The Farmington Plan was a twentieth-century collective collections initiative developed by American research libraries in order to ensure access to research materials and publications regardless of war or other events around the world. The plan created a cooperative acquisitions program for foreign materials by region and subject. Even prior to the Farmington Plan, some institutions had already developed their own foreign acquisitions and preservation programs, including the University of Florida , which preserved Caribbean materials and was only added later as partner in the Farmington Plan.
43-722: The Farmington Plan was directed from a central office located at the Harvard College Library . This central office was responsible for financial coordination as well as maintaining and collating annual records regarding the plan. The office was initially supported by the Carnegie Corporation of New York and later by the Harvard College Library. Materials were selected and purchased by Farmington Plan Agents in foreign countries, classified, and shipped to participant libraries. The plan
86-527: A Division of Responsibility among American Libraries in the Acquisition and Recording of Library Materials and existed as an autonomous entity until it was formally incorporated into the Association of Research Libraries on March 1, 1944. At its inception, the plan surveyed and collected material from Belgium and Mexico (1944), Peru, Spain, Sweden, Canada, France, and Italy (1945). The outbreak of
129-524: A private Ivy League university in Cambridge, Massachusetts . Harvard Library is the oldest library system in the United States and both the largest academic library and largest private library in the world. Its collection holds over 20 million volumes, 400 million manuscripts, 10 million photographs, and one million maps. Harvard Library holds the third-largest collection of all libraries in
172-548: A staff service. In the 1890s Columbia was declared a university and moved to its current location in Morningside Heights. There, the Low Memorial Library was built in 1895 to serve as the centerpiece of the new campus. Financed with $ 1 million of University President Seth Low's own money, at full capacity the library was expected to house 1.9 million volumes. However, the library at this point
215-433: Is a monthly newsletter, The Harvard Librarian and a quarterly journal, Harvard Library Bulletin , which was established in 1947, dormant from 1960 until 1967, and published regularly since. The Bulletin is published three times a year in spring, summer, and fall. Harvard Library Bulletin is available to the public under subscription and an archive of past issues is available on Harvard Library website. Harvard Library
258-826: Is composed of six permanent members and five rotating members who serve three years each, with their initial terms staggered. The permanent members include the provost, the Carl H. Pforzheimer University Professor, and the deans or designees from the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard Business School , Harvard Law School , and Harvard Medical School . Rotating members include three at-large, tenured faculty members, as well as deans or designees from Harvard Kennedy School , Harvard Graduate School of Design , Harvard Divinity School , Harvard Graduate School of Education , Harvard School of Public Health , Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , and Radcliffe Institute . In 2011,
301-576: Is growing at a pace of 140,000 items per annum . The system attracts over four million visitors a year. The Columbia Center for Oral History Research , the oldest academic oral history research program, was founded at Columbia by Professor Allan Nevins in 1948. Its oral history archives are stored in Butler Library, and contain over 12,000 interviews. Columbia shares an off-site shelving facility, located in Plainsboro, New Jersey , with
344-601: Is held in the Harvard–Yenching Library . The largest collection of archives focused on business and economic history is housed in Baker Library/Bloomberg Center at Harvard Business School . Botany Libraries’ archives include Henry David Thoreau ’s personal herbaria, letters from Charles Darwin to Asa Gray , and thousands of botanical illustrations. The Wolbach Library, which was established in 1975 and closed March 22 2024, held
387-604: Is located on the university's Morningside Heights campus in New York City and employs more than 500 professional and support staff. Additionally, Columbia Libraries is part of the Research Collections and Preservation Consortium (ReCAP) along with the Harvard Library , Princeton University Library , and New York Public Library . The Columbia University Libraries began with the 1756 donation of
430-587: Is named after him. In 1841, with space limited in Harvard Hall, the library was moved to Gore Hall in 1841. In 1912, the library moved again after Gore Hall became unsuitable, and the library was moved into multiple buildings with some of the buildings representing specialized topics. Some books were digitized in Google Books under the management of former Harvard Library director Sidney Verba . In August 2012, based in part on recommendations from
