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53-617: Anderson met Cora Ann Cremeans in Bend, Oregon , in 1944; they married three days later, on 3 May, claiming that they had encountered each other many times before in the astral realm. Born in Nyota, Alabama , in January 1915, Cora had been exposed to folk magic practices from childhood; reputedly, her Irish grandfather was a "root doctor" who was known among locals as the " druid ". The Andersons claimed that one of their first acts after their marriage

106-533: A 16-inch reflecting Ritchey–Chrétien telescope . According to the City's 2023 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, the largest employers in the city are: In 2005, Bend's economic profile comprised five industry categories: tourism (7,772 jobs); healthcare and social services (6,062 jobs); professional, scientific and technical services (1,893 jobs); wood products manufacturing (1,798 jobs); and recreation and transportation equipment (1,065 jobs). In 2019,

159-724: A dozen microbreweries in the city. Each year the city hosts many events celebrating its brewing culture, including the Bend Oktoberfest, the Little Woody Barrel Aged Brew and Whiskey Fest, Bend Brewfest, and Central Oregon Beer Week. Beer aficionados can also visit many of the breweries along the Bend Ale Trail. As of 2018, there were 23 breweries in Bend and 4 hard cider companies. Since 2017, Bend's Worthy Brewing has hosted an observatory with

212-541: A general vote of the community's 300 residents; it was platted by Pilot Butte Development Company on May 28, 1904. On January 4, 1905, the city held its first official meeting as an incorporated municipality , appointing A. H. Goodwillie as its first mayor. In 1910, Mirror Pond was created by the construction of the Bend Water, Light & Power Company dam on the Deschutes River in Bend. The dam provided

265-626: A member of the Alameda Lodge of the Fraternal Order of Eagles , and he subsequently remained so for forty years. Victor earned his living as a musician, playing the accordion at events, while Cora worked as a hospital cook. It has been claimed that Anderson could speak Hawaiian, Spanish, Creole, Greek, Italian, and Gothic. In the mid-1950s Victor and Cora read Witchcraft Today , a 1954 book by English Wiccan Gerald Gardner , with Cora claiming that Victor corresponded with Gardner for

318-510: A report in which Bend had the largest price drop in the country, 23 percent, from first quarter of 2009 to the first quarter of 2010. The city is becoming known for its burgeoning art scene, and is home to numerous visual and fine art galleries, as well as the independent BendFilm Festival, which launched in 2004. There are numerous public art displays , including the Roundabout Art Route tour of outdoor sculptures throughout

371-531: A time. The Pagan studies scholar Chas S. Clifton has suggested that the Andersons used Gardner's work as a "style guide" for the development of their own tradition of modern Pagan Witchcraft. Similarly, Kelly stated that the Andersons' tradition "began to more and more resemble that of the Gardnerians" as the couple learned more about the latter, adopting elements from it. Anderson was in correspondence with

424-528: A written body of Feri teachings, and began offering paid classes in the tradition in the 1980s, generating the Bloodrose lineage; doing so generated controversy among Feri initiates, with critics believing that it was morally wrong to charge for teaching. Bend, Oregon Bend is a city in Central Oregon and the county seat of Deschutes County , Oregon , United States. It is located to

477-485: Is Central Oregon's most populous city. In the 2020 census , it had a population of 99,178, with the eponymous metropolitan statistical area (MSA) population totaling 247,493. This makes the city and MSA the sixth-most populous city and fifth largest metropolitan area in Oregon, respectively. Native Americans hunted and fished in the area. In late 1824, members of a fur-trapping party led by Peter Skene Ogden visited

530-672: Is September 13 through June 19. Max 90 or more Bend is the larger principal city of the Bend-Prineville CSA, a Combined Statistical Area that includes the Bend metropolitan area (Deschutes County) and the Prineville micropolitan area (Crook County), which had a combined estimated population of 260,919 by the United States Census Bureau in 2023. As of the 2020 census , there were 99,178 people, 40,969 households, and 25,421 families residing in

