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69-548: It was known to residents who lived there as "The Village." A significant percentage of the village's displaced residents resettled in New Orleans' Ninth Ward . As it matured, the self-contained village of Fazendeville grew to have its own general stores, a one-room schoolhouse which taught first through eighth grades, two benevolent societies, and the Battle Ground Baptist Church. The main street

138-760: A jazz funeral , many residents made their first trip back to take part in a massive block party in their former neighborhood. Since Katrina, the 9th Ward has witnessed an uneven resurgence, with the Vietnamese community in New Orleans East establishing themselves as a dining destination and commercial hub, even as Vietnamese and other fishermen further down the Parish are suffering from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill of April 20, 2010, and despite 2010 layoffs at NASA's Michoud Assembly Facility with

207-513: A bill in Congress to establish a commission to celebrate the 150th Anniversary of the Battle of New Orleans." In addition to arranging for funding to support the battle's sesquicentennial ceremonies and a twenty-three member commission to oversee the planning of those events, which were slated for December 1964 and January 1965, Hébert's bill "provide[d] for the adding of about seven acres of land to

276-530: A festival to raise funds in support of the First Ward Colored School. According to The St. Bernard Voice , "The idea of giving a festival for the improvement of their school building originated with a number of the progressive citizens of Fazendeville, who aroused the interest and enthusiasm of their neighbors and labored earnestly to raise the necessary funds." Special events included "base ball games, greasy pig, dancing, foot race, etc.," and

345-551: A new road from the village to the associations' cemetery in Versailles. By February 1948, thirty-six of the ninety-eight acres of land located between the Chalmette Monument and the national cemetery had been purchased as part of the land acquisition for the proposed national park expansion. The remaining sixty-two acres that had not yet been purchased included the village of Fazendeville. A second major fire damaged

414-535: A patchwork of potholes and uneven dips and humps. A shooting took place at Bunny Friend playground on November 22, 2015. In conjunction with the shooting of an impromptu music video at a block party , 17 people were injured . In the Ward, New Orleans Public Schools , schools of the Recovery School District , and charter public schools operate. Dr. King Charter School (K-12) is located in

483-672: A section of the Industrial Canal levee. Most of Eastern New Orleans experienced flooding, generally all areas except the Gentilly/Chef Menteur Ridge and Michoud areas. The Upper Ninth was flooded by the levee and floodwall failures near the Desire neighborhood , across the Industrial Canal from the junction with the MRGO. Flooding in this part of the ward joined with that of the bulk of the city's east bank to

552-495: A very active concert band presence during the early 1890s with performances in the village by the Chalmette Brass Band and other ensembles covered frequently by area newspapers. Nearly eight years later, on Christmas Eve in 1898, The St. Bernard Voice reported that Fazendeville civic leaders planned to hold a special entertainment event to raise public improvement funds to provide for the installation of sidewalks in

621-673: Is a distinctive region of New Orleans , Louisiana , which is located in the easternmost downriver portion of the city. It is geographically the largest of the 17 Wards of New Orleans . On the south, the Ninth Ward is bounded by the Mississippi River . On the western or "upriver" side, the Ninth Ward is bounded by (going from the River north to Lake Pontchartrain ) Franklin Avenue, then Almonaster Avenue , then People's Avenue. From

690-730: Is called the "Lower 9th Ward" or "Lower Ninth". Also commonly referred to as "vulture island," popularized by famous rapper Rob 49. It includes the Holy Cross neighborhood, the twin Doullut Steamboat Houses and the Jackson Barracks . Until Hurricane Katrina, the Lower Ninth Ward had the highest percentage of black homeownership in the city. The area west or "above" the Canal has sometimes been called

759-562: Is substantial overlap, the 9th Ward should not be confused with city planning designation of the ninth planning district of New Orleans. The 9th Ward includes land in planning districts 7, 8, 10, and 11 (not to be confused with New Orleans East , the 7th , 8th , 10th , and 11th wards). Among the famous natives and residents of the 9th Ward are music legend Fats Domino , Magic , NBA player Eldridge Recasner , NFL Player Marshall Faulk , authors Kalamu ya Salaam and Poppy Z. Brite , actor John Larroquette , trumpeter Kermit Ruffins , and

