65-575: Feckenham Forest was a royal forest , centred on the village of Feckenham , covering large parts of Worcestershire and west Warwickshire . It was not entirely wooded, nor entirely the property of the King. Rather, the King had legal rights over game, wood and grazing within the forest, and special courts imposed harsh penalties when these rights were violated. Courts and the forest gaol were located at Feckenham and executions took place at Gallows Green near Hanbury . The legal origins are not recorded, but
130-462: A fine of £4,000 and a small annual rent of £20. Ashton was a courtier, like many of the beneficiaries of the policy of disafforestation. The grant was confirmed in June 1629, when the disforestation of the forest was decreed, so that the 2100 acres (8.5 km) of woodland and waste in the forest parishes of Hanbury , Feckenham and Bradley could be partitioned between the crown, the manorial lords and
195-549: A considerable problem in the Middle Ages. Hunters were paid to kill wolves in Worcestershire, at the rate of 3 /- in the reign of Henry III , and Edward I specifically ordered his new chief forester Peter Corbet of Chaddesley to destroy wolves in 1280: to take and destroy in all forests and parks and other places within our counties of Glocester, Worcester, Hereford, Salop and Stafford, in which wolves are found,
260-630: A large Parke abuttinge on Feckenham thoughe in the Paryshe of Hanbury. Neither wanted theare (in Hanbury) for the recreation our Kynges a fayre Parke sortinge in name with the Kinges vast forest, reachinge in former ages far and wide. A large walk for savage beastes, but now more commodyously chaunged into the civill habitations of many gentellmen, the freeholds of wealthy yeomen, and dwellings of industryous husbandmen. Feckenham Parke cominge by attainder to
325-615: A more wooded character. Part of the area near Feckenham also includes important peat wetlands. The council classifies these landscapes as 'Timbered Farmlands', 'Wooded Estatelands' and 'Wet Pasture Meadows'. The "Forest of Feckenham and Feckenham Wetlands" area is identified by the Council as a "hotspot for biodiversity" and a priority for protecting and developing ' green infrastructure ' especially to protect "traditional field patterns, boundaries and small woodlands [and to] [e]nhance stream corridors". The Forestry Commission identifies most of
390-660: A most daring and presumptuous manner presented themselves unto us with warlike weapons ( vizt ) pikes, forrest bills , pitchforks, swords and the like". On this occasion, the authorities acted to suppress this "flatt [flat] rebellion", tried to arrest the rioters and injured a number of them. These riots were part of wider disturbances including the Western Rising . Ultimately, the Crown and manorial lords were successful in enclosing their lands. The Crown allocation in Hanbury
455-552: A pointed, slightly upturned snout ; and a long, bushy tail ("brush"). Twelve species belong to the monophyletic "true fox" group of genus Vulpes . Another 25 current or extinct species are sometimes called foxes – they are part of the paraphyletic group of the South American foxes or an outlying group, which consists of the bat-eared fox , gray fox , and island fox . Foxes live on every continent except Antarctica. The most common and widespread species of fox
520-426: A white marking . A fox's coat color and texture may vary due to the change in seasons; fox pelts are richer and denser in the colder months and lighter in the warmer months. To get rid of the dense winter coat, foxes moult once a year around April; the process begins from the feet, up the legs, and then along the back. Coat color may also change as the individual ages. A fox's dentition , like all other canids,
585-458: A woman in Clapham, London was bitten on the arm by a fox after she had left the door to her flat open. The fox appears in many cultures, usually in folklore . There are slight variations in their depictions. In European, Persian, East Asian, and Native American folklore, foxes are symbols of cunning and trickery —a reputation derived especially from their reputed ability to evade hunters. This
650-416: Is I 3/3, C 1/1, PM 4/4, M 3/2 = 42. (Bat-eared foxes have six extra molars, totalling in 48 teeth.) Foxes have pronounced carnassial pairs, which is characteristic of a carnivore . These pairs consist of the upper premolar and the lower first molar, and work together to shear tough material like flesh. Foxes' canines are pronounced, also characteristic of a carnivore, and are excellent in gripping prey. In
715-615: Is limited to the forests that extend from the southernmost to the northwesternmost part of the island. Though the Nahuelbuta National Park is protected, 90% of the species live on Chiloé Island. A major issue the species faces is their dwindling, limited habitat due to the cutting and burning of the unprotected forests. Because of deforestation, the Darwin's fox habitat is shrinking, allowing for their competitor's ( chilla fox ) preferred habitat of open space, to increase;
