This was due to considerations of screen reading devices and varying windows sizes which designers have no control over. Accordingly,

4536-505: The content of a page. Separation of concerns allows the document to be presented by different user agents according to their purposes and abilities. For example, a user agent can select an appropriate style sheet to present a document by displaying on a monitor, printing on paper, or to determine speech characteristics in an audio-only user agent. The structural and semantic functions of the markup remain identical in each case. Historically, user agents did not always support these features. In

4620-431: The default. Lists with < ul >< li > ... are %block; elements and are presented as block elements by default. However, it is quite common to set these with CSS to display as an inline list. In the HTML syntax, most elements are written with a start tag and an end tag, with the content in between. An HTML tag is composed of the name of the element, surrounded by angle brackets . An end tag also has

4704-497: The design process, dynamic pages are often mocked-up or wireframed using static pages. The skillset needed to develop dynamic web pages is much broader than for a static page, involving server-side and database coding as well as client-side interface design. Even medium-sized dynamic projects are thus almost always a team effort. When dynamic web pages first developed, they were typically coded directly in languages such as Perl , PHP or ASP . Some of these, notably PHP and ASP, used

4788-439: The element must be placed between just after the start tag (which might be implied , in certain cases) and just before the end tag (which again, might be implied , in certain cases). and: Certain tags can be omitted . NOTE: Omitting an element's start tag (...) does not mean the element is not present; it is implied, but it is still there. For example, an HTML document always has a root <html> element, even if

4872-567: The homepage is the most important page on a website. Nielsen, Jakob; Tahir, Marie (October 2001), Homepage Usability: 50 Websites Deconstructed , New Riders Publishing, ISBN   978-0-7357-1102-0 However practitioners into the 2000s were starting to find that a growing number of website traffic was bypassing the homepage, going directly to internal content pages through search engines, e-newsletters and RSS feeds. This led many practitioners to argue that homepages are less important than most people think. Jared Spool argued in 2007 that

4956-458: The layout. Page pixel width may also be considered vital for aligning objects in the layout design. The most popular fixed-width websites generally have the same set width to match the current most popular browser window, at the current most popular screen resolution, on the current most popular monitor size. Most pages are also center-aligned for concerns of aesthetics on larger screens. Fluid layouts increased in popularity around 2000 to allow

5040-442: The necessary skills for designing and programming the full web page, while larger organizations may have a web designer responsible for the visual aspect alone. Further jobs which may become involved in the creation of a website include: Chat GPT and other AI models are being used to write and code websites making it faster and easier to create websites. There are still ethical debates on using artificial intelligence for design as

5124-794: The other hand, do not require a value to be specified. An example is the checked for checkboxes: In the XML (and thus XHTML ) syntax, though, a value is required, and the name should be repeated as the value: HTML elements are defined in a series of freely available open standards issued since 1995, initially by the IETF and subsequently by the W3C . During the browser wars of the 1990s, developers of user agents (e.g. web browsers ) often developed their own elements, some of which have been adopted in later standards. Other user agents may not recognize non-standard elements, and they will be ignored, possibly causing

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5208-584: The page to be displayed improperly. In 1998, XML (a simplified form of SGML) introduced mechanisms to allow anyone to develop their own elements and incorporate them in XHTML documents, for use with XML-aware user agents. Subsequently, HTML 4.01 was rewritten in an XML -compatible form, XHTML 1.0 ( eXtensible HTML ). The elements in each are identical, and in most cases valid XHTML 1.0 documents will be valid or nearly valid HTML 4.01 documents. This article mainly focuses on real HTML, unless noted otherwise; however, it remains applicable to XHTML. See HTML for

5292-583: The principles behind them remain the same. Web designers use both vector and raster graphics editors to create web-formatted imagery or design prototypes. A website can be created using WYSIWYG website builder software or content management system , or the individual web pages can be hand-coded in just the same manner as the first web pages were created. Other tools web designers might use include markup validators and other testing tools for usability and accessibility to ensure their websites meet web accessibility guidelines. One popular tool in web design

5376-410: The same content is returned. This content is created once, during the design of the website. It is usually manually authored, although some sites use an automated creation process, similar to a dynamic website, whose results are stored long-term as completed pages. These automatically created static sites became more popular around 2015, with generators such as Jekyll and Adobe Muse . The benefits of

5460-458: The scenes. All the elements they do are text, photos, graphics, and layout of the web. Before beginning work on a website, web designers normally set an appointment with their clients to discuss layout, colour, graphics, and design. Web designers spend the majority of their time designing websites and making sure the speed is right. Web designers typically engage in testing and working, marketing, and communicating with other designers about laying out

5544-528: The site itself and with the use of third-party software. The ability to edit all pages is provided only to a specific category of users (for example, administrators, or registered users). In some cases, anonymous users are allowed to edit certain web content, which is less frequent (for example, on forums - adding messages). An example of a site with an anonymous change is Misplaced Pages . Usability experts, including Jakob Nielsen and Kyle Soucy, have often emphasised homepage design for website success and asserted that

5628-405: The site. If a user perceives the usefulness of the website, they are more likely to continue using it. Users who are skilled and well versed in website use may find a more distinctive, yet less intuitive or less user-friendly website interface useful nonetheless. However, users with less experience are less likely to see the advantages or usefulness of a less intuitive website interface. This drives

5712-541: The string <html> doesn't appear anywhere in the markup. As HTML (before HTML5) is based on SGML , its parsing also depends on the Document Type Definition (DTD) , specifically an HTML DTD (e.g. HTML 4.01 ). The DTD specifies which element types are possible (i.e. it defines the set of element types) and also the valid combinations in which they may appear in a document. It is part of general SGML behavior that, where only one valid structure

