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41-648: In 1941 the Farman brothers reestablished the firm as the " Société Anonyme des Usines Farman " (SAUF), but only three years later it was absorbed by Sud-Ouest . Maurice's son, Marcel Farman, reestablished the SAUF in 1952, but his effort proved unsuccessful and the firm was dissolved in 1956. The Farman brothers designed and built more than 200 types of aircraft between 1908 and 1941. They also built cars until 1931 and boats until 1930. In 1907, Henri Farman bought his first aircraft from Gabriel Voisin and soon began to improve

82-545: A jet-powered aircraft capable of functioning as a bomber, a low-level attack aircraft, or an all-weather interceptor. In response, SNCASO adapted its existing S.O. 4000 design to perform the desired roles. During 1951, prototype testing had demonstrated promising performance for the type, which encouraged its further development. Named the Vautour , the IIB bomber variant was used to carry France's nuclear weapons in addition to

123-651: A license-built model of the British Rolls-Royce Nene turbojet engine, the last of these performing its first flight in November 1950. None of the aircraft would be powered by the intended GTS-65 engine, the development of which would eventually be terminated without any production examples being completed. When flown with the Nene engine, the SO.6000 was capable of achieving speeds of up to 593 mph, but

164-590: A MF prefix. The Farman firm designed and built a number of motor car models  [ fr ] , including: During the 1920s, Farman Aviation briefly dabbled in building airboats (known generally by the French term "hydroglisseurs"). Farman's boat-building followed directly from its aircraft experience. During the First World War , Farman-built aircraft engines and propellers from Farman MF.7s were used to build airboats that were successfully used during

205-616: A conventional arsenal; as such, for some years the Vautour was an important element of the nation's nuclear deterrent . According to aviation authors Bill Gunston and Peter Gilchrist, "It would be fair to claim that in the early 1950s the Vautour was the most promising twin-jet warplane in Western Europe". SNCASO developed several variants of the Vautour for different purposes, including the interceptor role; several were proposed but ultimately unbuilt. During 1956, two years prior to

246-526: A great impetus to undertaking advanced research projects. Amongst the first new aviation projects to be launched in France during the postwar era was SNCASO's jet-powered Sud-Ouest Triton . According to aviation author John W.R. Taylor, the origins of the Triton can be traced back to a clandestine research effort conducted during 1943, headed by the French aeronautics engineer Lucien Servanty . Shortly after

287-574: A new factory in Déols during that same year. The company's fortunes, along with that of the wider French nation, were heavily affected by the events of the Second World War , particularly the formation of the occupation of France by German forces . Despite the country's hardship during the conflict, SNCASO continued to operate. During 1941, the Paris design bureaus of both the nationalized and

328-453: A protective cage surrounding the propeller. Farman's airboats sold for 25,000 to 50,000 francs depending on the model, a price that proved too steep for potential buyers; the company pulled out of the boat business by the end of the 1920s. SNCASO SNCASO (abbreviated from Société nationale des constructions aéronautiques du Sud-Ouest [sɔsjete nasjɔnal de kɔ̃stʁyksjɔ̃ aeʁɔnotik dy syd wɛst] , or commonly, Sud-Ouest )

369-744: The Mesopotamian Campaign fought by Britain and her colonial subjects against the forces of the Ottoman Empire in Mesopotamia (modern day Iraq ). Following the success of these improvised airboats, Britain began ordering purpose-built airboats from Farman and Charles de Lambert 's company for use on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Farman Aircraft began producing civilian airboats in the 1920s. Its first non-military airboat sailed in 1920, though its first civilian airboat for sale

410-464: The Sud-Ouest Djinn . On 1 March 1957, SNCASO merged with another French nationalised aviation company, SNCASE , ( Société nationale des constructions aéronautiques du Sud-Est ), to form Sud Aviation . Following the resolution of the 1936 general strike of French heavy industry, the government of Léon Blum introduced an act to nationalize the French war industry. The act provided for

