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82-545: Bantam Books obtained the rights for a paperback novelization based on the screenplay and approached Isaac Asimov to write it. Because the novelization was released six months before the movie, many people mistakenly believed that the film was based on Asimov's book. Its modern and imaginative production design received five nominations at the 39th Academy Awards mostly in technical departments, winning for Best Visual Effects and Best Art Direction in Color . The movie used

164-536: A Navy ichthyology submarine at the Combined Miniature Deterrent Forces (CMDF) facilities. The submarine, named Proteus , is then miniaturized to "about the size of a microbe", and injected into Benes' body. The team has 60 minutes to get to and remove the clot; after this, Proteus and its crew will begin reverting to their normal size, become vulnerable to Benes's immune system, and kill Benes. The crew faces many obstacles during

246-446: A blue hue. The nucleus is bi- or tri-lobed, but it is hard to see because of the number of coarse granules that hide it. They secrete two chemicals that aid in the body's defenses: histamine and heparin . Histamine is responsible for widening blood vessels and increasing the flow of blood to injured tissue. It also makes blood vessels more permeable so neutrophils and clotting proteins can get into connective tissue more easily. Heparin

328-469: A carrier solution (presumably saline) used in the injection syringe. Isaac Asimov pointed out that this was a serious logical flaw in the plot, since the submarine (even if reduced to bits of debris) would also revert to normal size, killing Benes in the process. Therefore, in his novelization Asimov had the crew provoke the white cell into following them, so that it drags the submarine to the tear duct, and its wreckage expands outside Benes's body. Asimov solved

410-400: A literary critic, and in the case of Moby Dick , with a selection of critical essays on the novel appended as well. Authors originally published exclusively or significantly by Bantam include: White blood cell White blood cells (scientific name leukocytes ), also called immune cells or immunocytes , are cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting

492-409: A movie would be made. Asimov "was sent a suggested outline" that mirrored the movie Innerspace and "involved two vessels in the bloodstream, one American and one Soviet, and what followed was a kind of submicroscopic version of World War III." Asimov was against such an approach. Following a dispute between publishers, the original commissioners of the novel approached Philip José Farmer , who "wrote

574-451: A novel and sent [in] the manuscript" that was rejected despite "stick[ing] tightly to the outline [that was sent to Asimov]." "It dealt with World War III in the bloodstream, and it was full of action and excitement." Although Asimov urged the publisher to accept Farmer's manuscript, it was insisted that Asimov write the novel. So, Asimov eventually wrote the book in his own way (completely different in plot from what [Farmer] had written), which

656-453: A slight loss, but television sales moved it into the black, and subsequent home video sales were almost entirely profit. The film won two Academy Awards and was nominated for three more: After acquiring the film's paperback novelization rights, Bantam Books approached Isaac Asimov to write the novelization, offering him a flat sum of $ 5,000 with no royalties involved. In his autobiography In Joy Still Felt , Asimov writes, "I turned down

738-554: A stand-alone imprint within Random House; as of 2023, it continues to publish as the Bantam imprint, again grouped in a renamed Ballantine division within Random House. Bantam began as a mass market publisher, mostly of reprints of hardcover books, with some original paperbacks as well. It expanded into both trade paperback and hardcover books, including original works, often reprinted in house as mass-market editions. The company

820-475: A syringe that would inject the Proteus into the brain-injured scientist. The film starred Stephen Boyd, making his first Hollywood movie in five years. It was the first role at Fox for Raquel Welch, who was put under contract to the studio after being spotted in a beauty contest by Saul David's wife. For the technical and artistic elaboration of the subject, Fleischer asked for the collaboration of two people of

902-528: A thin strand. The cytoplasm is full of granules that assume a characteristic pink-orange color with eosin staining. Basophils are chiefly responsible for allergic and antigen response by releasing the chemical histamine causing the dilation of blood vessels . Because they are the rarest of the white blood cells (less than 0.5% of the total count) and share physicochemical properties with other blood cells, they are difficult to study. They can be recognized by several coarse, dark violet granules, giving them

