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35-539: Fabia may refer to: Fabia gens , an ancient Roman family Fabia, the daughter of Marcus Fabius Ambustus (consular tribune 381 BC) Fabia (given name) , an Italian feminine given name derived from masculine Fabio Fabia Arete , Roman actress Fabia Eudokia , a Byzantine empress Fabia (crab) , a genus of crab in the family Pinnotheridae Fabia (Latium) , an ancient city in Latium Fabia Sheen,

70-623: A bird resembling a flamingo on the coins of Gaius Fabius Hadrianus, who may have sought to associate himself with that family by the use of such a symbol. Hadrianus and his descendants form the last distinguishable family of the Fabii. Their surname was probably derived from the Latin colony of Hatria , and it is likely that they were not lineal descendants of the Fabii Buteones, but newly-enfranchised citizens. The flamingo might also allude to

105-568: A fictional character from the Bakugan franchise Škoda Fabia , an automobile Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Fabia . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fabia&oldid=1000546424 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

140-573: A truce to attack the Gauls at Clusium . Throughout the history of the Republic, the Fabii made several alliances with other prominent families, especially plebeian and Italian ones, which partly explains their long prominence. The first of such alliances that can be traced dates from the middle of the fifth century and was with the Poetelii ; it lasted for at least a century. In the fourth century,

175-525: A type of hawk, was originally given to a member of the Fabia gens because such a bird on one occasion settled upon his ship with a favorable omen. This tradition, related by Plinius, does not indicate which of the Fabii first obtained this surname, but it was probably one of the Fabii Ambusti. Crawford suggests that the buteo of the legend was not a hawk, but a flamingo , based on the appearance of

210-478: Is a complete mystery. Until 480 BC, the Fabii were staunch supporters of the aristocratic policies favoring the patricians and the senate against the plebs . However, following a great battle that year against the Veientes , in which victory was achieved only by cooperation between the generals and their soldiers, the Fabii aligned themselves with the plebs. One of the thirty-five voting tribes into which

245-486: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Fabia gens The family is generally thought to have been counted amongst the gentes maiores , the most prominent of the patrician houses at Rome, together with the Aemilii , Claudii , Cornelii , Manlii , and Valerii ; but no list of the gentes maiores has survived, and even the number of families so designated

280-733: Is no reason to doubt the historicity of the battle, because the tribus Fabia —presumably where the Fabii had their country estates—was located near the Cremera, on the border with Veii. The day on which the Fabii perished was forever remembered, as it was the same day that the Gauls defeated the Roman army at the Battle of the Allia in 390 BC. The Gauls had marched on Rome only in retaliation after Quintus Fabius Ambustus , sent as an ambassador, broke

315-528: The overthrow of the Roman monarchy in 509 BC, the Roman Republic and its neighbour Veii had been at peace. Conflict erupted, however, in 483 BC with a series of clashes that occurred almost annually. Rome was victorious in a close-fought battle in 480 BC; nevertheless, hostilities continued. In 479 BC, the family of the Fabii offered to take the Roman responsibility for the war upon themselves, which

350-566: The Fabia gens at the end of the 3rd century BC. A variety of surnames associated with the Aemilii were also used by this family, and one of the Fabii was called Africanus Fabius Maximus , although his proper name was Quintus Fabius Maximus Africanus . In a manuscript of Cicero, Servius appears among the Fabii Pictores, but this seems to have been a corruption in the manuscript, which originally read Numerius . The cognomina of

385-563: The Fabian camp at the Cremera, in order to lure the Romans from their camp and into an ambush. The Romans pursued the herd and scattered to capture the animals. At that point, the Veientes sprang from their hiding places and surrounded the Fabii. The Veientes were superior in number; however, the Romans formed a wedge formation, broke through and reached a hill, where they successfully repulsed

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420-512: The Fabii Ambusti and some later branches of the family used the praenomen Gaius , Quintus is the name most frequently associated with the Fabii of the later Republic. The Fabii Maximi used it almost to the exclusion of all other names until the end of the Republic, when they revived the ancient praenomen Paullus . This was done in honor of the Aemilii Paulli, from whom the later Fabii Maximi were descended, having been adopted into

