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36-615: When the graded stakes race system was implemented in the United States in 1973, the Falls City Handicap was awarded Grade 3 status. Reviewed annually, in 2002 it was upgraded to a Grade 2 level. Most wins Most wins by a jockey Most wins by a trainer Most wins by an owner Graded stakes race A graded stakes race is a thoroughbred horse race in the United States that meets

72-512: A metabolic alkalosis due to hypochloremia and hypokalemia . The drug should, therefore, not be used in horses that are dehydrated or experiencing kidney failure. It should be used with caution in horses with liver problems or electrolyte abnormalities. Overdose may lead to dehydration, change in drinking patterns and urination, seizures, gastrointestinal problems, kidney damage, lethargy, collapse, and coma. Furosemide should be used with caution when combined with corticosteroids (as this increases

108-632: A Grade II race, unless the committee feels the quality of the race was sufficient to warrant Grade I. In the United States and Canada, a graded race can be dormant for one year without losing its grade. The following races have been downgraded from Grade I status since 2010: The Donn Handicap was discontinued after its 2016 edition; its Grade I status was transferred to the Pegasus World Cup , which held its first edition in 2017 The following races have been upgraded to Grade I status since 2010: Furosemide Furosemide , sold under

144-409: A level in 2013. The American Graded Stakes Committee grades only races that: In 2008, the committee began requiring that toe grabs on the horseshoe , designed to improve traction, be no longer than 2 millimeters. This was in response to studies by Susan Stover showing that such toe grabs substantially increase the risk of catastrophic racing injuries. Recently, racing officials have also banned

180-419: A number of years. For graded turf races, track conditions (normally excessive rain) may sometimes force the race to be run on the main (dirt) track. If this happens, the race is automatically downgraded by one grade level for that running only. The Committee then reviews the race within five days and may restore the original grade. For example, a Grade I turf race that is switched to the dirt will be recorded as

216-405: A purse of at least $ 300,000, but not all races with such high purses are Grade I. For example, a racetrack may offer a high purse to attract better fields so the race will be upgraded in future years. The grade level is assigned by looking at data that indicates quality of the field for the last five years. In order to achieve or maintain a Grade I, it is necessary to attract a competitive field over

252-465: A race. In the United States of America, pursuant to the racing rules of most states, horses that bleed from the nostrils ( exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage ) three times are permanently barred from racing. Sometime in the early 1970s, furosemide's ability to prevent, or at least greatly reduce, the incidence of bleeding by horses during races was discovered accidentally. Clinical trials followed, and by decade's end, racing commissions in some states in

288-578: Is a known ototoxic agent generally causing transient hearing loss but can be permanent. Reported cases of furosemide induced hearing loss appeared to be associated with rapid intravenous administration, high dosages, concomitant renal disease and coadministration with other ototoxic medication. However, a recently reported longitudinal study showed that participants treated with loop diuretics over 10 years were 40% more likely to develop hearing loss and 33% more likely of progressive hearing loss compared to participants who did not use loop diuretics. This suggests

324-722: Is the INN and BAN . The previous BAN was frusemide. Brand names under which furosemide is marketed include: Aisemide, Apo-Furosemide, Beronald, Desdemin, Discoid, Diural, Diurapid, Dryptal, Durafurid, Edemid, Errolon, Eutensin, Farsiretic, Flusapex, Frudix, Frusemide, Frusetic, Frusid, Fulsix, Fuluvamide, Furantril, Furesis, Furix, Furo-Puren, Furon, Furosedon, Fusid.frusone, Hydro-rapid, Impugan, Katlex, Lasilix, Lasix, Lodix, Lowpston, Macasirool, Mirfat, Nicorol, Odemase, Oedemex, Profemin, Rosemide, Rusyde, Salix, Seguril, Teva-Furosemide, Trofurit, Uremide, and Urex. The diuretic effects are put to use most commonly in horses to prevent bleeding during

360-508: Is the official supplier of racing information and statistics to America's Best Racing , Breeders' Cup , Daily Racing Form , NTRA , The Jockey Club , TRA, TVG , and Xpressbet . A notable exception to the change in format being the three New York Racing Association tracks. Fasig-Tipto began including grading information in 1975, Keeneland Association in 1976, and Daily Racing Form in 1978. In 1998, Canada began to grade Canadian races independently. Listed stakes were first added as

396-416: The potassium-sparing diuretic amiloride ( Co-amilofruse ). Other electrolyte abnormalities that can result from furosemide use include hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hypomagnesemia, and hypocalcemia. In the treatment of heart failure, many studies have shown that the long-term use of furosemide can cause varying degrees of thiamine deficiency , so thiamine supplementation is also suggested. Furosemide