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#1732772572802780-548: Is often pressure to exclude them from these environments. The San Joaquin kit fox is a highly endangered species that has, ironically, become adapted to urban living in the San Joaquin Valley and Salinas Valley of southern California. Its diet includes mice, ground squirrels, rabbits, hares, bird eggs, and insects, and it has claimed habitats in open areas, golf courses, drainage basins, and school grounds. Though rare, bites by foxes have been reported; in 2018,
845-692: Is the Russian silver fox , which resulted in visible and behavioral changes, and is a case study of an animal population modeling according to human domestication needs. The current group of domesticated silver foxes are the result of nearly fifty years of experiments in the Soviet Union and Russia to de novo domesticate the silver morph of the red fox. This selective breeding resulted in physical and behavioral traits appearing that are frequently seen in domestic cats, dogs, and other animals, such as pigmentation changes, floppy ears, and curly tails. Notably,
910-555: Is the red fox ( Vulpes vulpes ) with about 47 recognized subspecies . The global distribution of foxes, together with their widespread reputation for cunning, has contributed to their prominence in popular culture and folklore in many societies around the world. The hunting of foxes with packs of hounds, long an established pursuit in Europe, especially in the British Isles , was exported by European settlers to various parts of
975-414: Is usually represented as a character possessing these traits. These traits are used on a wide variety of characters, either making them a nuisance to the story, a misunderstood hero, or a devious villain. In East Asian folklore, foxes are depicted as familiar spirits possessing magic powers. Similar to in the folklore of other regions, foxes are portrayed as mischievous, usually tricking other people, with
1040-508: The IUCN have since downgraded the conservation status from crictically endangered in their 2004 and 2008 assessments to endangered in the 2016 assessment, following findings of a wider distribution than previously reported. On the Chilean mainland, the population is limited to Nahuelbuta National Park and the surrounding Valdivian rainforest . Similarly on Chiloé Island , their population
1105-565: The Middle English southern dialectal "v" pronunciation instead of "f"; i.e., northern English "fox" versus southern English "vox". A group of foxes is referred to as a skulk , leash , or earth . Within the Canidae, the results of DNA analysis shows several phylogenetic divisions: Foxes are generally smaller than some other members of the family Canidae such as wolves and jackals , while they may be larger than some within
1170-504: The New World . The word fox comes from Old English and derives from Proto-Germanic * fuhsaz . This in turn derives from Proto-Indo-European * puḱ- "thick-haired, tail." Male foxes are known as dogs , tods , or reynards ; females as vixens ; and young as cubs , pups , or kits , though the last term is not to be confused with the kit fox , a distinct species. "Vixen" is one of very few modern English words that retain
1235-516: The crab-eating fox ) have more specialized diets. Most species of fox consume around 1 kg (2.2 lb) of food every day. Foxes cache excess food, burying it for later consumption, usually under leaves, snow, or soil. While hunting, foxes tend to use a particular pouncing technique, such that they crouch down to camouflage themselves in the terrain and then use their hind legs to leap up with great force and land on top of their chosen prey. Using their pronounced canine teeth, they can then grip
1300-526: The 1320s, and areas again fell within expanded forest boundaries. Robert Burdet complained that his woodlands at Arrow had been re-afforested into Feckenham. His and other complaints were heard in at the king's Council in June 1326. The 15th century were a period of decline of the forest courts in England, and weakness of the Crown. In 1444, Henry VI granted the Forest to Henry, Duke of Warwick to follow
1365-668: The 13th century survive in The National Archives , together with one inquisition from 1377. Some rolls of the Swanimote court of the forest from the time of Henry VII also survive. There was considerable pressure on the wooded areas from the use of timber to fuel salt pans in Droitwich, a practice that had been recorded as far back as the Domesday Book. Demand for salt increased as the population grew. Much of
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#17327725728021430-599: The California Channel Islands, it was found that the population of the island fox was so low due to an outbreak of canine distemper virus from 1999 to 2000 as well as predation by non-native golden eagles . Since 1993, the eagles have caused the population to decline by as much as 95%. Because of the low number of foxes, the population went through an Allee effect (an effect in which, at low enough densities, an individual's fitness decreases). Conservationists had to take healthy breeding pairs out of
1495-627: The Council of the Marches instructing him to supervise the deputy Lieutenants in Worcestershire in suppressing further "rebellious attempts". They demanded this be done by any means necessary, as the disturbances did "carry with them so dangerous a consequence". 300 people rioted in Spring 1632 and were met by the Sheriff, a Deputy Lieutenant and a Justice of the Peace with forty armed men. The rioters "in