473-554: Is supported by the vice president for Harvard Library. Harvard Library Leadership Team is responsible for planning, prioritizing and implementing joint library initiatives. The team works with the vice president for the Harvard Library to develop and implement library-wide strategy and policy approved by the Board in collaboration with other standing committees and working groups. Chaired by the vice president for Harvard Library,
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#1732802546213516-465: Is the formal name for an administrative entity within the central administration that oversees the development and implementation of strategies that facilitate access to research, collections, services, and space in ways that raise the value of the university's investment in its libraries. As of June 2019 , Martha Whitehead is the current vice president for Harvard Library and the Roy E. Larsen Librarian of
559-466: Is the library system of Columbia University and one of the largest academic library systems in North America. With 15.0 million volumes and over 160,000 journals and serials, as well as extensive electronic resources, manuscripts, rare books, microforms, maps, and graphic and audio-visual materials, it is the fifth-largest academic library in the United States and the largest academic library in
602-564: The Korean War in 1953 changed the scope and implementation of the Farmington Plan. Prior to the war it had focused primarily on the acquisition of scholastic materials, mostly from European countries. After 1953, the plan expanded to begin acquiring materials from outside western countries, and the plan's mission statement changed to emphasize the acquisition of materials with intelligence value. The plan went into decline through
645-558: The State of New York . Additionally, the closely affiliated Jewish Theological Seminary Library holds over 400,000 volumes, which combined makes the Columbia University Libraries the third-largest academic library, and the second-largest private library in the United States. The services and collections are organized into 19 libraries and various academic technology centers, including affiliates. The organization
688-481: The 1825 purchase of 264 books from the library of Lorenzo Da Ponte , and the donation of the library of Nathaniel Fish Moore to the college. The physical location of the library has moved several times over the course of the university's history. Originally housed in College Hall on Columbia's Park Place campus, it relocated to the university's newly acquired Madison Avenue campus in 1857. A new building for
731-421: The 1960s and was eventually discontinued in 1972, in part due to the resurgent strength of the cross-Atlantic book markets after World War Two. However, the plan's legacy persists into the modern day in the form of numerous other cooperative foreign acquisition programs among American libraries. Harvard College Library Harvard Library is the network of libraries and services at Harvard University ,
774-870: The East Asian, mathematics, and general sciences sections remained in Low; those too would eventually be relocated elsewhere. In 1974 the library became, along with Harvard Library, Yale Library, and New York Public Library, a founding member of the Research Libraries Group . As of 2020, the Columbia library system contains over 15.0 million volumes, its collections including over 160,000 journals and serials, six million microfilms, 26 million manuscripts, over 600,000 rare books, over 100,000 videos and DVDs, and nearly 200,000 government documents. The library's collection would stretch 174 miles end-to-end, and
817-584: The Faculty of Arts and Sciences. The Harvard Library holds or offers: Visiting Committee members are experts and Harvard alumni who are appointed by the corporation. The committee oversees the strategy and administration of Harvard Library on behalf of the Overseers. Bi-annual visits and regular updates by the Office of the Provost provide an opportunity for Visiting Committee members to understand and advise on
860-729: The Harvard Digital Collections page. The CURIOSity tool offers another way to explore Harvard's digital collections, providing curated views, specialized search options and discovery of unique content. Curated collections include the Colonial North America archive, the Islamic Heritage Project, and over 3,5000 digitized daguerreotypes. By 1973, Harvard Library had authored or published over 430 volumes in print in addition to nine periodicals and seven annual publications. Among these
903-620: The Harvard Library Faculty Advisory Council was established to advise the university. Robert Darnton, Pforzheimer Professor, is chair, and James Engell, Gurney Professor of English Literature, is vice-chair the advisory committee. Established in 2012, the Library Council on Student Experience is a joint council consisting of librarians and students from across the university who identify and work together on University-wide priorities identified by
