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40-633: The lake is located southeast of Villach in the Drava Valley, below the northern slope of the Karawanks mountain range beneath Mt. Mittagskogel (Kepa). The settlements of Drobollach and Egg on the northern shore belong to the City of Villach. The village of Faak to the southwest, after which the lake is named, is part of the municipality of Finkenstein . It is the only lake in Carinthia located on

80-538: A part of the municipal area St. Martin was incorporated. In 1973 the city area was further enlarged through the incorporation of Landskron, Maria Gail and Fellach. Villach has a cool summer humid continental climate ( Köppen Dfb ). The oldest human traces found in Villach date back to the late Neolithic . Many Roman artifacts have been discovered in the city and its vicinity, as it was near an important Roman road (today called Römerweg ) leading from Italy into

120-673: A ritual in Slovene was performed at the Prince's Stone; then a mass was held at the cathedral of Maria Saal ( Gospa Sveta ); and subsequently, a ceremony took place at the Duke's Chair ( Vojvodski stol , German: Herzogsstuhl ), where the new Duke swore an oath in German and where he also received the homage of the estates . The Duke's Chair is located at Zollfeld valley, north of Klagenfurt in modern Carinthia , Austria. The ceremony

160-458: Is of Celtic origin and derived from * karant- meaning 'friend, ally'. Its Slavic name * korǫtanъ was adopted from the Latin * carantanum . The toponym Carinthia (Slovene: Koroška < Proto-Slavic *korǫt’ьsko ) is also claimed to be etymologically related, deriving from pre-Slavic * carantia . In Slovenian, Korotan remained a synonym for both Carinthia and Carantania well into

200-689: Is particularly notable for the ancient ritual of installing Carantanian dukes (or princes, both an approximate translation of Knez / Knyaz / Fürst ), a practice that continued after Carantania was incorporated into the later Duchy of Carinthia . It was last performed in 1414, when the Habsburg Ernest the Iron was enthroned as Duke of Carinthia. The ritual took place on the Prince's Stone (Slovene Knežji kamen , German Fürstenstein ), an ancient Roman column capital near Krnski grad (now Karnburg ) and

240-677: Is the seventh-largest city in Austria and the second-largest in the federal state of Carinthia . It is an important traffic junction for southern Austria and the whole Alpe-Adria region. As of January 2018 , the population is 61,887. Together with other Alpine towns Villach engages in the Alpine Town of the Year Association for the implementation of the Alpine Convention to achieve sustainable development in

280-464: The Eastern Alps region is assumed to be connected to the collapse of local dioceses in the late 6th century, a change in population and material culture , and most importantly, in the establishment of a Slavic language group in the area. The territory settled by Slavs, however, was also inhabited by the remains of the indigenous Romanized population, which preserved Christianity. Slavs in both

320-709: The Noricum province established in 15 BC. At the time, a mansio named Sanctium was probably located at the hot spring in the present-day Warmbad quarter south of the city centre. After the Migration Period and the Slavic settlement of the Eastern Alps about 600 AD, the area became part of the Carantania principality. When about 740 Prince Boruth enlisted the aid of Duke Odilo of Bavaria against

360-464: The 19th and early 20th century. Nowadays, Karantanija is used for the early medieval Slavic principality, while Koroška for the duchy and region that emerged from it from the 10th century onward. The name, like most toponyms beginning with * Kar(n)- in this area of Europe, are in turn most likely linked to the pre-Roman tribe of the Carni that once populated the eastern Alps. Carantania's capital

400-451: The 2015 elections: The city government of Villach (Stadtsenat) consists of seven members. It is chaired by the mayor, who is directly elected by the people. The other members—two vice-mayors and four town councillors—are appointed by the municipal council, with party affiliations according to the election results. In the March 2015 elections, Günther Albel was elected with 55.46 per cent of