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828-647: The Lower 9th Ward of New Orleans , and built a new "Battleground Baptist Church" there in 1964. That area was severely damaged in Hurricane Betsy in 1965 and even more so by the Hurricane Katrina levee failure disaster of 2005. A significant percentage of the village's displaced residents resettled in New Orleans' Ninth Ward . During the early years of the twenty-first century, cultural anthropologist and ethnomusicologist Joyce Marie Jackson , PhD,

897-779: The Lower Ninth Ward ; Carver High School is located in the Ninth Ward. Alfred Lawless High School was the only public high school that operated in the Lower 9th until Hurricane Katrina in August 2005. The previous Holy Cross High School campus was located in the Lower Ninth Ward. In August 2007 students from Carver and Marshall Middle School began studying at temporary trailers on the site of Holy Cross. 30°02′49″N 89°53′06″W  /  30.047°N 89.885°W  / 30.047; -89.885 Versailles, Louisiana Too Many Requests If you report this error to

966-486: The MRGO and the Industrial Canal. Eastern New Orleans was flooded from multiple sources. The most severe was due to multiple breaches in the MRGO to the south. Some heavy waves during the storm topped the lake level to the north, which may have contributed to the flooding in some places. Lakefront Airport, outside the main protection levees, was heavily damaged by the surge from Lake Pontchartrain . Some water also overtopped

1035-569: The Ogden Museum of Southern Art presented "Black Alchemy: Remembering Fazendeville," an exhibit of photographs of the village and its former residents, which was created by Arkansas-based photographer-educator Aaron Turner in collaboration with Richard McCabe, Ogden's curator of photography. The exhibit was supported by the Darryl Chappell Foundation. 9th Ward of New Orleans The Ninth Ward or 9th Ward

1104-552: The "Upper Ninth Ward." Such distinctions arose when the Industrial Canal bisected the neighborhood in the 1920s. The portion of the Ninth Ward along the riverfront between Faubourg Marigny and the Industrial Canal is known as Bywater . Further back are the Infamous St. Claude and Florida area and Desire neighborhood. This part of the Ward contained two of the Housing Projects of New Orleans . The Desire neighborhood

1173-462: The 9th Ward flooded during Hurricane Flossy in 1956, and the Lower 9th Ward experienced catastrophic flooding in Hurricane Betsy in 1965. In 1960, the Ninth Ward found itself once again being a topic of discussion when Ruby Bridges became the first black student to attend the then all-white Willam Frantz Elementary School , thus launching the New Orleans school desegregation crisis . While

1242-594: The Association of Commerce, and two others ... on a trip to Fazendeville to inspect some property in that neighborhood." The newspaper also reported that Perrin had "declined to give the names of the other two occupants, who were strangers here, explaining that they had made that request, fearing that their families would be uneasy when they read of the accident." During the fall of 1944, members of Fazendeville's Silver Star and Progressive Benevolent associations secured permission from St. Bernard Parish officials to build

1311-434: The Battle of New Orleans. On January 9, 1927, a major fire swept through the community, destroying the old Battle Ground Church, where new pews valued at $ 1,000 had recently been installed, seven automobiles, and eight houses, leaving roughly sixty people homeless, according to newspaper accounts of the event which stated that "the fire spread so rapidly that they did not have time to even save their personal effects." None of

1380-886: The Chalmette National Historical Park ... in St. Bernard Parish." Newspapers reporting on the proposed legislation noted that the seven acres Hébert proposed acquiring for the project were "along the Fazendeville Lane from the St. Bernard Highway toward the Mississippi River on the Chalmette or lower side as the Arabi or upper side of Fazendeville," which were owned, at that time, "by a number of individuals, principally colored families." Hébert added that he had introduced his proposed bill "at

1449-708: The Chalmette National Historical Park Association, lobbied members of the United States Congress to authorize "the appropriation necessary the purchase of the Fazendeville tract." The Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corporation also played an active role in facilitating the national park's formation by donating sixty-six acres of land adjacent to the Chalmette battlefield on April 18, 1959. On February 27, 1961, U.S. Congressman F. Edward Hébert "introduced

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1518-403: The Chalmette National Historical Park." The community ended in 1964 when the St. Bernard Parish Government expropriated the rights to the land for expansion of the park around the battlefield site. Allegations were made at the time (and continue to be made) that the expropriation was motivated at least as much to displace the Parish's largest concentration of Black residents as for need to expand