1560-408: The Crown's allocation in Hanbury from 550 to 460 acres, but this was still not accepted locally. The new owners were ordered to enclose their lands by 1 March 1631. The relative generosity of the settlement to copyholders and freeholders may reflect the poverty of the local residents. The general policy of compensating poor and tenants, says Sharp, "was a recognition of the pressing social problem that
1625-489: The Crown, Queen Elizabeth bestowed it on Sir Thomas Leighton, who married her neere Kynswoman Mistris Elizabeth Knolles in which family continuing towe descentes, it is devolved (by purchase) to the honourable house of the Lord Baron Coventree , Lord Keeper of the greate seale. The manor of Feckenham was sold by Leighton to Coventry in 1632, around a year after the forest was broken up. Placenames which record
1690-515: The Darwin's fox, subsequently, is being outcompeted. Another problem they face is their inability to fight off diseases transmitted by the increasing number of pet dogs. To conserve these animals, researchers suggest the need for the forests that link the Nahuelbuta National Park to the coast of Chile and in turn Chiloé Island and its forests, to be protected. They also suggest that other forests around Chile be examined to determine whether Darwin's foxes have previously existed there or can live there in
1755-504: The Hanbury Park area "is best viewed as an agriculturally despoilt part of the greater forest area. Field size is large, arable is the prelevant land use and biodiversity low." Worcestershire County Council 's documents identify that the larger area includes many "irregular fields with hedges rich in woody species indicating their origins from assarts cut into the ancient wildwood"; examples would include Astwood . Upper Bentley has
1820-515: The King's shall in future intermeddle in the woods saving in matters touching the King's venison". Land disputes are also recorded with the Abbotts of Evesham , who enclosed a large part of the forest, when it was at its greatest extent, arguing they had the right under old charters. Their wood at Sambourne was seized in 1280 as compensation. Records of inquisitions and the Forest Eyre in
1885-466: The King, his farmers, and the substantial landholders in the forests". At Feckenham, the 60 acres to the poor was divided into plots for the poor cottagers. In Hanbury, 80 acres went to cottagers, while 20 were given to the churchwardens to provide an income to distribute to the poor. The plots granted to cottagers can be estimated to be around 1.5 acres. At Bradley, ancient cottagers were to receive 1.5 acres, and newly erected cottages 1 acre. Evidence of
1950-550: The Salt Way. Appointments could be of considerable prestige. The forest's titular head was the keeper, whose role was essentially honorary. Prominent appointments included Geoffrey Chaucer (1389) and Gilbert Talbot of Grafton (1492). Under the keeper were verderers who were the main enforcers of forest law, investigating infractions and trespasses. Their official symbol was an axe. Woodwards guarded royal timber rights and venison. Poaching and encroachment on royal rights
2015-460: The ability to disguise as an attractive female human . Others depict them as mystical, sacred creatures who can bring wonder or ruin. Nine-tailed foxes appear in Chinese folklore, literature, and mythology, in which, depending on the tale, they can be a good or a bad omen. The motif was eventually introduced from Chinese to Japanese and Korean cultures. The constellation Vulpecula represents
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2080-534: The area may have been used by Edward the Confessor and his predecessors for hunting. Large areas of Worcestershire were subject to forest law at the time of the Domesday Book . Forest law itself evolved greatly in the early Norman period. The forest boundaries were extended greatly during the reign of Henry II, expanding from 34 to 184 square miles. The forest boundaries were reduced back in 1301. The wood
2145-577: The commoners. Sir Miles Fleetwood was charged with surveying the lands before the disafforestation. The response of the inhabitants was to refuse to accept their allocation of common land, on the grounds that they had only agreed to them "for fear and by terrible threats" and that their allocations did not compensate them for the loss of common rights. Ultimately 155 of them complained to the Court of Exchequer . A further commission in November 1630 reduced
2210-464: The details below. Request from 172.68.168.133 via cp1102 cp1102, Varnish XID 537787761 Upstream caches: cp1102 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 05:42:53 GMT Fox All other species in Canini Foxes are small-to-medium-sized omnivorous mammals belonging to several genera of the family Canidae . They have a flattened skull; upright, triangular ears;