451-546: The United States . According to Caygill, the Junkers engine was only capable of producing up to 1,980 lb of thrust and was quite underpowered for the SO.6000, being barely capable of achieving sustained flight and therefore lacked practicality. Accordingly, further prototypes were not powered by the Junkers engine. The second prototype was used for static testing only, while the three other aircraft were powered by

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492-455: The SO.6000 was abandoned following the rapid emergence of more advanced jet-powered fighter aircraft. According to aviation author Peter Caygill, France's aviation industry was in dire straits, perhaps having been more damaged than that of any other nation, as a consequence of events in the Second World War . Regardless, French industrialists and government officials alike were keen to make rapid advances in aviation technology to not only revive

533-423: The SO.6000 was ultimately abandoned during the early 1950s without any direct follow-on; as such, the SO.6000 was never use in any operational circumstance. The type had been rendered obsolete by the rapid pace of advancements, both in terms of jet propulsion specifically and wider aerospace capabilities generally, with numerous jet-powered designs being produced around this timeframe. SO.6000N Triton No. 03 F-WFKY

574-423: The Triton was ultimately abandoned during the early 1950s; it was never use in any operational circumstance. The design had been rendered obsolete by the rapid pace of advancements, both in terms of jet propulsion specifically and wider aerospace capabilities generally, with numerous jet-powered designs being produced around this timeframe. SNCASO also branched out into helicopters. It gained useful experiences from

615-537: The Triton, which would become the first French jet-powered aircraft to fly, it was decided to use the German -designed Junkers Jumo 004 -B2 engine after severe development issues were encountered with the indigenously developed Rateau-Anxionnaz GTS-65 turbojet engine. The British Rolls-Royce Nene turbojet engine was also adopted for multiple of the prototypes. On 11 November 1946, the first prototype Triton performed its maiden flight . However, further development of

656-408: The Vautour even entering squadron service, France issued a more demanding requirement for a supersonic replacement aircraft. The Vautour was viewed as a stop-gap measure for the nuclear deterrent role, as its performance in this role was typically thought to be limited at best, while this more capable follow-on aircraft was under development. While the newer bomber requirement would ultimately result in

697-485: The airframe, work on the project was abandoned. According to Gunston and Gilchrist, the SO.4000 was a very heavy aircraft, which only compounded the weakness of possessing relatively little engine power, giving it an extremely poor thrust-to-weight ratio even when empty; they also criticised it as possessing "useless capabilities". During June 1951, the French Armée de l'Air (AdA) issued a separate requirement for

738-422: The conflict, the French government issued a requirement for a batch of five prototype jet aircraft to be developed by French industry. To avoid delaying the overall project, it was decided to use the German -designed Junkers Jumo 004 -B2 engine after severe development issues were encountered with the indigenously-developed Rateau-Anxionnaz GTS-65 turbojet engine. The British Rolls-Royce Nene turbojet engine

779-655: The creation of seven nationalised aeronautical manufacturing companies: six for aircraft ( SNCASE , SNCASO, SNCAN , SNCAO , SNCAM , SNCAC ), and one for aircraft engines ( SNCM - Lorraine-Dietrich ). In accordance with this agreement, SNCASO was formed on 16 November 1936 from the merger of the factories of Blériot of Suresnes , Bloch of Villacoublay and Courbevoie , SASO ( Société Aéronautique du Sud-Ouest ) of Bordeaux - Mérignac , UCA ( Usine de Construction Aéronautique ) of Bordeaux - Bègles , Société Aérienne Bordelaise (SAB) of Bordeaux - Bacalan and Lioré et Olivier of Rochefort . Additionally, SNCASO constructed

820-480: The design of the aircraft; as a result it was known as either Farman I or Voisin-Farman I . In 1908, after further modifications which included re-covering it with Continental rubberized fabric and the addition of side-curtains, the aircraft was re-designated Farman I-bis . Ailerons were fitted after Wilbur Wright's flying demonstration at Le Mans in August 1908. A second aircraft, to be called Farman II ,