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#1732802546213946-555: The Harvard Library's progress. The Library Board is charged with reviewing strategic plans of the Harvard Library and assessing its progress in meeting those plans, reviewing system-wide policies and standards and overseeing progress of the central services. The provost chairs the Library Board (established in December 2010) and the Office of the Provost is responsible for overseeing the Harvard Library. The Harvard Library Board
989-667: The Professor of Languages and the Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy." In order to slow the hemorrhaging of books from the library's collections, it was restructured in 1817 and 1821, when it was placed under the control of the college's president and then board of trustees , respectively. Beginning in 1817, the youngest professor of the college would serve as the librarian, including physicist and engineer James Renwick , astronomer and geologist Henry James Anderson , and adjunct professor of classics Robert George Vermilye. The first full-time librarian appointed by Columbia
1032-654: The Research Collections and Preservation Consortium (RECAP), which includes the New York Public Library and the library systems of Harvard University and Princeton University . The system is participating in the Google Books Library Project . The libraries in the Columbia system include: The first recorded librarian of the Columbia Libraries was Robert Harpur , a professor of mathematics at King's College who
1075-580: The Task Force on University Libraries and the Library Implementation Working Group, Harvard Library began working to coordinate and encourage collaboration among Harvard's 73 libraries. Harvard Library houses a range of historical artifacts and primary documents from around the world, including one of only 23 complete Gutenberg Bibles . The largest collection of East Asian -language material outside of East Asia
1118-581: The acquiring of early-print manuscripts, or recent important printed works (which would be acquired by American library interests without the necessary intervention of the plan). Many important foreign documents, such as government publications or academic dissertations, remained beyond the plan's reach. In addition, many library professionals were dissatisfied with a perceived bias within the plan in favor of materials originating in Western European countries. The Farmington Plan's origins stemmed from
1161-648: The college received directly from Oxford University , at the request of President Myles Cooper , a copy of every book published by the Oxford University Press . The King's College collection would largely not survive the American Revolutionary War . In 1776, College Hall was commandeered by the New York Committee of Safety to be used as a military hospital and instruction was suspended, in preparation for which
1204-673: The contents of the college's library had been deposited in the New York City Hall . Only six or seven hundred items from the King's College library were recovered following the war, and only 111 remain in Columbia University's collections today. Following the war, the newly renamed Columbia College's library was rebuilt and grew over time through gifts, deposits, and purchases; by 1863 it owned nearly 15,000 volumes. Valuable acquisitions during this time period included
1247-646: The council for improving the student library experience. The council is co-chaired by a librarian appointed by the vice president for Harvard Library and by a student elected from student council members. Students and librarians are nominated by the university's library directors and selected by the Office of the Provost. Other members include representatives from the Tell Us project, the Berkman Institute, and Harvard Library Shared Services. Terms are for two academic years. The Council makes recommendations to and
1290-713: The estate and library of Joseph Murray to the university, then known as King's College . Valued at around £8,000, it was the largest single philanthropic gift made in colonial America. In 1763 the college received over 1,000 volumes from Reverend Duncombe Bristowe of London, through the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts . Among its early gifts, the college recorded that "Sundry gentlemen at Oxford gave books, whose names are in them", and in 1772
1333-592: The library designed by Charles C. Haight was completed in 1883. From 1883 to 1888, Melvil Dewey , the creator of the Dewey Decimal Classification and a founder of the American Library Association , was the chief librarian at Columbia, where he also founded the world's first library school in 1887. As librarian, Dewey reorganized the Columbia Libraries, unifying them under one efficient administration and creating
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1376-482: The library was destroyed by fire. A new Harvard Hall was built, and 15,000 books were collected to create the new library. After the fire, readers in the library were not allowed candles or lamps and if there was a fire burning in the hearth, a librarian or assistant had to be present. Harvard patrons were allowed to borrow and return up to three books at a time on Friday mornings and were allowed to keep them for up to six weeks. Thomas Hollis V , great-nephew of one of