2275-483: The early 19th century for sport, and have since become widespread through much of the country. They have caused population decline among many native species and prey on livestock, especially new lambs. Fox hunting is practiced as recreation in several other countries including Canada, France, Ireland, Italy, Russia, United States and Australia. There are many records of domesticated red foxes and others, but rarely of sustained domestication. A recent and notable exception
2340-710: The family Canidae, foxes have partially retractable claws . Fox vibrissae, or whiskers , are black. The whiskers on the muzzle, known as mystacial vibrissae, average 100–110 millimetres ( 3 + 7 ⁄ 8 – 4 + 3 ⁄ 8 inches) long, while the whiskers everywhere else on the head average to be shorter in length. Whiskers (carpal vibrissae) are also on the forelimbs and average 40 mm ( 1 + 5 ⁄ 8 in) long, pointing downward and backward. Other physical characteristics vary according to habitat and adaptive significance. Fox species differ in fur color, length, and density. Coat colors range from pearly white to black-and-white to black flecked with white or grey on
2405-461: The family, such as raccoon dogs . In the largest species, the red fox , males weigh between 4.1 and 8.7 kg (9.0 and 19.2 lb), while the smallest species, the fennec fox , weighs just 0.7 to 1.6 kg ( 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 to 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 lb). Fox features typically include a triangular face, pointed ears, an elongated rostrum , and a bushy tail. They are digitigrade (meaning they walk on their toes). Unlike most members of
2470-526: The first nonlinear oscillation studied and led to the derivation of the Lotka–Volterra equation . Fox meat is edible, though it is not considered a common cuisine in any country. Fox hunting originated in the United Kingdom in the 16th century. Hunting with dogs is now banned in the United Kingdom, though hunting without dogs is still permitted. Red foxes were introduced into Australia in
2535-586: The forest and survived by using the common. On 28 March 1631, a riot took place in which three miles of fencing were thrown down. The rioting was taken highly seriously by the Privy Council , which was also disturbed by what it perceived as inaction by local militias and courts. Actions were brought against the rioters in Star Chamber in 1631. The Privy Council wrote to the Lord President of
2600-574: The forest had therefore been cut, and was being farmed by the time the forest was abolished in 1629. The woodland can be seen on maps produced in this period, including that by Christopher Saxton and on the Sheldon Tapestry . Indeed, a great deal of the land in the forest had long been cultivated. The covert of the forest consisted of the walks of Walkwood and Berrow Wood (at Berrow Hill in Feckenham), but there were few deer, because of
2665-509: The former forest area as having a high potential for forestry, ("Woodland Opportunity Priority 1' or 'Priority 2') while the agricultural land quality is mediocre or poor (Grade 3 or 4 agricultural land). 52°16′N 2°01′W / 52.26°N 2.02°W / 52.26; -2.02 Royal forest Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include
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2730-565: The fruit intact. The island fox , though considered a near-threatened species throughout the world, is becoming increasingly endangered in its endemic environment of the California Channel Islands . A population on an island is smaller than those on the mainland because of limited resources like space, food and shelter. Island populations are therefore highly susceptible to external threats ranging from introduced predatory species and humans to extreme weather . On
2795-1143: The future, should the need to reintroduce the species to those areas arise. And finally, the researchers advise for the creation of a captive breeding program, in Chile, because of the limited number of mature individuals in the wild. Foxes are often considered pests or nuisance creatures for their opportunistic attacks on poultry and other small livestock. Fox attacks on humans are not common. Many foxes adapt well to human environments, with several species classified as "resident urban carnivores" for their ability to sustain populations entirely within urban boundaries. Foxes in urban areas can live longer and can have smaller litter sizes than foxes in non-urban areas. Urban foxes are ubiquitous in Europe, where they show altered behaviors compared to non-urban foxes, including increased population density, smaller territory, and pack foraging. Foxes have been introduced in numerous locations, with varying effects on indigenous flora and fauna. In some countries, foxes are major predators of rabbits and hens. Population oscillations of these two species were
2860-493: The great flock of sheep that grazed in the forest. No less than 732 acres had been assarted out of these by 1591. however, the forest was clearly a major support for those using its lands for fuel, timber and livestock. It also provided fruit. The Lord Treasurer Robert Cecil began the work of disafforestation across the Royal estate. In Feckenham, the Crown raised £1100 from the sale of 1600 trees in 1609; and in 1612 £821 from