455-471: The Fabii and the Cornelii Scipiones. The death of Fabius Verrucosus in 203 marks the end of the Fabian leadership on Roman politics, by now assumed by their rivals: Scipio Africanus and his family. After the consulship of Fabius Maximus Eburnus in 116, the Fabii entered a century-long eclipse, until their temporary revival under Augustus . The name of the Fabii was associated with one of

490-469: The Fabii bore the cognomen Vibulanus , which may allude to an ancestral home of the gens. The surname Ambustus , meaning "burnt", replaced Vibulanus at the end of the fifth century BC; the first of the Fabii to be called Ambustus was a descendant of the Vibulani. The most celebrated stirps of the Fabia gens, which bore the surname Maximus , was in turn descended from the Fabii Ambusti. This family

525-476: The Fabii favored the praenomina Caeso , Quintus , and Marcus . They were the only patrician gens to make regular use of Numerius , which appears in the family after the destruction of the Fabii at the Cremera. According to the tradition related by Festus , this praenomen entered the gens when Quintus Fabius Vibulanus , the consul of 467, married a daughter of Numerius Otacilius of Maleventum, and bestowed his father-in-law's name on his son. Although

560-696: The Fabii had significant estates, the Fulvii and Mamilii from Tusculum , the Otacili from Beneventum , the Ogulnii from Etruria , and the Marcii . They also sponsored the emergence of the Caecilii Metelli and Porcii , who owed their first consulate to the Fabii, as well as the re-emergence of the patrician Quinctii . The main direction of the second war against Carthage was disputed between

595-540: The Fabii into the same tradition as the Pinarii and Potitii, who were said to have welcomed Hercules and learned from him the sacred rites which for centuries afterward they performed in his honor. Another early legend stated that at the founding of Rome, the followers of the brothers Romulus and Remus were called the Quinctilii and the Fabii, respectively. The brothers were said to have offered up sacrifices in

630-429: The Fabii under the Republic were Ambustus, Buteo, Dorso or Dorsuo, Labeo, Licinus, Maximus (with the agnomina Aemilianus, Allobrogicus, Eburnus, Gurges, Rullianus, Servilianus , and Verrucosus ), Pictor , and Vibulanus . Other cognomina belonged to persons who were not, strictly speaking, members of the gens, but who were freedmen or the descendants of freedmen, or who had been enrolled as Roman citizens under

665-511: The Fabii were allied to the patrician Manlii and the plebeian Genucii and Licinii , whom they supported during the Conflict of the Orders . They then occupied an unprecedented leading position in the third century, as three generations of Fabii were princeps senatus —a unique occurrence during the Republic. During this period, they allied with the plebeian Atilii from Campania , where

700-412: The Fabii were said to have first cultivated. A more fanciful explanation derives the name from fovea , ditches, which the ancestors of the Fabii were said to have used in order to capture wolves. It is uncertain whether the Fabii were of Latin or Sabine origin. Niebuhr , followed by Göttling, considered them Sabines. However, other scholars are unsatisfied with their reasoning, and point out that

735-470: The Fabii. The only cognomina appearing on coins are Hispaniensis, Labeo, Maximus , and Pictor . In imperial times it becomes difficult to distinguish between members of the gens and unrelated persons sharing the same nomen. Members of the gens are known as late as the second century, but persons bearing the name of Fabius continue to appear into the latest period of the Empire. The eldest branch of

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770-417: The Roman people were divided was named after the Fabii; several tribes were named after important gentes, including the tribes Aemilia, Claudia, Cornelia, Fabia, Papiria, Publilia, Sergia , and Veturia . Several of the others appear to have been named after lesser families. The most famous legend of the Fabii asserts that, following the last of the seven consecutive consulships in 479 BC, the gens undertook

805-455: The Roman senate accepted. The Fabii built a camp on the Cremera , from which they harassed Veii and held back its raids on Rome. The Fabii were successful in the fighting in 478 BC and 477 BC prior to the main battle which followed. The Veientes, embarrassed by their lack of success, formed plans for an ambush of the Fabii. The Veientes led a herd of cattle along a road, at a distance from