5796-416: The syntax is: This <link /> element points the browser at a style sheet to use when presenting the HTML document to the user. In the HTML syntax attributes do not have to be quoted if they are composed only of certain characters: letters, digits, the hyphen-minus and the period. When using the XML syntax (XHTML), on the other hand, all attributes must be quoted, and a spaced trailing slash

5880-540: The tag (be it start or end tag) is another. For instance, the HEAD element is always present, even though both start and end HEAD tags may be missing in the markup. Similarly the W3C Recommendation HTML 5.1 2nd Edition explicitly says: Tags are used to delimit the start and end of elements in the markup. (...) The start and end tags of certain normal elements can be omitted, (...) The contents of

5964-565: The term tag strictly in reference to the markup delimiting the start and end of an element. Element (and attribute) names may be written in any combination of upper or lower case in HTML, but must be in lower case in XHTML. The canonical form was upper-case until HTML 4 , and was used in HTML specifications, but in recent years, lower-case has become more common. There are three kinds of HTML elements: normal elements, raw text elements, and void elements. Normal elements usually have both

6048-403: The trend for a more universal user experience and ease of access to accommodate as many users as possible regardless of user skill. Much of the user experience design and interactive design are considered in the user interface design . Advanced interactive functions may require plug-ins if not advanced coding language skills. Choosing whether or not to use interactivity that requires plug-ins

6132-554: The use of motion graphics. The choice of whether or not to use motion graphics may depend on the target market for the website. Motion graphics may be expected or at least better received with an entertainment-oriented website. However, a website target audience with a more serious or formal interest (such as business, community, or government) might find animations unnecessary and distracting if only for entertainment or decoration purposes. This doesn't mean that more serious content couldn't be enhanced with animated or video presentations that

6216-464: The user experience. There's also a risk that advanced interactivity may be incompatible with older browsers or hardware configurations. Publishing a function that doesn't work reliably is potentially worse for the user experience than making no attempt. It depends on the target audience if it's likely to be needed or worth any risks. Progressive enhancement is a strategy in web design that puts emphasis on web content first, allowing everyone to access

6300-410: The web from scratch, which guided the development of the open-source browser and soon expanded to a complete application platform. The Web Standards Project was formed and promoted browser compliance with HTML and CSS standards. Programs like Acid1 , Acid2 , and Acid3 were created in order to test browsers for compliance with web standards. In 2000, Internet Explorer was released for Mac, which

6384-667: The web has become more and more integrated into people's lives. As this has happened the technology of the web has also moved on. There have also been significant changes in the way people use and access the web, and this has changed how sites are designed. Since the end of the browsers wars new browsers have been released. Many of these are open source meaning that they tend to have faster development and are more supportive of new standards. The new options are considered by many to be better than Microsoft's Internet Explorer . The W3C has released new standards for HTML ( HTML5 ) and CSS ( CSS3 ), as well as new JavaScript API's , each as

6468-411: The websites and finding the right elements for the websites. User understanding of the content of a website often depends on user understanding of how the website works. This is part of the user experience design . User experience is related to layout, clear instructions, and labeling on a website. How well a user understands how they can interact on a site may also depend on the interactive design of

6552-426: The whole, the browser competition did lead to many positive creations and helped web design evolve at a rapid pace. In 1996, Microsoft released its first competitive browser, which was complete with its features and HTML tags. It was also the first browser to support style sheets, which at the time was seen as an obscure authoring technique and is today an important aspect of web design. The HTML markup for tables

6636-444: The world becomes more familiar with using AI for tedious tasks used in design processes. HTML markup An HTML element is a type of HTML (HyperText Markup Language) document component, one of several types of HTML nodes (there are also text nodes, comment nodes and others). The first used version of HTML was written by Tim Berners-Lee in 1993 and there have since been many versions of HTML. The current de facto standard

6720-608: Was created in October 1994 to "lead the World Wide Web to its full potential by developing common protocols that promote its evolution and ensure its interoperability ." This discouraged any one company from monopolizing a proprietary browser and programming language , which could have altered the effect of the World Wide Web as a whole. The W3C continues to set standards, which can today be seen with JavaScript and other languages. In 1994 Andreessen formed Mosaic Communications Corp. that later became known as Netscape Communications ,

6804-527: Was introduced in December 1996 by the W3C to support presentation and layout. This allowed HTML code to be semantic rather than both semantic and presentational and improved web accessibility, see tableless web design . In 1996, Flash (originally known as FutureSplash) was developed. At the time, the Flash content development tool was relatively simple compared to now, using basic layout and drawing tools,

6888-518: Was later included in the CSS3 fonts module and has since been implemented in Safari 3.1, Opera 10 , and Mozilla Firefox 3.5 . This has subsequently increased interest in web typography , as well as the usage of font downloading. Most site layouts incorporate negative space to break the text up into paragraphs and also avoid center-aligned text. The page layout and user interface may also be affected by

6972-629: Was originally intended for displaying tabular data. However, designers quickly realized the potential of using HTML tables for creating complex, multi-column layouts that were otherwise not possible. At this time, as design and good aesthetics seemed to take precedence over good markup structure, little attention was paid to semantics and web accessibility . HTML sites were limited in their design options, even more so with earlier versions of HTML. To create complex designs, many web designers had to use complicated table structures or even use blank spacer .GIF images to stop empty table cells from collapsing. CSS

7056-455: Was the first browser that fully supported HTML 4.01 and CSS 1. It was also the first browser to fully support the PNG image format. By 2001, after a campaign by Microsoft to popularize Internet Explorer, Internet Explorer had reached 96% of web browser usage share , which signified the end of the first browser wars as Internet Explorer had no real competition. Since the start of the 21st century,

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