861-402: The distinction of being the first indigenously-designed jet-powered aircraft to be flown by the nation, having been designed and manufactured during the 1940s by the French aircraft construction consortium SNCASO . Work on the French jet aircraft initiative had begun in secret during the Second World War , and harnessed research retrieved from Nazi Germany . Almost immediately after the end of

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902-405: The end of the conflict, the new French government issued a requirement, calling for a total of five prototype aircraft to be constructed for testing purposes. The development of indigenously designed jet aircraft was seen as of national importance to the government, being intended to symbolise and embody the speedy recovery of France's industrial and military strength. To speed up development of

943-460: The experimental Sud-Ouest Ariel , a tip jet helicopter, that enabled the firm's design team to pursue development of a practical light helicopter that would harness this technology. They designed a compact and lightweight twin-seat rotorcraft, which was promptly designated as the Sud-Ouest Djinn . While this newer design did not share an identical tip jet system to the Ariel, the type did rely upon

984-422: The first practical European helicopters to be produced. It was also the first tip-jet propelled rotorcraft to enter production. Almost immediately after the war, the resurgent French Air Force also produced a requirement for a jet bomber with a takeoff weight of roughly 25–30 tonnes and capable of flying at high- subsonic speeds; its development was viewed as a major technological challenge as it called for

1025-527: The first prototype performed its maiden flight , conducted by test pilot Daniel Rastel amid unfavourable weather conditions. The timing of the flight was deliberate, being only four days before the opening of an international aviation exhibition held at the Grand Palais ; the French government were keen to demonstrate that they possessed technological parity with Germany, the United Kingdom , and

1066-436: The fuselage's design, by pursuing a clean-sheet approach and the originality which that entailed, the SO.6000 lacked much of the conservatism present in the contemporary designs of several British aircraft manufacturers. While having been envisioned from the onset to be powered by a jet engine , the availability of such a powerplant to install upon the aircraft was no straightforward issue. At one stage, it had been planned for

1107-417: The nation's aviation capabilities, but to utilise the newest advances and produce a new generation of competitive indigenously-built aircraft. France, like the other Allied nations in the war, had benefitted from captured Germany high speed research; these factors combined gave a great impetus to undertaking advanced research projects. Amongst the first new aviation projects to be launched in post-war France

1148-516: The nationalised Aircraft Industry during the 1950s, SNCASO was merged with SNCASE to form Sud Aviation on 1 March 1957. Over the subsequent decades, Sud Aviation was in turn was amalgamated into French defense conglomerate Aérospatiale and eventually became a part of the multinational EADS group, today trading as the Airbus Group. Sud-Ouest Triton The Sud-Ouest SO.6000 Triton is an early experimental French jet aircraft . It has

1189-489: The private aircraft firms were relocated; according to aviation historian Gérard Hartmann, this measure was taken to avoid capture. That same year, SNCASO took over the assets of the ailing SNCAO . The company worked on various projects throughout the war, often under a heavy level of secrecy, including into the new field of jet propulsion . France, akin to the other Allied nations in the war, had benefitted from captured Germany high speed research; these factors combined gave

1230-408: The production of France's first jet bomber. SNCASO was amongst several French aircraft manufacturers to tender, submitting its SO.4000 ; it received a development order for a pair of manned scale models and a full-sized prototype . During 1947, as a result of the rapid advances made in aviation technologies made around this time, plans for the SO.4000's production run were abandoned; nevertheless, it

1271-542: The same basic concept of feeding compressed air, which was generated by an onboard pump, to the tips of the vehicle's rotor blades to drive the movement of the blades. First flying in January 1953, the Djinn proved itself to be a viable design; after several further prototypes were completed and tested, the type went into mass production. The Djinn was the first indigenously developed French helicopter, as well as being one of