583-408: Is dammed to form Mirror Pond. Bend's elevation is 3,623 feet (1,104 metres) above sea level. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 35.046 square miles (90.77 km ), of which 34.801 square miles (90.13 km ) is land and 0.245 square miles (0.63 km ) is water. Inside the city limits is Pilot Butte State Scenic Viewpoint , an old cinder cone . Bend

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636-491: Is known for its annual Indian summer . Bend's growing season is short; according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture 's National Resources Conservation Service , in half of the years between 1971 and 2000, the USDA weather station in Bend recorded the last below-freezing temperatures after July 3 and the first below-freezing temperatures before August 31. Based on 1981–2010 normals, the average window for freezing temperatures

689-480: Is one of three cities in the continental U.S. (with Portland, Oregon , and Jackson, Mississippi ) to have an extinct volcano within its city limits. It is reached by U.S. Route 20 . A lesser known characteristic of Bend, the Horse Lava Tube System enters and borders the eastern edge of the city. Just south of Bend is Newberry National Volcanic Monument on U.S. Route 97 . Bend's climate

742-470: Is typical of the high desert with cool nights and sunny days, classified as semi-arid ( Köppen climate classification BSk ). Annual precipitation averages 11.2 in (280 mm). Annual average snowfall is 23.8 inches (60.5 cm). The winter season in Bend provides a mean temperature of 31.1 °F (−0.5 °C) in December. Nighttime temperatures are not much lower than daytime highs during

795-561: The Alexandrian Wiccans Alex Sanders and Stewart Farrar , subsequently introducing various Alexandrian elements into Feri. In the early 1970s, the Andersons established a new coven with Pendderwen and his initiate, Alison Harlow. After Pendderwen married, his wife also joined this coven, although it disbanded in 1974. Over the next four decades, the Andersons would initiate between twenty-five and thirty people into their tradition. Anderson has been described as

848-700: The Mexican War (and for whom Todd Lake is named), purchased a land claim in the area and named it "Farewell Bend Ranch". Todd sold this to John Sisemore in 1881, who applied for a post office in 1886. Because the name "Farewell Bend" was already in use, it was shortened to "Bend" by the United States Post Office Department . Constructed in May 1901, the Pilot Butte Development Company 's little plant

901-618: The Seattle Times , single-family home prices dropped more than 40 percent from a peak of $ 396,000 in May 2007 to $ 221,000 in March 2009. Additional signs of the housing downturn include an April 2009 Deschutes county unemployment rate of 12.6 percent and in a tri-county area of Deschutes, Crook and Jefferson counties a 66 percent rise in homelessness from 2006 to 2,237. In May 2010, the Federal Housing and Finance Agency released

954-508: The poverty line , including 13.8% of those under age 18 and 5.8% of those age 65 or over. Tourism is one of Bend's largest sectors. The Mount Bachelor ski resort brings in tourists from all over Oregon, Washington, and California. The nearby Cascade Lakes are also a large draw for tourists. Recreational activities include downhill and cross country skiing, hiking, biking, rafting, golfing, camping, fishing, picnicking, rock climbing, and general sightseeing. Transient room tax revenues through

1007-454: The "founding teacher" and the "seminal voice" of the Feri tradition. The original word that the Andersons used for their tradition was Vicia , which Cora was known to say was Italian. She added that "the name Fairy became accidentally attached to our tradition because Victor so often mentioned that word in speaking of nature spirits and Celtic magic.” Early initiates alternately spelled the name of

1060-476: The 2008 and 2009 XTERRA Trail Running National Championships, the 2009 and 2010 United States National Cyclo-cross Championships , the 2009 and 2010 USA Cycling Elite Road National Championships and the 2013, 2015 and 2016 USA Cross Country Championships . In 2019 and 2020, Bend hosted USA Climbing's pro and youth National Bouldering Championships. A popular spot for cycling, Bend has over 300 mi (480 km) of mountain bike trails and from 1980 to 2019