1419-554: The library's collection. The works in this collection soon became obsolete, as Harvard Library quickly changed to an academic institute and found little need for the theological titles. Until 1676, the library was based in Old College building. That year, it moved to Harvard Hall , where it remained until 1764. By 1764 it was the largest library in British America, with 5,000 volumes, but disaster struck that year when
1462-565: The library's users. The library is open to current Harvard affiliates, and some events and spaces are open to the public. The largest and most recognized building in the Harvard Library system is Widener Library in Harvard Yard . Harvard 's library system grew primarily from personal donations, including from John Harvard and John Hull . John Harvard was a Puritan minister who accumulated 400 books spreading word of his faith. These volumes were left to Harvard, initiating
1505-689: The oldest surviving images of the Moon. It was formed by merging the collections of the Harvard College Observatory and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory . The Tozzer Library is one of the oldest anthropological libraries in the world. Harvard Library also has a robust collection of digital content. More than 6 million digital objects are accessible online by anyone, regardless of whether or not they're affiliated with Harvard, via
1548-463: The outbreak of World War II in 1939 and the ensuing lack of access to foreign research materials by American scholars, along with the destruction of many such materials during times of conflict. In response to the war and its effect on scholastic access to material, Librarian of Congress Archibald MacLeish sent out a call for advice and suggestions on how best to handle the matter. Between 1939 and 1942 numerous suggestions and plans were put forward on
1591-513: The subject by several prominent American librarians of the time, all of which influenced the form of the plan at its inception. The plan was initiated on October 9, 1942, when an advisory committee met in Farmington, Connecticut , to discuss collaborative collection development for preservation and access to foreign materials. At its initial inception, the plan was known as the Proposal for
1634-718: The team includes members of the library's senior management team, library directors from the ten professional schools and the Radcliffe Institute , the managing director of Library Technology Services (HUIT), Harvard Library shared services heads, and Harvard Library's director of communications and its director of diversity, equity, and inclusion. Harvard Library includes a total of 25 individual libraries with shared circulation, cataloging, and preservation services, including: https://archive.org/stream/archaeologiaame03amer#page/n263/mode/2up Columbia University Libraries Columbia University Libraries
1677-449: The university's early benefactors, began shipping thousands of specially chosen volumes to the library. Hollis continued to send books regularly until his death in 1774, and he bequeathed £500 for the university to continue acquiring books. This became Harvard's first endowed book fund, and the fund has grown annually since. Harvard Library's online catalog , HOLLIS, a bacronym for " H arvard O n- L ine L ibrary I nformation S ystem",
1720-547: The world, after the Library of Congress and Boston Public Library , by number of volumes held. Among libraries, measured on the number of all items held, it is the fifth-largest library in the nation. Harvard Library is a member of the Research Collections and Preservation Consortium (ReCAP); other members include Columbia University Libraries , Princeton University Library , New York Public Library , and Ivy Plus Libraries Confederation, making over 90 million books available to
1763-575: Was appointed in 1763 to "make a catalogue of the Books that now are and hereafter may belong to the Library... and also that he be accountable for the said Books." Following the Revolutionary War, during which the library was largely destroyed, the role of librarian would fall on college professors in rotation: in 1799 the board of trustees "Resolved that the care of the Library be committed to
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1806-542: Was growing quickly, and the Low Library would soon not be enough to accommodate its entire collection: in 1904 the Columbia University Libraries held around 400,000 books, a number which would swell to more than a million in little over two decades. Butler Library , currently Columbia's main library, was built 1931 in and funded by a $ 4 million gift from alumnus and philanthropist Edward Harkness . Following its opening in 1934, only special collections , Columbiana, and
1849-421: Was plagued with difficulties. Agents had difficulty classifying acquired materials, which led to delays in the placement of documents in library collections. In addition, differences in currency and international laws complicated materials acquisitions from foreign booksellers. Throughout its existence, numerous criticisms were leveled at the plan. Among these were the complaint that the plan would not assist in
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