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984-590: A weakened immune system. The name "white blood cell" derives from the physical appearance of a blood sample after centrifugation . White cells are found in the buffy coat , a thin, typically white layer of nucleated cells between the sedimented red blood cells and the blood plasma . The scientific term leukocyte directly reflects its description. It is derived from the Greek roots leuk - meaning "white" and cyt - meaning "cell". The buffy coat may sometimes be green if there are large amounts of neutrophils in

1066-522: Is qualitatively . There are various disorders in which the number of white blood cells is normal but the cells do not function normally. Neoplasia of white blood cells can be benign but is often malignant . Of the various tumors of the blood and lymph , cancers of white blood cells can be broadly classified as leukemias and lymphomas , although those categories overlap and are often grouped together. A range of disorders can cause decreases in white blood cells. This type of white blood cell decreased

1148-470: Is an anticoagulant that inhibits blood clotting and promotes the movement of white blood cells into an area. Basophils can also release chemical signals that attract eosinophils and neutrophils to an infection site. Lymphocytes are much more common in the lymphatic system than in blood. Lymphocytes are distinguished by having a deeply staining nucleus that may be eccentric in location, and a relatively small amount of cytoplasm. Lymphocytes include: Monocytes,

1230-446: Is an entertaining, enlightening excursion through inner space—the body of a man." Bosley Crowther of The New York Times wrote, "Yessir, for straight science-fiction, this is quite a film—the most colorful and imaginative since Destination Moon " (1950). Richard Schickel of Life magazine wrote that the rewards would be "plentiful" to audiences who get over the "real whopper" of suspended disbelief required. He found that though

1312-469: Is an important subset of the complete blood count . The normal white cell count is usually between 4 × 10 /L and 1.1 × 10 /L. In the US, this is usually expressed as 4,000 to 11,000 white blood cells per microliter of blood. White blood cells make up approximately 1% of the total blood volume in a healthy adult, making them substantially less numerous than the red blood cells at 40% to 45% . However, this 1% of

1394-638: Is by lineage: Myeloid cells (neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils) are distinguished from lymphoid cells (lymphocytes) by hematopoietic lineage ( cellular differentiation lineage). Lymphocytes can be further classified as T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells. Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cell, constituting 60–70% of the circulating leukocytes. They defend against bacterial or fungal infection. They are usually first responders to microbial infection; their activity and death in large numbers form pus . They are commonly referred to as polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes, although, in

1476-426: Is less frequently used now. Produced in the bone marrow , white blood cells defend the body against infections and disease . An excess of white blood cells is usually due to infection or inflammation. Less commonly, a high white blood cell count could indicate certain blood cancers or bone marrow disorders. The number of leukocytes in the blood is often an indicator of disease , and thus the white blood cell count

1558-427: Is most commonly caused by inflammation . There are four major causes: increase of production in bone marrow, increased release from storage in bone marrow, decreased attachment to veins and arteries, decreased uptake by tissues. Leukocytosis may affect one or more cell lines and can be neutrophilic, eosinophilic, basophilic, monocytosis, or lymphocytosis. Neutrophilia is an increase in the absolute neutrophil count in

1640-472: Is not complete. Symptoms of neutropenia are associated with the underlying cause of the decrease in neutrophils. For example, the most common cause of acquired neutropenia is drug-induced, so an individual may have symptoms of medication overdose or toxicity. Treatment is also aimed at the underlying cause of the neutropenia. One severe consequence of neutropenia is that it can increase the risk of infection. Defined as total lymphocyte count below 1.0x10 /L,

1722-422: Is nuclear-powered, surgeons and technicians outside Benes's body are still able to track their movements via a radioactive tracer, allowing General Alan Carter and Colonel Donald Reid, the officers in charge of CMDF, to figure out the crew's strategies as they make their way through the body. The sub enters the lymphatic system , but the reticular fibres start to interfere. The crew is then forced to pass through

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1804-418: Is usually the neutrophil. In this case the decrease may be called neutropenia or granulocytopenia. Less commonly, a decrease in lymphocytes (called lymphocytopenia or lymphopenia) may be seen. Neutropenia can be acquired or intrinsic . A decrease in levels of neutrophils on lab tests is due to either decreased production of neutrophils or increased removal from the blood. The following list of causes