1113-399: The Andersons mixed terminology adopted from Huna, Gardnerian Wicca, and Vodou, believing that all reflected the same underlying magico-religious tapestry. It drew heavily upon the huna system developed by Max Freedom Long . According to one Feri initiate, Corvia Blackthorn: The Andersons' teaching method was very informal. There were no classes in an academic sense, only conversations and

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1166-452: The Andersons' Feri tradition was Starhawk , who incorporated ideas from the Feri tradition when creating Reclaiming . She also included aspects from it in her 1979 book, The Spiral Dance , including mention of the Iron and Pearl Pentagram and the three souls, all of which originated within Feri. Another prominent initiate was Gabriel Carillo (Caradoc ap Cador), who in the late 1970s developed

1219-613: The Bend City Building Division fell from 826 in August 2006 to 533 in August 2007, a 35 percent decrease. A large influx of new residents drawn by Bend's lifestyle amenities, along with the low interest rates and easy lending that fostered a national housing boom in 2001–05, resulted in increased activity in Bend's construction and real estate sectors and caused the rate of home price appreciation in Bend to grow substantially during that period. Median home prices in

1272-691: The Bend MSA increased by over 80% in the 2001–05 period. In June 2006, Money magazine named the Bend MSA the fifth most overpriced real estate market in the United States. By September 2006, the Bend metro area ranked second in the list of most overpriced housing markets, and in June 2007 it was named the most overpriced housing market in America. The 2008−09 housing downturn had a strong effect on Bend's housing and economic situation. According to

1325-586: The Italian-American Wiccan Leo Martello , who encouraged Anderson to found his own coven. Circa 1960, the Andersons founded a coven, naming it Mahealani, after the Hawaiian word for the full moon. Throughout the late 1950s and early 1960s, the Andersons initiated a number of individuals into the coven. One of these was Gwydion Pendderwen , a friend of their son who shared their interest in the esoteric . Pendderwen contributed to

1378-532: The age of 18 living with them, 50.2% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.4% were non-families. 26.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42, and the average family size was 2.92. The age distribution was 24.5% under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 31.1% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

1431-590: The age of 18, 5.1% were under 5 years of age, and 17.0% were 65 and older. As of the 2010 census , there were 76,639 people, 31,790 households, and 19,779 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,322.0/sq mi (896.5/km ). There were 36,110 housing units at an average density of 1,093.9/sq mi (422.4/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 91.3% White , 0.5% African American , 0.8% Native American , 1.2% Asian , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 3.4% from other races , and 2.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 8.2% of

1484-471: The area. John C. Frémont , John Strong Newberry , and other United States Army survey parties came next. Subsequent pioneers heading further west passed through the area and forded the Deschutes River at a canyonless double bend, which may have actually been referred to as "Farewell Bend". The area was settled by Euro-Americans in the 1870s. John Young Todd, a Missourian who participated in

1537-452: The city with its initial source of electricity. The dam has been owned by Pacific Power since 1926 and still produces electricity that supplies approximately 200 Bend households. In 1916, Deschutes County was formed from the western half of Crook County and Bend was designated as the county seat . In 1929, Bend amended the charter and adopted the council–manager form of government. The 1950 closure of Shevlin-Hixon Lumber Company (which

1590-780: The city. Bend is home to the Bend Elks of the West Coast Collegiate Baseball League . The Elks play at Vince Genna Stadium . Former minor league teams include the Bend Rockies , Bend Bucks , Bend Phillies , Bend Timber Hawks , and Bend Rainbows . Bend is also the home of the Central Oregon Hotshots of the International Basketball League . The Central Oregon Steelheaders, continually one of