440-714: The 6th century Chur was also conquered by the Franks . Between the 9th and 10th centuries, the Alpine Slavs , who are reckoned to be among the ancestors of present-day Slovenes, settled the eastern areas of the Friuli region. They settled in the easternmost mountainous areas of Friuli, known as the Friulian Slavia , as well as the Karst Plateau and the area north and south from Gorizia. Slavic settlement in

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480-780: The Alpine Arc. In 1997, Villach was the first town to be awarded Alpine Town of the Year. Villach is a statutory city , on the Drau River near its confluence with the Gail tributary, at the western rim of the Klagenfurt basin. The municipal area stretches from the slopes of the Gailtal Alps (Mt. Dobratsch) down to Lake Ossiach in the northeast. The Villach city limits comprise the following districts and villages: In 1905

520-623: The Austrian Anschluss to Nazi Germany in 1938, the mayor of Villach was Oskar Kraus, an enthusiastic Nazi . On 9 November 1938 Villach was a site of the nationwide Kristallnacht pogroms with violent attacks on the Jewish population. A memorial for the 1919 border conflict that led to the Carinthian Plebiscite caused controversy when it was inaugurated in 2002, as Kraus, who had not been especially prominent in

560-543: The Avars were defeated at Constantinople . In 658 Samo died and his Tribal Union disintegrated. A smaller part of the original March of the Slavs, centred north of modern Klagenfurt, preserved independence and came to be known as Carantania . The name Carantania itself begins to appear in historical sources soon after 660. The first clear indication of a specific ethnic identity and political organisation may be recognised in

600-487: The Eastern Alps and the Pannonian region are assumed to be originally subject to Avar rulers ( kagans ). After Avar rule weakened around 610, a relatively independent March of the Slavs ( marca Vinedorum ), governed by a duke , emerged in southern Carinthia in the early 7th century. Historical sources mention Valuk as the duke of Slavs ( Wallux dux Winedorum ). The year 626 brought an end to Avar dominance over Slavs, as

640-583: The German, assumed his title of King of the East Franks and became the first Duke of Carinthia. The city of Chur suffered several invasions by the Magyars in 925-926, when the cathedral was destroyed. In the area of Carantania 954–979 exist Slavic parish "pagus Crouuati" ( Croats ) which is mentioned in royal charters, ruled by count Hartwig in the name of the German king. The principality of Carantania

680-584: The Villach parish became a centre of the new faith within the Carinthian estates, which entailed harsh Counter-Reformation measures by the ecclesiastical rulers. From about 1600, numerous residents were forced to leave the town, precipitating an economic decline. In 1759 the Habsburg empress Maria Theresa formally purchased the Bamberg territories in Carinthia for a price of one million florins . Villach

720-501: The adjacent estates along the strategically important route to Italy up to Pontafel , which they retained until 1759 while the surrounding Carinthian ducal lands passed to the Austrian House of Habsburg in 1335. Villach received market rights in 1060, though it was not mentioned as a town in records until about 1240. The parish church dedicated to St. James was first documented in 1136. Emperor Frederick II conferred

760-544: The ancestors of the present-day Slovenes and partially also Austrians . Other ethnic strong element included the descendants of the Romanised aboriginal peoples ( Noricans ), which is attestable on the basis of a recent DNA analysis and a number of place names. It is also possible that traces of Dulebes , Avars , Bulgars , Croats and the Germanic peoples were present among Carantanians . In its early stages,

800-878: The area of the Upper Sava River and in 591 they arrived in the Upper Drava region, where they soon fought the Bavarians under Duke Tassilo I . In 592 the Bavarians won, but three years later in 595 the Slavic-Avar army gained victory and thus consolidated the boundary between the Frankish and the Avar territories. By that time, today's East Tyrol and Carinthia came to be referred to in historical sources as Provincia Sclaborum (the Country of Slavs). In