1886-589: The Bantam Spectra science fiction imprint, the juvenile Skylark imprint, the Bantam Air & Space imprint, and editions of Shakespeare. The series was started in 1958. It reprints mostly public domain, unabridged classic books , intended to increase backlist sales and reintroduce the works to new audiences. More than a hundred books have been released in the series. Like competing editions, some Bantam Classics are printed with an introduction from

1968-475: The Proteus explore the body of a dead alien that crash-lands on earth, and updates the story with such modern concepts as nanotechnology (replacing killer white cells ). Plans for a sequel or remake have been in discussion since at least 1984, but as of the beginning of July 2015, the project remained stuck in development hell . In 1984, Isaac Asimov was approached to write Fantastic Voyage II , out of which

2050-464: The peripheral circulation . Normal blood values vary by age. Neutrophilia can be caused by a direct problem with blood cells (primary disease). It can also occur as a consequence of an underlying disease (secondary). Most cases of neutrophilia are secondary to inflammation. Primary causes Secondary causes A normal eosinophil count is considered to be less than 0.65 × 10 /L. Eosinophil counts are higher in newborns and vary with age, time (lower in

2132-421: The "miniaturizer" room and later in scenes set outside the lung and inside the inner ear, when the cast was to be seen "swimming" (actually suspended by wires) outside the submarine. The full-size Proteus mockup contained all the interior sets that the actors are seen in to represent the interior of the submarine, with sections that could be pulled out to allow for cameras and crew to film the interior. The submarine

2214-778: The Bantam Doubleday Dell publishing group. Bertelsmann purchased Random House in 1998, and in 1999 merged the Bantam and Dell imprints (amongst other mergers within the sprawling publishing house) to become the Bantam Dell publishing imprint. In 2010, the Bantam Dell division was consolidated with Ballantine Books (founded in 1952 by Bantam co-founders Ian and Betty Ballantine) to form the Ballantine Bantam Dell group within Random House. By no later than February 2015, Bantam Books had re-emerged as

2296-487: The Random House publishing group in 2008. Ballantine Books was merged with Bantam Dell in 2010. In 2013, Random House merged with Penguin to form Penguin Random House . Bantam has published the entire original run of the " Choose Your Own Adventure " series of children's books , as well as the first original novels based upon the Star Trek franchise, publishing about a dozen such books between 1970 and 1982, when

2378-517: The ability of the lights on the submarine to penetrate normal matter, issues of time distortion, and other side effects that the movie does not address. Asimov was also bothered by the way the wreck of Proteus was left in Benes. In a subsequent meeting with Jaffe, he insisted that he would have to change the ending so that the submarine was brought out. Asimov also felt the need to gain permission from his usual science-fiction publisher, Doubleday, to write

2460-404: The blood makes a large difference to health, because immunity depends on it. An increase in the number of leukocytes over the upper limits is called leukocytosis . It is normal when it is part of healthy immune responses, which happen frequently. It is occasionally abnormal, when it is neoplastic or autoimmune in origin. A decrease below the lower limit is called leukopenia . This indicates

2542-496: The body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders. White blood cells are generally larger than red blood cells. They include three main subtypes: granulocytes , lymphocytes and monocytes . All white blood cells are produced and derived from multipotent cells in the bone marrow known as hematopoietic stem cells . Leukocytes are found throughout the body, including the blood and lymphatic system . All white blood cells have nuclei , which distinguishes them from

Fantastic Voyage - Misplaced Pages Continue

2624-457: The body of Dr. Evil. The military headquarters is 100 m × 30 m (328 ft × 98 ft) and the Proteus 14 m × 8 m (46 ft × 26 ft). The artery, in resin and fiberglass, is 33 m (108 ft) long and 7 m (23 ft) wide; the heart is 45 m × 10 m (148 ft × 33 ft) and the brain is 70 m × 33 m (230 ft × 108 ft). The plasma effect