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1312-483: The selection, development and manufacture of the Dassault Mirage IV bomber; SNCASO chose to respond to the requirement, producing their own proposal of an envisioned Super Vautour . According to aviation author Bill Gunston, the unbuilt 'stretched' Super Vautour would have featured an increased combat radius of 1,700 miles as well as the ability to attain at least Mach 0.9. During the rationalisation of

1353-414: The type to receive a French-designed Rateau-Anxionnaz GTS-65 turbojet engine. However, as a result of the delays encountered in the development of this engine, it was decided to instead adopt the German -designed Junkers Jumo 004 -B2 engine for use upon the first prototype. The choice of a German engine was opted for as a means of preventing any unnecessary delay in the project. On 11 November 1946,

1394-528: Was Le Ricocheur (pictured at right), a closed-cabin prototype capable of carrying 12 passengers at speeds of up to 125 kilometres per hour (67 kn). Farman marketed airboats for use as water taxis and as light cargo vessels or patrol boats for French colonial governments, particularly on the Mekong and Niger rivers. These later airboats were open-cabin, like the airboats of today, though they tended to be somewhat larger, had higher freeboards , and lacked

1435-489: Was a French aircraft manufacturer . Created during 1936 as one of seven nationalised aeronautical manufacturing companies, SNCASO became a key French aircraft manufacturer following the end of the Second World War . It produced numerous innovation aircraft; amongst the company's more notable projects was the first French jet aircraft , the Sud-Ouest Triton , and the first indigenously-developed French helicopter,

1476-489: Was also adopted for some of the prototypes. On 11 November 1946, the first prototype performed its maiden flight , flown by test pilot Daniel Rastel. This feat was viewed by the government as being an important, and public, advancement in the capabilities of French industry and military capability. A total of five aircraft were produced for the test programme, including one for static testing only. Despite multiple aircraft been built and successfully flown, further development of

1517-549: Was also beset by several vibration and stability issues when flown near these speeds. The SO.6000's lead designer, Lucien Servanty, also worked on another aircraft during the late 1940s, the Sud-Ouest Espadon , which became France's first post-war jet fighter; he also participated in the design of numerous aircraft following this, including the Anglo-French supersonic airliner Concorde . Further development of

1558-569: Was built by the Voisin brothers incorporating design refinements to Farman's specification. Voisin sold this aircraft to J.T.C. Moore-Brabazon , who exported it to England, where it was renamed the Bird of Passage . This episode angered Farman, who in early 1909 ended his association with Voisin and started building his own aircraft. Aircraft designed and built by Henri Farman had a HF prefix, while examples designed and built by his brother Maurice carried

1599-426: Was decided to complete the two scale models and the full size prototype for experimental purposes. Both scale models provided valuable data on features such as swept wings , pilot escape systems, spoiler control, and leading edge slats . On 5 March 1950, the SO.4000 was rolled out; by this point, it was already obsolete and lacking in capabilities compared to its contemporaries. Following an accident that damaged

1640-537: Was seen as of national importance to the government, being intended to symbolise and embody the speedy recovery of France's industrial and military strength. The SO.6000 was, despite the use of jet propulsion , an otherwise conventional aircraft. It was a compact and unarmed two-seater, having a deep-set fuselage and furnished with a mid-mounted straight wing. The spacious fuselage provided sufficient space for multiple engine models to be readily accommodated. Caygill observed that while SNCASO had to start from scratch on

1681-529: Was the SO.6000. According to aviation author John W.R. Taylor, the origins of the SO.6000 can be found during 1943; allegedly, the aircraft is based upon a clandestine research effort conducted during the German occupation of France , headed by the French aeronautics engineer Lucien Servanty . Shortly after the end of the conflict, the new French government issued a requirement, calling for a total of five prototype aircraft to be constructed for testing purposes. The development of indigenously designed jet aircraft

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