1587-484: The Daughters of 1776-1815 lobbied the members of the St. Bernard Police Jury to replace the road between Fazendeville and the Chalmette Monument with a new public thoroughfare that would be maintained by the St. Bernard Parish government because the condition of the existing Southern Railroad-controlled private street had deteriorated so much that it had forced the postponement of the organization's annual commemoration of

1656-496: The Industrial Canal flood protection system, creating violent currents that not only flooded buildings but smashed them and displaced them from their foundations. Floodwaters propelled the barge ING 4727 into the neighborhood on the other side of the levee from the Industrial Canal. During several days of the hurricane aftermath, live television news coverage from reporters and anchors who had little familiarity with New Orleans frequently included misinformation, such as referring to

1725-726: The Louisiana Endowment for the Humanities for her Fazendeville research and writing and her enhancement of the understanding of African American culture and music, sacred and secular rituals in Africa and the diaspora with the endowment's Lifetime Contributions to the Humanities award. In the spring of 2020, park rangers and members of the Louisiana Iris Conservation Initiative noticed that Louisiana iris and African lilies were blooming on

1794-400: The Lower 9th Ward simply as "the 9th Ward" and misidentifying helicopter shots of the Industrial Canal breach as the 17th Street Canal breach (which was actually at the nearly opposite end of the city.) The Lower 9th Ward, not yet dry from Katrina, was re-flooded by Hurricane Rita a month later. During Mardi Gras 2006, the 9th Ward was a popular spot for visitors. The national attention

1863-584: The National Park Service to analyze archival photographs and maps of Fazendeville and use a 3d printer to construct a model of the village. Their plan was to create an interactive exhibit at the Chalmette National Battlefield to include interviews with descendants of the village's former residents and a virtual reality program. On April 19, 2021, former residents of Fazendeville and descendants of original residents of

1932-658: The Village: A Cultural Memory of the Fazendeville Community . Jackson, who then published "Declaration of Taking Twice: The Fazendeville Community of the Lower Ninth Ward," in American Anthropologist in 2006, was subsequently awarded the James J. Parsons Endowed Professor and Chair of the department of geography and anthropology at Louisiana State University . In 2021, Jackson was recognized by

2001-485: The area received due to the hurricane and the events following the disaster provided Carnival revelers with an additional destination during their celebration. Visitors, however, were not the only ones to venture into the area. Locals flocked to the devastated neighborhoods of the ward as well. Hundreds of people gathered near the Florida housing project in the Ninth Ward on Fat Tuesday . In the quasi-celebratory spirit of

2070-475: The battlefield. After further investigation, they determined that those particular flowers could not have been growing wild because they were not native to the area, and theorized that the flowers might have been brought from Africa by enslaved people and planted there when Fazendville was still an active and thriving community. In 2020 and 2021, assistant professor John Seefeldt and a team of researchers from Loyola University New Orleans worked with personnel from

2139-567: The corner of Fazende Lane and the Levee." Per the agreement, Charles and his heirs were slated to "remain in possession until the Company [had] immediate use for the land." In 1905, "Judge A.E. Livaudais, of the firm of Livaudais & Livaudais, presented a petition signed by the property holders and residents of Fazendeville, asking the Police Jury to provide for a right of way in the rear of

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2208-405: The cost of burial," according to The St. Bernard Voice , which reported on the sixty-first anniversary of the organization's establishment in its September 26, 1942, edition. "The organization was patterned after the St. Maurice Society, and among those who first guided its destinies were Homer Charles, Carl Cook, Chas. C. Cager, Sebastien Smith and Sol Calvin, who were among the original settlers of

2277-454: The crowd was "imbued with the spirit of the occasion." Roughly sixty years before Fazendeville was razed as part of the transformation of the Chalmette National Battlefield into the Chalmette National Historical Park, executives of the St. Louis–San Francisco Railway (known more commonly as the "Frisco Railroad") were reported by newspapers as participating in similar efforts which would have erased