2706-582: The bonus features of the 2012 DVD release of Fantastic Voyage show Stephen Boyd's Grant character (who, like Flint, is a secret agent) being identified as Flint, and some of Flint's wisecracks about not wanting to be miniaturized survive to be uttered by Boyd's Grant in Fantastic Voyage. Years later comic actor Mike Myers proposed making an installment of his own Austin Powers spy spoof movies called Shagtastic Voyage, in which Powers would be injected into

2788-406: The cells most commonly affected are CD4+ T cells. Like neutropenia, lymphocytopenia may be acquired or intrinsic and there are many causes. This is not a complete list. Like neutropenia, symptoms and treatment of lymphocytopenia are directed at the underlying cause of the change in cell counts. An increase in the number of white blood cells in circulation is called leukocytosis . This increase

2870-405: The clot was damaged from the turbulence in the heart, as it was not fastened down as it had been before: this and his safety line snapping loose while the crew was refilling their air supply lead Grant to suspect a saboteur is on the mission. The crew must cannibalize their wireless radio to repair the laser, cutting off all communication and guidance from the outside, although because the submarine

2952-416: The clot with the laser, Michaels tries to crash the submarine into the same area of Benes' brain to kill him. Grant fires the laser at the ship, causing it to veer away and crash, and Michaels to get trapped in the wreckage with the controls pinning him to the seat, which attracts the attention of white blood cells . While Grant saves Owens from the Proteus , Michaels is killed when a white blood cell consumes

3034-647: The commission's blacklisting practice constituted an unlawful prior restraint on free expression in violation of the First Amendment. The Court held that any system of prior censorship on publications "strikes at the very foundation of freedom of expression" and cannot be enforced unless regulated by precise rules with procedural safeguards. This was an influential decision reinforcing First Amendment protections against government censorship of published materials. In 1964, Grosset & Dunlap acquired full ownership of Bantam from Curtis. In 1968, Grosset & Dunlap

3116-529: The concept of miniaturization in science fiction along with The Incredible Shrinking Man and inspired an animated television series of the same name . The United States and the Soviet Union have both developed technology that can miniaturize matter by shrinking individual atoms, but only for one hour. A scientist, Dr. Jan Benes, working behind the Iron Curtain , has figured out how to make

3198-417: The crew has only six minutes remaining to operate and then exit the body. Before the mission, Grant had been briefed that Duval was the prime suspect as a potential surgical assassin, but as the mission progresses, he instead begins to suspect Michaels. During the surgery, Michaels knocks out Owens and takes control of Proteus while the rest of the crew is outside for the operation. As Duval finishes removing

3280-758: The crew that he had worked with on the production of 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea , the film he directed for Walt Disney in 1954. The designer of the Nautilus from the Jules Verne adaptation, Harper Goff , also designed the Proteus; the same technical advisor, Fred Zendar, collaborated on both productions. At one point in the movie's preproduction it was positioned as one of the Derek Flint spy spoof movies starring James Coburn, which were produced by 20th Century Fox and Saul David. Several script pages sampled in

3362-768: The day, seasonally, and during menstruation . It rises in response to allergies, parasitic infections, collagen diseases, and disease of the spleen and central nervous system. They are rare in the blood, but numerous in the mucous membranes of the respiratory, digestive, and lower urinary tracts. They primarily deal with parasitic infections. Eosinophils are also the predominant inflammatory cells in allergic reactions. The most important causes of eosinophilia include allergies such as asthma, hay fever, and hives; and parasitic infections. They secrete chemicals that destroy large parasites, such as hookworms and tapeworms, that are too big for any one white blood cell to phagocytize. In general, their nuclei are bi-lobed. The lobes are connected by

Fantastic Voyage - Misplaced Pages Continue

3444-414: The excellent special effects and sets could distract from the scenery's scientific purpose in the story, the "old familiar music of science fiction" in lush new arrangements was a "true delight", and the seriousness with which screenwriter Kleiner and director Fleischer treated the story made it more believable and fun. Schickel made note of, but dismissed, other critics' allegations of " camp ." As of 2023,