840-399: The citizens the right to hold an annual fair on the feast of 25 July ( Jakobitag ) in 1222. The 1348 Friuli earthquake devastated large parts of the town; another devastating earthquake occurred in 1690. There were also several fires in Villach, which destroyed many buildings. The first documented mayor took office in the 16th century. From 1526 onwards, many citizens turned Protestant and

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880-432: The conflict, was the only person named. During World War II , allied forces bombed Villach 37 times. About 42,500 bombs killed 300 people and damaged 85% of the buildings. Nevertheless, the city quickly recovered. Today, Villach is a bustling city with commerce and recreation, yet it retains its historic background. The municipal council ( Gemeinderat ) consists of 45 members, with the mayor as president, and following

920-519: The famous chronicler Giovanni Villani (c. 1275–1348), and Giovanni Boccaccio (1313–1375), who wrote that the Brenta River rises from the mountains of Carantania, a land in the Alps dividing Italy from Germany. The population of ancient Carantania had a polyethnic structure. The core stratum was represented by two groups of Slavs who had settled in the Eastern Alps region in 6th century and are

960-825: The first known bishop is one Asinio in AD 451. In the aftermath of the Gothic War (535-554), the Byzantine Empire found itself unable to prevent the Germanic tribe of the Lombards from invading Italy and founding a kingdom there . The territory left behind by the Lombards in Pannonia was subsequently settled by Slavs (with the help of their Avar overlords) in the last decades of the 6th century. In 588 they reached

1000-514: The geographical term Carantanum which Paul the Deacon used in reference to the year 664, and in connection to which he also mentioned a specific Slavic people ( gens Sclavorum ) living there. When about 740 Prince Boruth asked the Bavarian duke Odilo for help against the pressing danger posed by Avar tribes from the east, Carantania lost its independence. Boruth's successors had to accept

1040-525: The invading Avars , he had to accept Bavarian overlordship. An 878 deed of donation, issued by the Carolingian ruler Carloman of Bavaria , mentioned a bridge ( ad pontem Uillach ) near the royal court of Treffen , in what is today Villach. In 979 Emperor Otto II enfeoffed Bishop Albuin of Brixen with the Villach manor. After his death, King Henry II in 1007 ceded the settlement to the newly established Bishopric of Bamberg . The bishops also held

1080-608: The language of Carantanian Slavs was essentially Proto-Slavic . In Slovenian linguistic literature and reference books it is sometimes provisionally termed Alpine Slavic ( alpska slovanščina ). Its Proto-Slavic character can be deduced from language contacts of Alpine Slavs with the remainders of the Romanised aboriginal population, later also with Bavarians . The adopted Pre-Slavic placenames and river names and their subsequent phonetic development in Alpine Slavic, as well as Bavarian records of Alpine Slavic names, shed light on

1120-531: The later Carantania state, which was under the feudal overlordship of the Carolingians , and its successor (the March of Carinthia , 826–976), as well as of the later Duchy of Carinthia (from 976), extended beyond historical Carantania. In the 4th century Chur became the seat of the first Christian bishopric north to the Alps . Despite a legend assigning its foundation to an alleged Briton king, St. Lucius,

1160-677: The local priest Franc Treiber to compose the song Nmav čez izaro (Over the Lake), which soon became one of the best-known Slovene folk songs , and still today is considered the unofficial anthem of the Carinthian Slovenes . [REDACTED] Media related to Faeker See at Wikimedia Commons This Carinthia location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Villach Villach ( German pronunciation: [ˈfɪlax] ; Slovene : Beljak ; Italian : Villaco ; Friulian : Vilac )

1200-492: The overlordship of Bavaria and the semifeudal Frankish kingdom , ruled by Charlemagne from 771 to 814. Charlemagne also put an end to the invasions undertaken by the Avars, who had regained eastern parts of Carantania between 745 and 795. In 828, Carantania finally became a margraviate of the Carolingian Empire . The local princes were deposed for following the anti-Frankish rebellion of Ljudevit Posavski ,