2346-514: The federal government's purchase of Fazendeville's land during this decade was the editor of The St. Bernard Voice . In its July 22, 1939, edition, The St. Bernard Voice observed, "The situation which the inhabitants of Fazendeville must eventually face is ... that they must bear segregation in mind—that is to say, the new village must be on a site that will meet with the approval of adjoining property holders," adding that "two sites have already been offered by A.P. Perrin and Albert Laburre, both on

2415-512: The government to acquire Fazendeville and other land near the Chalmette National Battlefield. After that legislation was vetoed by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt , because "it was not the policy of the government to purchase land for national parks," Fernández continued to urge the Secretary of the Interior to acquire Fazendeville. Among those playing a prominent role in advocating for

2484-497: The homes or their contents were insured; the total loss was estimated at $ 25,000. The cornerstone for the new Battle Ground Baptist Church was laid on Sunday, October 14, 1928. In October 1928, the St. Bernard Parish School Board reported that Fazendeville's school had begun the year with a total enrollment of 65 students. At its September 5, 1930, meeting, the Board of Commissioners of Water District No. 1, St. Bernard Parish, approved

2553-550: The immediate successor to the Rev. C.C. Cager, who had died several months earlier. During the summer of 1939, elected officials and newspapers announced the "strong probability that the Chalmette National Park" would "become an actuality before long," suggesting that the village of Fazendeville would likely be "absorbed" because U.S. Congressman Joachim O. Fernández had secured the passage of legislation authorizing

2622-570: The installation of a two-inch water line "to serve consumers in Fazendeville Village, provided a reasonable number of applications for water could be procured." In 1931, local newspapers reported that "options on the properties at Fazendeville were obtained as one of the preliminaries to the establishment of a national park on the Battlefield of Chalmette," adding that, while "[s]ome of the homes have changed hands ... they are, in

2691-401: The invocation. Additional presenters included St. Bernard Parish historian William Hyland and U.S. Congressman Ray Garofalo . In a Spring 2022 article in St. Bernard Magazine , a representative of the U.S. National Park Service noted that visitors to the former village will likely notice that "only a slight depression is visible in the battlefield where the street that ran through Fazendeville

2760-502: The lakefront in the 19th and early 20th century, but the collection at Little Woods was the longest-lasting concentration, many surviving until Hurricane Georges in 1998. The area of the 9th Ward on the backside of St. Claude Avenue experienced the city's most significant and longest-standing flooding from the New Orleans Hurricane of 1915 due to a break in the protection levee at Florida Avenue. The Industrial Canal

2829-533: The land on which the village would be built was listed as part of the succession of Jean Pierre Fazende, a "free man of color", and was inherited by his son of the same name. At the end of the American Civil War , the younger Fazende divided what had been agricultural land into lots and sold them to recently freed slaves, which led to the start of the Black community by 1867. The Battle Ground Baptist Church

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2898-520: The main, occupied ... by descendants of the original owners." The congregation of the Battle Ground Baptist Church celebrated the church's 65th anniversary at a special ceremony in June 1933. The following year, the congregation experienced the second of two serious losses when its pastor, the Rev. John Minor, died from a stroke during his presentation of the Sunday sermon on September 30, 1924. Minor had been

2967-516: The north end of People's Avenue the boundary continues on a straight line north to Lake Pontchartrain; this line is the boundary between the Ninth and the city's Eighth Ward . The Lake forms the north and northeastern end of the ward. St. Bernard Parish is the boundary to the southeast, Lake Borgne farther southeast and east, and the end of Orleans Parish to the east at the Rigolets . While there

3036-518: The park. More than 50 families were forced to relocate when the National Park Service obtained the land. Fazendeville Road was closed on November 25, 1964, and the demolition of Fazendeville was completed in 1966. "In the mid-1960s, the market price for a new home in St. Bernard was around $ 19,000," according to radio producer Eve Abrams; "residents of Fazendeville received around $ 4,000 per home." Many of those families relocated to

3105-613: The prominent Batiste musical family. From 2012 to 2016, the 9th Ward was represented in the Louisiana House of Representatives by Democrat Wesley T. Bishop. When Bishop was elected in 2015 to the Louisiana State Senate , another Democrat, Jimmy Harris , a lawyer and long-term government employee, filled the District 99 state House seat. The Ninth Ward can broadly be divided into three sections, from where