840-624: The beginning of the second century BC; Quintus Fabius Labeo, the first of that name, was also a poet, but his line vanished before the end of the century. Battle of the Cremera The Battle of the Cremera was fought between the Roman Republic and the Etruscan city of Veii , in 477   BC ( AUC   277). It most likely occurred on 18 July, although Ovid gives a different date of 13 February. Since

875-426: The causes of the plebeians. The Fabian militia remained in their camp on the Cremera for two years, successfully opposing the Veientes, until at last, on the fifteenth day before the kalends of Sextilis—July 18, 477 BC—they were lured into an ambush and destroyed . Three hundred and six Fabii of fighting age were said to have perished in the disaster, leaving only a single survivor to return home. By some accounts he

910-639: The cave of the Lupercal at the base of the Palatine Hill , which became the origin of the Lupercalia. This story is certainly connected with the tradition that the two colleges of the Luperci bore the names of these ancient gentes. The nomen of the Fabii is said originally to have been Fovius, Favius , or Fodius; Plinius stated that it was derived from faba , a bean, a vegetable which

945-464: The city of Rome was to be built. The hills of Rome were already inhabited at the time of the city's legendary founding, and they stood in the hinterland between the Latins, Sabines, and Etruscans . Even if many the followers of Romulus and Remus were Latins from the ancient city of Alba Longa , many may also have been Sabines already living in the surrounding countryside. The earliest generations of

980-548: The family's coastal origins. The surname Pictor , borne by another family of the Fabii, signifies a painter, and the earliest known member of this family was indeed a painter, famed for his work in the temple of Salus , built by Gaius Junius Bubulcus Brutus between 307 and 302 BC. The later members of this family, several of whom were distinguished in the arts, appear to have been his descendants, and must have taken their cognomen from this ancestor. The cognomen Labeo —originally denoting someone with prominent lips —appears at

1015-517: The initial Veientine attacks, until some of the Veientes went around the Romans to attack them from the rear, uphill from the Romans. All of the Fabii were slaughtered save Quintus Fabius Vibulanus , who was too young to be sent to war. Upon hearing of the grave defeat, the Roman Senate sent the consul Titus Menenius Lanatus with an army against the Veientes, but the Romans were defeated once again. The Veientes marched on Rome, and occupied

1050-454: The legend associating the Fabii with Romulus and Remus would place them at Rome before the incorporation of the Sabines into the nascent Roman state. It may nonetheless be noted that, even supposing this tradition to be based on actual historical events, the followers of the brothers were described as "shepherds," and presumably included many of the people then living in the countryside where

1085-555: The state, or opened to the Roman populus; a well-known legend attributed the destruction of the Potitii to the abandonment of its religious office. In later times the privilege of the Lupercalia had ceased to be confined to the Fabii and the Quinctilii. According to legend, the Fabii claimed descent from Hercules, who visited Italy a generation before the Trojan War , and from Evander , his host, through Fabius . This brought

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1120-639: The two colleges of the Luperci , the priests who carried on the sacred rites of the ancient religious festival of the Lupercalia . The other college bore the name of the Quinctilii , suggesting that in the earliest times these two gentes superintended these rites as a sacrum gentilicum , much as the Pinarii and Potitii maintained the worship of Hercules . Such sacred rites were gradually transferred to

1155-424: The war with Veii as a private obligation. A militia consisting of over three hundred men of the gens, together with their friends and clients, a total of some four thousand men, stationed itself in arms on a hill overlooking the Cremera , a small river between Rome and Veii. The cause of this secession is said to have been the enmity between the Fabii and the patricians, who regarded them as traitors for advocating

1190-518: Was famous for its statesmen and its military exploits, which lasted from the Samnite Wars , in the fourth century BC until the wars with the Germanic invaders of the second century BC. Most, if not all of the later Fabii Maximi were descendants of Quintus Fabius Maximus Aemilianus , one of the Aemilii Paulli, who as a child was adopted into that illustrious family. Buteo , which described

1225-515: Was the only survivor of the entire gens; but it seems unlikely that the camp of the Fabii included not only all of the men, but the women and children of the family as well. They and the elders of the gens probably remained at Rome. This story was considerably embellished at a later date in order to present the Battle of the Cremera as a Roman counterpart to the Greek Battle of Thermopylae . However, historian Tim Cornell writes that there

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