3526-476: The film by his production company Lightstorm Entertainment . In August 2017, it was reported that del Toro had postponed working on the film to completely focus on his film The Shape of Water , due to release the same year, and he would start pre-production in spring 2018 and would begin filming in the fall of the same year for a 2020 release. In April 2024, Cameron offered an update on the project: "we plan to go ahead with it very soon." The concept of entering

3608-440: The film holds a 92% approval rating at review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes from 36 reviews, with an average rating of 7/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "The special effects may be a bit dated today, but Fantastic Voyage still holds up well as an imaginative journey into the human body." According to Fox records, the film needed to earn $ 9,400,000 in rentals to break even and made $ 8,880,000, meaning it initially showed

3690-533: The film titled "Fantastecch Voyage" was published in Mad Magazine . It was illustrated by Mort Drucker and written by Larry Siegel in issue #110, April 1967. The advertising-business-themed spoof has the crew—from L.S.M.F.T. (Laboratory Sector for Making Folks Tiny)—sent to inject decongestant into a badly plugged-up nose. The film was adapted into a video game for Atari 2600 in 1982 by Fox Video Games . Fantastic Voyage II: Destination Brain (1987)

3772-404: The film, but it never credited him. Isaac Asimov, asked to write the novelization from the script, declared that the script was full of plot holes , and received permission to write the book the way he wanted. The novel came out first because he wrote quickly and because of delays in filming. The score was composed and conducted by Leonard Rosenman . The composer deliberately wrote no music for

3854-488: The first four reels of the film, before the protagonists enter the human body. Rosenman wrote that "the harmony for the entire score is almost completely atonal except for the very end when our heroes grow to normality". The film received mostly positive reviews and a few criticisms. The weekly entertainment-trade magazine Variety gave the film a positive pre-release review, stating, "The lavish production, boasting some brilliant special effects and superior creative efforts,

3936-635: The five main types: neutrophils , eosinophils , basophils , lymphocytes , and monocytes . A good way to remember the relative proportions of WBCs is "Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas". These types are distinguished by their physical and functional characteristics. Monocytes and neutrophils are phagocytic . Further subtypes can be classified. Granulocytes are distinguished from agranulocytes by their nucleus shape (lobed versus round, that is, polymorphonuclear versus mononuclear) and by their cytoplasm granules (present or absent, or more precisely, visible on light microscopy or not thus visible). The other dichotomy

4018-422: The footage. A smaller, 18-inch miniature of the Proteus was constructed to operate in liquid for a shot of the submarine bursting through an arterial wall early in the movie. A tiny Proteus miniature just a few inches in length was made for the miniaturization sequence to show the ship being picked up by a "precision handling device" and dropped into a large glass cylinder which was then miniaturized to become part of

4100-421: The holding Bantam Doubleday Dell . In 1998, Bertelsmann acquired Random House from Advance Publications ; Random House became the name of the overall holding company of the various publishing imprints. In 1999, Bertelsmann merged some of the many publishing units it held in Random House, including a merger of Bantam with Dell Publishing , forming the Bantam Dell publishing imprint. Bantam Dell became part of

4182-882: The human body popularized by Fantastic Voyage has been greatly influential especially in animated TV shows, of which there are several examples: Bantam Books Bantam Books is an American publishing house owned entirely by parent company Random House , a subsidiary of Penguin Random House ; it is an imprint of the Random House Publishing Group. It was formed in 1945 by Walter B. Pitkin Jr. , Sidney B. Kramer, and Ian and Betty Ballantine , with funding from Grosset & Dunlap and Curtis Publishing Company . It has since been purchased several times by companies including National General , Carl Lindner 's American Financial and, most recently, Bertelsmann , which in 1986 purchased what had grown to become

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4264-457: The idea of producing a feature based on his own screenplay, and in 2007, 20th Century Fox announced that pre-production on the project was finally underway. Roland Emmerich agreed to direct, but rejected the script written by Cameron. Marianne and Cormac Wibberley were hired to write a new script, but the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike delayed filming, and Emmerich began working on 2012 instead. In spring 2010, Paul Greengrass