1643-443: The city. During the same year, tourism generated $ 570 million and employed 16% of the city's workforce. Brauns, L. (November 21, 2021). According to a 2019 economic impact data from Travel Oregon, “the local tourism industry employs 10,000 people and brings in more than $ 1 billion into the regional economy” Room taxes attributed to tourism in Bend is divided up to be given back to the community. Bend, Oregon depends on $ 7 million in

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1696-413: The city. The population density was 2,949.8 inhabitants per square mile (1,138.9/km ). There were 44,449 housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 84.5% White , 0.5% African American , 0.7% Native American , 1.6% Asian , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 3.6% from some other races and 9.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.2% of the population. 20.8% of residents were under

1749-483: The city. The population density was 1,624.8 people per sq mi (627.4/km ). There were 22,507 housing units at an average density of 702.9 per sq mi (271.4/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 93.98% White, 0.28% African American, 0.79% Native American, 1.00% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 1.75% from other races, and 2.12% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 4.61% of the population. There were 21,062 households, out of which 31.9% had children under

1802-421: The development of what came to be known as the Feri tradition, with some members of the lineage viewing him as one of its co-founders, along with Victor and Cora. Pendderwen noted that he had first met the family when, aged thirteen, he got into a fistfight with Victor Elon, although the two later became friends. Pendderwen was particularly influenced by Welsh mythology , and on a visit to Britain he spent time with

1855-507: The east of the Cascade Range , on the Deschutes River . The site became known by pioneers as a fordable crossing point of the river, where it ran through a bend. An 1870s ranch popularized the name "Farewell Bend", with the post office later distinguishing the area as Bend. It was incorporated as a city in 1905, starting off as a logging town. In 1910, Mirror Pond was created as a dammed river reservoir to provide energy. In 1950,

1908-516: The first quarter of fiscal year 2015 equaled $ 2,221,610. The transient room tax is used in partnership with Visit Bend and the Bend Economic Development Advisory Board to convert visitors to Bend into residents and business owners. In 2011, Visit Bend reported that families are the largest demographic that visit Bend (35%), while couples with no children make up the second largest portion (24%) of visitors to

1961-754: The gunman committed suicide . Bend sits on the boundary of the Eastern Cascades Slopes and Foothills , a Level III ecoregion designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the U.S. states of Oregon , Washington , and California , and the Deschutes River Valley , a Level IV ecoregion within the Blue Mountains Level III ecoregion. The Deschutes River runs through Bend, where it

2014-407: The occasional ritual, usually followed by a home-cooked meal. Discussions with Victor were non-linear and overflowing with information. Someone once aptly remarked that talking to Victor was like to trying to drink from a fire hose. Often the connecting threads and underlying patterns in the information didn't become apparent until later on. There was also a non-verbal component to Victor's teaching. He

2067-541: The officially licensed Blockbuster Video in the city became the last remaining one in the world . Much of Bend's rapid growth in recent years is also due to its attraction as a retirement destination. Bend has also become a commuter town for a number of tech workers in the San Francisco Bay Area and Seattle metropolitan area despite the extreme commute , due to its appeal to the outdoors as well as its relatively cheap cost of living compared to

2120-441: The population. There were 31,790 households, of which 31.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.9% were married couples living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.8% were non-families. 27.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

2173-541: The room tax income that essentially funds services for Streets, Fire, and Police. $ 3 million are specifically contributed to Tourism Promotion. As of April 2021, the Bend City Council has agreed to spend an undisclosed portion of the $ 3 million to maintain some of the trails in the city. Bend is home to the Deschutes Brewery , the eighth-largest craft brewery in the nation and the largest of over

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2226-541: The skyrocketing rent and housing prices of the Bay Area and Seattle. In 2005 construction and real estate accounted for 17.3 percent of all jobs in the Bend metropolitan statistical area (MSA), which constitutes all of Deschutes County. This figure is about 70 percent more than the proportion of construction and real estate jobs in the Oregon and national economies. Construction activity in Bend appears to be slowing. The number of building permit applications received by