2925-486: The inadequacy of the settlement for the poorest residents comes from the legal challenge they made in 1630 to express dissatisfaction with the proceedings. Only 30 of the 184 complainants were entitled to compensation. The others were tenants on lands cleared without permission or subtenants who had no right of common. These residents were the main obstacle to reaching agreement on disafforestation. The area lacked important industries, so large numbers of cottagers had settled in
2990-511: The male line. He died a year later without an heir. Forest law across the country was less and less enforced during the 16th century. The wooded areas were home to numerous species of animals including badgers , foxes , martens , otters , wild boars , wild cats and wolves . The main animals that were hunted as game were hare , red and fallow deer . Warrens sheltered stocks of pheasant , partridge and woodcock . There were also fishponds near Feckenham and deer parks. Wolves were
3055-800: The mammary gland to the nipple, allowing for milk to be carried to the nipple. The fox's vocal repertoire is vast, and includes: In the case of domesticated foxes, the whining seems to remain in adult individuals as a sign of excitement and submission in the presence of their owners. Canids commonly known as foxes include the following genera and species: Several fox species are endangered in their native environments. Pressures placed on foxes include habitat loss and being hunted for pelts, other trade, or control. Due in part to their opportunistic hunting style and industriousness, foxes are commonly resented as nuisance animals. Contrastingly, foxes, while often considered pests themselves, have been successfully employed to control pests on fruit farms while leaving
3120-551: The manor of Bentley Pauncefoot in 1281 for rabbits. Some of the manors within the forest area were owned by the Bishop of Worcester , and a few were owned by the King, such as Feckenham, Inkberrow , Bromsgrove and Chaddesley Corbett . Inkberrow had a royal deer park. Forest law was especially harsh and a cause of considerable grievance. Governance centred on Feckenham where the courthouse and gaol were located. Executions took place at Gallows Green, between Hanbury and Droitwich on
3185-595: The new foxes became more tame, allowing themselves to be petted, whimpering to get attention and sniffing and licking their caretakers. Foxes are among the comparatively few mammals which have been able to adapt themselves to a certain degree to living in urban (mostly suburban) human environments. Their omnivorous diet allows them to survive on discarded food waste , and their skittish and often nocturnal nature means that they are often able to avoid detection, despite their larger size. Urban foxes have been identified as threats to cats and small dogs, and for this reason there
3250-478: The presence of the forest may include: The most substantial areas are in the north west area as extended under Henry II, rather than the woodlands around Feckenham. Many are now managed by the Wildlife Trusts , who have a "Forest of Feckenham" living landscape project to restore some of the habitats: Very little of the original woodlands are left. Biological surveys of Worcestershire show some evidence of
3315-586: The presence of the forest, for instance ancient trees are found in greater density in the areas of former forest. The Forest of Feckenham area has been designated a "Biodiversity Enhancement Area" in the West Midlands Regional Spatial Strategy . This documents the area as comprising "ancient countryside with a mixed farmland mosaic of arable cultivation and temporary grass leys, ancient semi- natural woodland, old grassland, wetland, and traditional orchards". However, others claim
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#17327725728023380-559: The prey's neck and shake it until it is dead or can be readily disemboweled. The gray fox is one of only two canine species known to regularly climb trees; the other is the raccoon dog . The male fox's scrotum is held up close to the body with the testes inside even after they descend. Like other canines, the male fox has a baculum , or penile bone. The testes of red foxes are smaller than those of Arctic foxes. Sperm formation in red foxes begins in August–September, with
3445-417: The sale of assart lands. In the following years, more wood was cut down. King James 's Lord Treasurer Cranfield commissioned surveys into assart lands of various forests, including Feckenham in 1622, in order to increase revenues from the forests. This accelerated the wider policy of disafforestation. Near the end of 1627, William Ashton and William Turnor were granted a lease of the forest in return for
3510-569: The south of Feckenham. At its greatest extent, the forest covered an area including Bromsgrove , Redditch , and Evesham , reaching to the gates of Worcester . It extended across the Warwickshire boundary as far as the river Arrow , where it adjoined the Forest of Arden . Its extent prior to Henry II was around 34 square miles (88 km), encompassing an area with Tardebigge in the north, including Hanbury , approaching Droitwich in