1240-534: The prince of Slavs of Lower Pannonia , and replaced by a Germanic (primarily Bavarian) ascendancy. By the 843 Treaty of Verdun , it passed into the hands of Louis the German (804–876) who, according to the Annales Fuldenses (863), gave the title of a "prefect of the Carantanians" ( praelatus Carantanis ) to his eldest son Carloman . In 887 Arnulf of Carinthia (850–899), a grandson of Louis

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1280-536: The right bank of Drava River). Lake Faak, known for its clear turquoise water, is a popular tourist destination with a wide range of hotels and restaurants on the shore. European Bike Week , the largest motorcycle rally in Europe, is annually held at the lake in September. Fishing, especially for whitefish ( Reinanke ) but also for carp , pike , wels , and zander , is quite common. In 1855, Lake Faak inspired

1320-501: The territory of the modern Slovenian province of Carinthia . The few existing historical sources distinguish between two separate Slavic principalities in the Eastern Alpine area: Carantania and Carniola . The latter, which appears in historical records dating from the late 8th century, was situated in the central part of modern Slovenia. It was (at least by name) the predecessor of the later Duchy of Carniola . The borders of

1360-495: The votes cast. Villach is twinned with: There are several festivals throughout the year: Carantania Timeline Carantania , also known as Carentania ( Slovene : Karantanija , German : Karantanien , in Old Slavic * Korǫtanъ ), was a Slavic principality that emerged in the second half of the 7th century , in the territory of present-day southern Austria and north-eastern Slovenia . It

1400-602: Was decisively promoted by a western branch of the Southern Railway line, which finally reached Villach in 1864, providing growth and expansion. By 1880, the town had a population of 6,104. In World War I , Villach near the Italian front was the seat of the 10th Army command of the Austro-Hungarian Army . The town obtained statutory city status during the interwar period on 1 January 1932. After

1440-496: Was first described by the chronicler John of Viktring on the occasion of the coronation of Meinhard II of Tyrol in 1286. It is also mentioned in Jean Bodin 's book Six livres de la République in 1576. Chronicle of Fredegar mentions Carantania as Sclauvinia , Dante Alighieri (1265–1321) mentions Carantania as Chiarentana . The same name was also used by Florentines, such as the poet Fazio degli Uberti (circa 1309–1367),

1480-624: Was incorporated into the "hereditary lands" of the Habsburg monarchy and became the administrative seat of a Carinthian district. During the Napoleonic Wars , the city was occupied by French troops and became part of the short-lived Illyrian Provinces from 1809, until it was re-conquered by the forces of the Austrian Empire in 1813 and incorporated into the Austrian Kingdom of Illyria by 1816. The city's economy

1520-670: Was most likely Karnburg ( Slovene : Krnski grad ) in the Zollfeld Field ( Slovene : Gosposvetsko polje ), north of modern-day town of Klagenfurt ( Slovene : Celovec ). The principality was centered in the area of modern Carinthia , and included territories of modern Styria , most of today's East Tyrol and of the Puster Valley , the Lungau and Ennspongau regions of Salzburg , and parts of southern Upper Austria and Lower Austria . It most probably also included

1560-763: Was performed in Slovene by a free peasant who, selected by his peers, in the name of the people of the land questioned the new Prince about his integrity and reminded him of his duties. Later, when the Duchy of Carinthia had fallen to the Habsburgs, the idea that it was actually the people from whom the Duke of Carinthia received his legitimation was the basis of the Habsburgs' claim to the unique title of Archduke. The coronation of Carinthian Dukes consisted of three parts: first,

1600-539: Was the predecessor of the March of Carinthia , created within the Carolingian Empire in 889. The name Carantania is of proto- Slavic origin. Paul the Deacon mentions Slavs in Carnuntum , which is erroneously called Carantanum ( Carnuntum, quod corrupte vocitant Carantanum ). A possible etymological explanation is that it may have been formed from a toponymic base carant- which ultimately derives from pre- Indo-European root * karra meaning 'rock', or that it

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