4346-406: The inner ear, requiring all outside personnel to make no noise to prevent destructive shocks, but while the crew is removing reticular fibers clogging the submarine's vents and making the engines overheat, a fallen surgical tool causes the crew to be thrown about and Peterson is nearly killed by antibodies , but they are able to reboard the submarine in time. By the time they finally reach the clot,

4428-539: The largest type of white blood cell, share the "vacuum cleaner" ( phagocytosis ) function of neutrophils, but are much longer lived as they have an extra role: they present pieces of pathogens to T cells so that the pathogens may be recognized again and killed. This causes an antibody response to be mounted. Monocytes eventually leave the bloodstream and become tissue macrophages , which remove dead cell debris as well as attack microorganisms. Neither dead cell debris nor attacking microorganisms can be dealt with effectively by

4510-454: The license was taken over by Pocket Books . Bantam also published a dozen volumes of short story adaptations of scripts from Star Trek: The Original Series . Bantam was the former American paperback publisher of The Guinness Book of Records . Another series was "Bantam War Book" from the 1970s to the 1990s, with the majority of books from World War II, but also from Vietnam, Korea and other conflicts. Other series include Bantam Classics,

4592-655: The liver, which become known as Kupffer cells . These cells still serve a role in the immune system. The two commonly used categories of white blood cell disorders divide them quantitatively into those causing excessive numbers ( proliferative disorders) and those causing insufficient numbers ( leukopenias ). Leukocytosis is usually healthy (e.g., fighting an infection ), but it also may be dysfunctionally proliferative. Proliferative disorders of white blood cells can be classed as myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative . Some are autoimmune , but many are neoplastic . Another way to categorize disorders of white blood cells

4674-420: The mission. An undetected arteriovenous fistula forces them to detour through the heart, where cardiac arrest must be induced to, at best, reduce turbulence that would be strong enough to destroy Proteus . The crew faces an unexplained loss of oxygen and must replenish their supply in the lungs. They notice "rocks" that are actually carbon particles from smoke. Grant finds the surgical laser needed to destroy

4756-448: The morning and higher at night), exercise, environment, and exposure to allergens. Eosinophilia is never a normal lab finding. Efforts should always be made to discover the underlying cause, though the cause may not always be found. The complete blood cell count is a blood panel that includes the overall white blood cell count and differential count, a count of each type of white blood cell. Reference ranges for blood tests specify

4838-443: The narrative framework as "inane drivel". Fantastic Voyage is an American animated science fiction TV series based on the film. The series consists of 17 half-hour episodes, airing Saturday mornings on ABC-TV from September 14, 1968, through January 4, 1969, then rebroadcast the following fall season. The series was produced by Filmation Associates in association with 20th Century Fox . A Fantastic Voyage comic book, based on

4920-504: The neutrophils. Unlike neutrophils, monocytes are able to replace their lysosomal contents and are thought to have a much longer active life. They have the kidney-shaped nucleus and are typically not granulated. They also possess abundant cytoplasm. Some leucocytes migrate into the tissues of the body to take up a permanent residence at that location rather than remaining in the blood. Often these cells have specific names depending upon which tissue they settle in, such as fixed macrophages in

5002-437: The novel. Doubleday did not object, and had suggested his name to Bantam in the first place. Asimov began work on the novel on May 31, and completed it on July 23. In the film, the crew (apart from the saboteur) manage to leave Benes's body safely before reverting to normal size, but the Proteus remains inside, as do the remains of the saboteur's body (albeit digested by a white blood cell ), and several gallons (full scale) of

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5084-1081: The other blood cells , the anucleated red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets . The different white blood cells are usually classified by cell lineage ( myeloid cells or lymphoid cells ). White blood cells are part of the body's immune system. They help the body fight infection and other diseases. Types of white blood cells are granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils), and agranulocytes ( monocytes , and lymphocytes (T cells and B cells)). Myeloid cells ( myelocytes ) include neutrophils , eosinophils , mast cells , basophils , and monocytes . Monocytes are further subdivided into dendritic cells and macrophages . Monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils are phagocytic . Lymphoid cells ( lymphocytes ) include T cells (subdivided into helper T cells , memory T cells , cytotoxic T cells ), B cells (subdivided into plasma cells and memory B cells ), and natural killer cells . Historically, white blood cells were classified by their physical characteristics ( granulocytes and agranulocytes ), but this classification system