3174-677: The request of Mrs. Martha Robinson, chairman of the Louisiana Historic Landmarks Council and president of the Louisiana Landmarks Society." On October 12, 1962, The St. Bernard Voice reported that U.S. President John F. Kennedy "signed into law the resolution creating a commission for the Sesquicentennial Celebration of the Battle of New Orleans and to authorize the purchase of land along Fazendeville Road for

3243-598: The retirement of the space shuttle fleet. However, the Michoud Assembly Facility continues to be a source of employment as it is the site of fabrication of the core stage of the Space Launch System . Roads in the 9th Ward continue to improve. Streets neglected for years before Katrina have been resurfaced, such as St. Claude Avenue and Poland Avenue, Chartres Street and parts of Desire Street, but numerous smaller neighborhood roads remain

3312-415: The river front, and wants to cross the present public road practically at grade in many public places," wrote one newspaper editor. As part of this plan, Frisco executives proposed relocating Fazendeville's residents to the much smaller, neighboring village of Versailles , which was described as a "settlement consist[ing] merely of a row of very small properties along a public road running at right angles from

3381-530: The river to the railroad track"; however, many of Fazendeville's residents resisted and then ultimately refused the railway's financial offers. Among those who did sell to Frisco were "Homer Charles, proprietor of the Chalmette Grocery Store at Fazendeville, and the Charles' heirs who own[ed] property adjoining," according to New Orleans' Times-Picayune newspaper. The grocery was located "on

3450-534: The school has since become a charter, the school community has managed to honor her with a statue on campus and preserve the classroom she attended. The 9th Ward neighborhood was thrust into the nation's spotlight in the aftermath of 2005's Hurricane Katrina . Much of the area on both sides of the Industrial Canal experienced catastrophic flooding. The majority of the damage was caused by storm surge . There were multiple severe levee breaks along both

3519-493: The start of the 19th century, followed by the natural highland along Gentilly Ridge. The designation of this area as the "9th Ward" dates from 1852 when the Wards of New Orleans were redrawn as part of the reorganization of the city from three municipalities into one centralized city government. Along the lakefront were various fishing camps built on piers, the most famous collection being Little Woods. Such camps were common along

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3588-554: The students in those schools, including those at Fazendeville, would be "transported by bus to the new consolidated school at Violet." In 1953, newspapers across America reported on a mass Mississippi River baptism held in Fazendeville on Sunday morning, June 21. Officiating at the service were the president of the Southern District Baptist Association and members of the Battle Ground Baptist Church. That same decade, Mrs. Edwin X. deVerges, president of

3657-505: The village and parish who had served as soldiers and sailors during World War I . During its fall 1922 report, the St. Bernard Parish School Board noted that, when the Fazendeville School was visited by school board members as part of their tour of parish schools, board members had determined that conditions in the school were "more or less unsatisfactory, but cannot be remedied under present circumstances." In January 1923,

3726-541: The village from Louisiana's landscape. In 1903, Frisco executives engaged in negotiations to purchase large tracts of land in St. Bernard Parish "up to the Orleans Parish line" as part of their plans of "gigantic scope" to further the expansion of the company's rail lines and operations facilities across Louisiana. "The Frisco road cannot obtain title to the National Cemetery, but is after all the rest of

3795-412: The village further on January 30, 1949, when a kerosene heater exploded in the rear of Noemie Williams' home. Three double houses were destroyed by the blaze, which left six families homeless and without food, clothing, and personal possessions. During the summer of 1950, the St. Bernard Parish School Board announced that it was closing "[a]ll colored schools in the parish, except Verret," and that all of

3864-502: The village participated in dedication ceremonies for a new state historical marker on St. Bernard Highway at the entrance of the Chalmette Battlefield. Funds for the marker were provided by the St. Bernard Tourist Commission and the St. Bernard Parish Office of Tourism and Film. The event was hosted by Bishop Henry Ballard, Jr. of Christian Fellowship Family Worship; Elois Brooks of the Battle Ground Baptist Church delivered

3933-489: The village were built using a narrow, rectangular architectural style popularized after the Civil War, which was known as the shotgun house . Individual rooms were placed behind each other, one after another, between a front and rear door, giving rise to the description that a bullet fired from a gun at a home's front door would be able to travel straight through to the back door without hitting anything in between. In 1854,