3575-850: The testicles attaining their greatest weight in December–February. Vixens are in heat for one to six days, making their reproductive cycle twelve months long. As with other canines, the ova are shed during estrus without the need for the stimulation of copulating. Once the egg is fertilized, the vixen enters a period of gestation that can last from 52 to 53 days. Foxes tend to have an average litter size of four to five with an 80 percent success rate in becoming pregnant. Litter sizes can vary greatly according to species and environment – the Arctic fox , for example, can have up to eleven kits. The vixen usually has six or eight mammae . Each teat has 8 to 20 lactiferous ducts , which connect
3640-466: The then extent of the forest. The Perambulation also recommended the reduction of the royal forest to its earlier size, to include only the Parish of Feckenham, Bradley , the western part of Hanbury, parts of Stoke Prior and Bentley Pauncefoot . Foxlydiate and Headless Cross were on the northeastern boundary. Disputes about the forest boundary continued. Edward II expanded the use of forest law in
3705-411: The underside. Fennec foxes (and other species of fox adapted to life in the desert, such as kit foxes ), for example, have large ears and short fur to aid in keeping the body cool. Arctic foxes , on the other hand, have tiny ears and short limbs as well as thick, insulating fur, which aid in keeping the body warm. Red foxes , by contrast, have a typical auburn pelt , the tail normally ending with
3770-524: The west and approaching Alcester in the south east. It was extended, along with many other forests, during Henry II's reign to encompass about 184 square miles (480 km). This stretched from Evesham in the south, close to Worcester, up to Droitwich and Wychbold in the west, to Stone , Chaddesley Corbett and Alvechurch in the north, and Redditch , Studley and Alcester in the east. These boundaries are described in an official Great Perambulation made for Edward I in 1300-1, which also sets out
3835-476: The wild population to breed them in captivity until they had enough foxes to release back into the wild. Nonnative grazers were also removed so that native plants would be able to grow back to their natural height, thereby providing adequate cover and protection for the foxes against golden eagles. Darwin's fox was considered critically endangered because of their small known population of 250 mature individuals as well as their restricted distribution. However,
3900-513: The wild, the typical lifespan of a fox is one to three years, although individuals may live up to ten years. Unlike many canids, foxes are not always pack animals. Typically, they live in small family groups, but some (such as Arctic foxes ) are known to be solitary. Foxes are omnivores . Their diet is made up primarily of invertebrates such as insects and small vertebrates such as reptiles and birds. They may also eat eggs and vegetation. Many species are generalist predators, but some (such as
3965-488: The wolves, with men, dogs and his own devices in every way he thinks proper. However, for a long time wolf populations were managed, rather than destroyed, as they were hunted for sport. Wolves were eventually eliminated in England in the reign of Henry VII . The sporting rights pertaining to the forest belonged to the king. He had rights over hunting game, feeding pigs on acorns and beech nuts; and timber and ‘underwood’. Rights of warren were granted to Grimbald Pauncefoote in
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#17327725728024030-474: Was encroached to produce salt in Droitwich , and was quite reduced by the time it was disafforested during the reign of King Charles I in 1629. The process of disafforestation created considerable social unrest and riots. A few areas of ancient forest still remain near Dodford and Chaddesley Corbett. The underlying geology of the forest area is mostly clay or sands and gravels. There are also peatland bogs to
4095-550: Was not simply a matter of the poor taking game and, when caught, being executed. Many of the documented offences involved either noblemen or churchmen and were punished by heavy fines. The Bishop of Worcester was fined 500 marks (£333/6/8d) in 1290 for "trespasses of vert and venison" and a further £200 in 1291. Under Henry III, however, the Church of St Mary, that is Worcester Cathedral , was granted rights to hunt in their own forests, so that "no forester, verderer or other bailiffs of
4160-552: Was rapidly sold off and is now known as Forest Farm. The Lord of Hanbury and Feckenham manors, Sir Edward Leighton, gained around 80 acres in Monkwood and 360 acres around Feckenham, including the Queen's Coppice, Ranger's Coppice, Timber Coppice, Fearful Coppice and Red Slough Coppice. Feckenham Park was described some time after 1632 by Thomas Habingdon, and gives a picture of its transformation from forest to farmlands: The king had
4225-405: Was the ultimate cause of the riots. The total sums seem quite generous, but the amount disbursed to each cottager was a mere pittance. With one hand the Crown deprived the large and growing population of poor cottagers in each forest an essential part of their income – free access to thousands of acres of waste ground – and with the other offered to them the crumbs left over from the feast consumed by
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