5166-657: The payment for it. Fantastic Voyage (abridged to half its length) appeared in the February 26 and March 12, 1966, issues of the Post. Bantam Books released the paperback edition of the novel in September 1966 to coincide with the release of the film. Harry Harrison , reviewing the Asimov novelization, called it a "Jerry-built monstrosity", praising the descriptions of science-fiction events as "Asimov at his best", while condemning

5248-552: The problem of the syringe fluid by having the staff inject only a very small amount of miniaturized fluid into Benes, minimizing its effect on him when it expands. Asimov did not want any of his books, even a film novelization, to appear only in paperback, so in August 1965, he persuaded Austin Olney of Houghton Mifflin to publish a hardcover edition, assuring him that the book would sell at least 8000 copies, which it did. However, since

5330-654: The process work indefinitely. With the help of American intelligence agents, including agent Charles Grant, he escapes to the West and arrives in New York City , but an attempted assassination leaves him comatose with a blood clot in his brain that no surgery can remove from the outside. To save his life, Grant, Navy pilot Captain Bill Owens, medical chief and circulatory specialist Dr. Michaels, surgeon Dr. Peter Duval, and his assistant Cora Peterson are placed aboard

5412-407: The proposal out of hand. Hackwork, I said. Beneath my dignity." However, Bantam Books persisted, and at a meeting with Bantam editorial director Marc Jaffe and 20th Century Fox executive Marcia Nassiter on April 21, 1965, Asimov agreed to read the screenplay. In the novelization's introduction, Asimov states that he was reluctant to write the book because he believed that the miniaturization of matter

5494-498: The pus of wounds. These cells are not able to renew their lysosomes (used in digesting microbes) and die after having phagocytosed a few pathogens. Neutrophils are the most common cell type seen in the early stages of acute inflammation. The average lifespan of inactivated human neutrophils in the circulation has been reported by different approaches to be between 5 and 135 hours. Eosinophils compose about 2–4% of white blood cells in circulating blood. This count fluctuates throughout

5576-491: The rights to the story were held by Otto Klement, who had co-written the original story treatment, Asimov would not be entitled to any royalties. By the time the hardcover edition was published in March 1966, Houghton Mifflin had persuaded Klement to allow Asimov to have a quarter of the royalties. Klement also negotiated for The Saturday Evening Post to serialize an abridged version of the novel, and he agreed to give Asimov half

5658-467: The sample, due to the heme -containing enzyme myeloperoxidase that they produce. All white blood cells are nucleated, which distinguishes them from the anucleated red blood cells and platelets. Types of leukocytes can be classified in standard ways. Two pairs of broadest categories classify them either by structure ( granulocytes or agranulocytes ) or by cell lineage (myeloid cells or lymphoid cells). These broadest categories can be further divided into

5740-417: The series, was published by Gold Key and lasted two issues. A comic book adaptation of the film was released by Gold Key Comics in 1967. Drawn by Wally Wood , the book followed the plot of the movie with general accuracy, but many scenes were depicted differently and/or outright dropped, and the ending was given an epilogue similar as that seen in some of the early draft scripts for the film. A parody of

5822-407: The ship. The remaining crew quickly swim to one of Benes' eyes and escape through a tear duct seconds before returning to normal size. The film was the original idea of Otto Klement and Jerome Bixby . They sold it to Fox, which announced the film would be "the most expensive science-fiction film ever made." Richard Fleischer was assigned to direct and Saul David to produce; both men had worked at

5904-413: The studio before. Fleischer had originally studied medicine and human anatomy in college before choosing to be a movie director. Harry Kleiner was brought in to work on the script. The budget was set at $ 5 million. The budget went up to $ 6 million, $ 3 million of which went on the sets and $ 1 million on test footage. The Proteus submarine was constructed as a full-size set piece 42 feet long, first seen in