4002-471: The village, so that would not be cut off from the rest of the world," according to local newspaper reports. A committee of three was "appointed to investigate the matter." Fazendeville's second Battle Ground Baptist Church was dedicated on Sunday, April 9, 1911. On Sunday, September 28, 1919, Fazendeville church leaders hosted a Grand Celebration in the Progressive Hall to welcome home members of

4071-409: The village. In 1899, The Times-Picayune of New Orleans reported that Fazendeville residents were planning another special event to raise additional public improvement funding. In April 1902, residents of Fazendeville approved a plan to create a new school for local children that would be operated from the basement of the village's Progressive Hall. On October 12 of that same year, civic leaders hosted

4140-485: The village." On New Year's Day in 1890, Fazendeville residents commemorated President Abraham Lincoln's issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation with a special program involving an oration by Warren W. Beals of Michigan, speeches by the Rev. E. Nicholas, C.C. Cager, Carl Cook, and Leopold Charles, and a concert presentation by the Chalmette Brass Band. According to music historian, Fazendeville had

4209-400: The ward is divided from north to south by the Industrial Canal , and where the area east of the Industrial Canal is divided east to west by the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway / Mississippi River Gulf Outlet . The smallest of these pieces is the area south and east of these canals. The portion of the Ninth Ward along the river down-river from the Industrial Canal stretching to the St. Bernard line

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4278-468: The west, with water flowing in from the London Avenue Canal breaches. The old high ground of the section of Bywater on the Mississippi River side of St. Claude Avenue was the only substantial neighborhood to escape significant flooding. A few areas on the very highest part of Gentilly Ridge and along the lakefront fill were also above the floodwaters. The Lower Ninth Ward flooded most catastrophically, with storm surge coming through two large breaches in

4347-400: The wood-side of the main highway, the first in the rear of Arabi, and the latter at Versailles, but some distance away from Route 61." Perrin, "a real estate man of St. Bernard," and past "president of the St. Bernard Volunteer Fire Company," according to New Orleans' Times-Democrat newspaper, had been involved in an automobile-train collision twenty-six years earlier while taking "J. Carter of

4416-432: Was Fazendeville Road, which ran from St. Bernard Highway to the River Road which formerly ran along the base of the Mississippi levee. "The houses were situated on the east side of the road. An open pasture lay behind the houses. It was used for a baseball field," according to Chapman. "A large grove of pecan trees flourished west" of a "millrace (a channel whose current is used to power a mill wheel)." Multiple structures in

4485-416: Was dredged through the neighborhood at the start of the 1920s. Most of the area between Gentilly Ridge and Lake Pontchartrain was a swamp, not drained and developed until the mid and late 20th century. Lincoln Beach was an amusement park along the lakefront for Black people during the era of racial segregation . The nearby "Pontchartrain Beach" was the corresponding amusement area for whites. Parts of

4554-400: Was hired by the United States National Park Service to research, document and write a cultural and historical study of the village of Fazendeville. Completed in 2003, the study included multiple oral histories recorded by Jackson with former residents and descendants of former residents of the village and resulted in the United States Department of the Interior's publication of Jackson's Life in

4623-422: Was home to the notorious Desire Projects , until they have demolished concurrent with HOPE VI policy. Just across Florida Avenue from that are the Florida Projects once stood. Nearby was the Agriculture Street Landfill , an old city dump that was covered over and made into a neighborhood of low-income housing, then became a Superfund toxic cleanup site. The area along the riverfront was developed first, at

4692-409: Was laid." In October 2022, WLAE-TV aired a documentary about the village, "Battlegrounds: The Lost Community of Fazendeville." As part of its educational outreach for the program, the public television presented a special screening of the documentary at the St. Bernard Docville Farm in Violet on October 30. The event was supported by the Mereux Foundation. From December 9, 2022, to January 29, 2023,

4761-525: Was subsequently established on April 16, 1868. "A one-street community of 33 lots evolved over the years," according to historian Ron Chapman, who notes that the 1888 state census documented a total of seventeen families who were residents of the community that year. Social structures within the village also began to emerge during this time. In 1881, residents of Fazendeville formed the Progressive Mutual Aid and Benevolent Association "to provide medical treatment and other kinds of relief for its members, including

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