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432-571: The USA began legalizing its use on race horses. In 1995, New York became the last state in the United States to approve such use, after years of refusing to consider doing so. Some states allow its use for all racehorses; some allow it only for confirmed "bleeders". Its use for this purpose is still prohibited in many other countries. Furosemide is also used in horses for pulmonary edema, congestive heart failure (in combination with other drugs), and allergic reactions. Although it increases circulation to

468-545: The United States, it is available as a generic medication . In 2022, it was the 24th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 23   million prescriptions. In 2020/21 it was the twentieth most prescribed medication in England. It is on the World Anti-Doping Agency 's banned drug list due to concerns that it may mask other drugs. It has also been used in race horses for

504-412: The brain or lungs where rapid diuresis is required ( IV injection), and in the management of severe hypercalcemia in combination with adequate rehydration. In chronic kidney diseases with hypoalbuminemia , furosemide is used along with albumin to increase diuresis. It is also used along with albumin in nephrotic syndrome to reduce edema. Furosemide is mainly excreted by tubular secretion in

540-575: The brand name Lasix among others, is a loop diuretic medication used to treat edema due to heart failure , liver scarring , or kidney disease . Furosemide may also be used for the treatment of high blood pressure . It can be taken intravenously or orally . When given intravenously, furosemide typically takes effect within five minutes; when taken orally, it typically metabolizes within an hour. Common side effects include orthostatic hypotension (decrease in blood pressure while standing, and associated lightheadedness ), tinnitus (ringing in

576-761: The criteria of the American Graded Stakes Committee of the Thoroughbred Owners and Breeders Association (TOBA). A specific grade level (I, II, III or listed) is then assigned to the race, based on statistical analysis of the quality of the field in previous years, provided the race meets the minimum purse criteria for the grade in question. In Canada, a similar grading system is maintained by the Jockey Club of Canada . Graded stakes races are similar to Group races in Europe but

612-524: The discontinued Donn Handicap . There are four grade levels, from Listed at the bottom to Grade I at the top. The latter are higher-class races for bigger prizes for horses of the same age group (2, 3 or 3 and up) and may further be restricted by sex. The weight conditions of the races may vary provided they meet the committee's standards to ensure competitiveness. Many grade I races are " weight-for-age ", with weights adjusted only according to age and sex, and also there are "set weights" where all horses carry

648-408: The ears), and photosensitivity (sensitivity to light). Potentially serious side effects include electrolyte abnormalities , low blood pressure , and hearing loss . It is recommended that serum electrolytes (especially potassium ), serum CO 2 , creatinine , BUN levels, and liver and kidney functioning be monitored in patients taking furosemide. It is also recommended to be alert for

684-464: The grading is more dynamic in North America. A high grading can also be used by racetracks to promote the race in question. When determining Eclipse Award winners, racing journalists will consider the number and grade of a horse's stakes wins during the year. In general, stakes race refers to the stake, or entry fee, owners must pay, which generally forms part of the prize money offered to

720-434: The kidney. In kidney impairment, clearance is reduced, increasing the risk of adverse effects. Lower initial doses are recommended in older patients (to minimize side-effects) and high doses may be needed in kidney failure . It can also cause kidney damage; this is mainly by loss of excessive fluid (i.e., dehydration), and is usually reversible. Furosemide acts within 1 hour of oral administration (after IV injection,

756-562: The kidneys, it does not help kidney function, and is not recommended for kidney disease. It is also used to treat congestive heart failure (pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, and/or ascites) in cats and dogs. Furosemide is injected either intramuscularly or intravenously , usually 0.5-1.0 mg/kg twice/day, although less before a horse is raced. As with many diuretics, it can cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalance , including loss of potassium , calcium , sodium , and magnesium . Excessive use of furosemide will most likely lead to

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792-443: The large NaCl absorptive capacity of the loop of Henle, diuresis is not limited by development of acidosis, as it is with the carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Additionally, furosemide is a noncompetitive subtype-specific blocker of GABA-A receptors. Furosemide has been reported to reversibly antagonize GABA-evoked currents of α 6 β 2 γ 2 receptors at μM concentrations, but not α 1 β 2 γ 2 receptors. During development,

828-477: The long-term consequences of loop diuretics on hearing could be a more significant than previously thought and further research is required in this area.   Other precautions include: nephrotoxicity, sulfonamide (sulfa) allergy, and increases free thyroid hormone effects with large doses. Furosemide has potential interactions with these medications: Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs: Furosemide, like other loop diuretics, acts by inhibiting