5986-445: The technical sense, PMN refers to all granulocytes. They have a multi-lobed nucleus, which consists of three to five lobes connected by slender strands. This gives the neutrophils the appearance of having multiple nuclei, hence the name polymorphonuclear leukocyte. The cytoplasm may look transparent because of fine granules that are pale lilac when stained. Neutrophils are active in phagocytosing bacteria and are present in large amount in

6068-460: Was acquired by conglomerate National General , run by Gene Klein . National General was acquired by American Financial Group in 1973. American Financial sold Bantam to the Italian firm IFI in 1974. Bertelsmann acquired half of Bantam in 1977 and assumed full ownership in 1980. IN 1986, Bantam began publishing audiobooks. In 1986, Bertelsmann acquired Doubleday & Company and created

6150-467: Was also constructed in miniature, including a large miniature around five feet in length that could be flown on wires in the abstract sets representing the inside of the human body. The heart and brain sets built to accommodate the five-foot miniature filled a soundstage on the Fox lot—these were filmed "dry for wet," with floating, blob-shaped elements meant to be blood cells filmed separately and composited over

6232-510: Was considering directing the remake from a script written by Shane Salerno and produced by James Cameron , but later dropped out to be replaced by Shawn Levy . It was intended that the film be shot in native stereoscopic 3D. In January 2016, The Hollywood Reporter reported that Guillermo del Toro was in talks to direct the reboot by reteaming with David S. Goyer , who was writing the film's script with Justin Rhodes with Cameron still on

6314-466: Was eventually published by Doubleday in 1987 as Fantastic Voyage II and "dealt not with competing submarines in the bloodstream, but with one submarine, with [an] American hero cooperating (not entirely voluntarily) with four Soviet crew members." The novel was not made into a movie, however. James Cameron was also interested in directing a remake (since at least 1997), but decided to devote his efforts to his Avatar project. He still remained open to

6396-481: Was failing when Oscar Dystel , who had previously worked at Esquire and as editor on Coronet magazine was hired in 1954 to manage it. By the end of the next year the company was profitable. Dystel retired as chairman in 1980. By that time Bantam was the largest publisher of paperbacks , had over 15% of the market, and exceeded US$ 100 million in sales. The company was involved in an important Supreme Court case, Bantam Books, Inc. v. Sullivan in 1963. Bantam Books

6478-469: Was physically impossible, but he decided that it was still good fodder for story-telling and that it could still make for some intelligent reading. In addition, 20th Century Fox was known to want someone with some science-fiction clout to help promote the film. Aside from the initial "impossibility" of the shrinking machine, Asimov went to great lengths to portray with great accuracy what it would actually be like to be reduced to infinitesimal scale. He discussed

6560-855: Was prevented from distributing some of its publications in Rhode Island by a state commission called the Rhode Island Commission to Encourage Morality in Youth. The commission, headed by the Rhode Island Attorney General, would essentially blacklist books and magazines it deemed "objectionable" for sale, threatening distributors with publicity and reputational harm. Bantam Books sued, arguing this commission violated freedom of press protections and amounted to illegal censorship without due process. The Supreme Court unanimously ruled in favor of Bantam Books, deciding that

6642-508: Was produced by chief operator Ernest Laszlo via the use of multicolored turning lights, placed on the outside of translucent decors. "There are no precedents so we must proceed by trial and error", said David. Frederick Schodt 's book The Astro Boy Essays: Osamu Tezuka, Mighty Atom, and the Manga/Anime Revolution claims that Fox had wanted to use ideas from an episode of Japanese animator Osamu Tezuka 's Astro Boy in

6724-465: Was written by Isaac Asimov as an attempt to develop and present his own story apart from the 1966 screenplay. This novel is not a sequel to the original, but instead is a separate story taking place in the Soviet Union with an entirely different set of characters. Fantastic Voyage: Microcosm is a third interpretation, written by Kevin J. Anderson , published in 2001. This version has the crew of

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