2279-640: The top teams in the NW conference of the Premier Arena Soccer League (PASL), play at the Central Oregon Indoor Sports Center in Bend. Bend is the home of the professional cross-country skiing team XC Oregon, which competes in races locally, regionally, nationally and internationally. Bend has had success in landing major sporting events such as the 2008 and 2009 USA Winter Triathlon National Championships,

2332-481: The tradition as Fairy , Faery , or Faerie , although Anderson began using the spelling Feri during the 1990s to more easily differentiate it from other Wiccan traditions of the same or similar names; not all practitioners followed his example. Cora claimed that Feri was the word's original spelling, adding that it meant "the things of magic". Anderson also referred to it as the Pictish tradition. In their writing,

2385-686: The two major logging companies were consolidated due to depleted timber, causing an economic drop. In later decades, it experienced rapid growth as a center of recreation. Situated in high desert , Bend is bordered by the Deschutes National Forest to the southwest. Economically, it is a tourist destination, featuring recreational attractions (e.g. breweries , an amphitheater , and the last Blockbuster video-rental store) as well as outdoor sports, including mountain biking , fishing , hiking , camping , rock climbing , white-water rafting , skiing , paragliding , and golf . Bend

2438-467: The winter. Annually, the lowest nighttime temperature is typically −5 °F (−21 °C) to −10 °F (−23 °C) (Zone 6). Central Oregon summers are marked by their very large diurnal temperature ranges, with a July daily average of 64.5 °F (18.1 °C), and an average diurnal temperature variation approaching 35 °F (20 °C). Hard frosts are not unheard of during the summer months. Autumn usually brings warm, dry days and cooler nights. Bend

2491-435: Was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.91. The median age in the city was 36.6 years. 23.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 30% were from 25 to 44; 25.1% were from 45 to 64; and 12.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.0% male and 51.0% female. As of the 2000 census , there were 52,029 people, 21,062 households, and 13,395 families residing in

2544-422: Was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.6 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 40,857, and in 2006 the median income for a family of four is $ 58,800. Males had a median income of $ 33,377 versus $ 25,094 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 21,624. About 6.9% of families and 10.5% of the population were below

2597-453: Was a true shaman, and had the ability to shift the consciousness of his students on a level well below the surface of conversation. According to Kelly: Studying with Victor presented some unusual problems. He demanded as much respect as any working-class grandfather might. One could ask for clarification, but to even hint that one disagreed with him, or worse yet, to contradict him, would result in an immediate and permanent order to leave. One

2650-503: Was sold to Brooks-Scanlon ), due to a lack of significant timber, caused the largest economic drop in the region since the Great Depression . In later decades, it experienced rapid growth as a center for both recreation and retirement. On August 28, 2022, a mass shooting occurred at a Safeway grocery store in Bend. Two senior citizens, one of whom was an employee at the store, were killed, and two others were wounded before

2703-475: Was tempted to ask such forbidden questions because Victor lived in mythic time and was totally uninterested in other people's concepts of logic or consistency;... Another student told me that when Victor read a new book and believed it was true, then he considered it to have always been true and would rethink his history accordingly. According to one initiate, Jim Schuette, Anderson was "a taskmaster. He took pride in testing his students." One of those initiated into

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2756-569: Was the erection of an altar . The following year, a son was born, and they named him Victor Elon, with the latter being the Hebrew word for oak ; Cora stated that she had received the name in a dream. After the birth, a ritual was held to dedicate the infant to the Goddess. In 1948, the family moved to Niles, California , later that year purchasing a home in San Leandro . There, Anderson became

2809-538: Was the first commercial sawmill in Bend, also providing the town's first irrigation . The original location was at the rear of the Pilot Butte Inn of later years. Steidl and Reed also set up a small mill in Bend in 1903. This was on the Deschutes River just below the Pioneer Park area. The mill was operated by water power. A small community developed around the area. In 1904, a city was incorporated by

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