864-511: The luminal Na–K–Cl cotransporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle , by binding to the Na-K-2Cl transporter, thus causing more sodium, chloride, and potassium to be excreted in the urine. The action on the distal tubules is independent of any inhibitory effect on carbonic anhydrase or aldosterone; it also abolishes the corticomedullary osmotic gradient and blocks negative, as well as positive, free water clearance . Because of

900-525: The occurrence of any potential blood dyscrasias . Furosemide is a type of loop diuretic that works by decreasing the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys. Common side effects of furosemide injection include hypokalemia (low potassium level), hypotension (low blood pressure), and dizziness. Furosemide was patented in 1959 and approved for medical use in 1964. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines . In

936-460: The peak effect is within 30 minutes). Diuresis is usually complete within 6–8 hours of oral administration, but there is significant variation between individuals. Furosemide also can lead to gout caused by hyperuricemia . Hyperglycemia is also a common side effect. The tendency, as for all loop diuretics, to cause low serum potassium concentration ( hypokalemia ) has given rise to combination products, either with potassium or with

972-520: The racetrack) may be eligible for grading if they meet the quality standards. European authorities implemented the Pattern race system in 1972 and requested that North America implement a similar method, leading to the development of the graded stakes system by TOBA in 1973. The first list of North American Graded Stakes was published in 1974. The original purpose of grading was to identify the most competitive races, which helps horsemen make comparisons of

1008-460: The rates of rehospitalisation associated with heart failure, with no difference in risk of death. Torsemide may also be safer than furosemide. Providing self-administered subcutaneous furosemide has been found to reduce hospital admissions in people with heart failure, resulting in significant savings in healthcare costs. Furosemide is also used for liver cirrhosis , kidney impairment , nephrotic syndrome , in adjunct therapy for swelling of

1044-702: The relative quality of bloodstock for breeding and sales purposes. When the race-grading program was being set up for its 1973 introduction by the American Thoroughbred Owners and Breeders Association it was done so as to match the data formatting in use by the British system being Grade I, Grade II, Grade III. However, the advent of the Internet meant that format would eventually be mostly abandoned in favor of G1, G2, G3. Used by TOBA itself, and most significantly by Equibase Company LLC that

1080-416: The risk of digoxin toxicity due to hypokalemia. It is recommended that furosemide not be used during pregnancy or in a lactating mare, as it has been shown to be passed through the placenta and milk in studies with other species. It should not be used in horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (Equine Cushing's Disease). Furosemide is detectable in urine 36–72 hours following injection. Its use

1116-447: The risk of electrolyte imbalance), aminoglycoside antibiotics (increases risk of kidney or ear damage), and trimethoprim sulfa (causes decreased platelet count). It may also cause interactions with anesthetics, so its use should be related to the veterinarian if the animal is going into surgery, and it decreases the kidneys' ability to excrete aspirin , so dosages will need to be adjusted if combined with that drug. Furosemide may increase

Falls City Stakes - Misplaced Pages Continue

1152-440: The same weight (usually applicable when all horses are of the same age and sex). Furthermore, there are "conditions" races, in which horses carry weights that are set by conditions, such as having won a certain number of races, or races of a certain value. Finally, some graded stakes are " handicaps ", in which an official handicapper assigns weights to each horse in an attempt to equalize the competition. All Grade I races must have

1188-607: The top finishers. Not all stakes races are eligible for grading. Notably, races that are restricted to horses bred in a specific state (e.g., the Tiznow Stakes for California-breds) or country (e.g., the races that make up the Canadian Triple Crown , all restricted to Canadian-breds) are excluded, regardless of the purse or quality of field. Conversely, some races that are not technically stakes races (usually invitational races where entry fees are not required by

1224-546: The treatment and prevention of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage . Furosemide is primarily used for the treatment of edema , but also in some cases of hypertension (where there is also kidney or heart impairment). It is often viewed as a first-line agent in most people with edema caused by congestive heart failure because of its anti-vasoconstrictor and diuretic effects. Compared with furosemide, however, torasemide (aka "torsemide") has been demonstrated to show improvements to heart failure symptoms, possibly lowering

1260-454: The use of furosemide (Lasix) in all Black Type races, which include graded and listed stakes races. A newly established race may inherit the graded status of a discontinued race if it is held at the same facility under essentially identical conditions as the discontinued race. For example, the inaugural running of the Pegasus World Cup in January 2017 was Grade I, inheriting the status of

1296-419: The α 6 β 2 γ 2 receptor increases in expression in cerebellar granule neurons, corresponding to increased sensitivity to furosemide. The pharmacokinetics of furosemide are apparently not significantly altered by food. No direct relationship has been found between furosemide concentration in the plasma and furosemide efficacy. Efficacy depends upon the concentration of furosemide in urine. Furosemide

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