Misplaced Pages

#509490

43-802: A Law promulgated in October 1868 destinated money collected from foreign trade and import taxes to the construction of a railway line between the Provinces of Córdoba and Jujuy . The construction and subsequent operation of the line was entrusted to "Compañía Telfner", who began to work on the line in 1873, reaching the city of Recreo ( Catamarca ) on 1 May 1875, San Antonio, Jujuy in July that same year and finally reaching San Miguel de Tucumán on 30 October 1876, being formally inaugurated by then President of Argentina, Nicolás Avellaneda . "I left this city sixteen years ago, with some books under my arm, travellin on

86-598: A Tucumán (that had been inaugurated 4 years before by the "Compañía Francesa de Ferrocarriles") and changed its name to "Ferrocarril Central Norte" Sección Sud whilst the line from Tucumán to Salta and Jujuy became known as "Ferrocarril Central Norte - Sección Norte". The acquisition included Colombres - Guzmán and Pacará - Río Salí branches. The company opened the Salta - Zuviría branch on October 8, 1898. Two years later Pacará - Finca Elisa branch in Santiago del Estero Province

129-546: A climate considered as humid subtropical ( Cfa , according to the Köppen climate classification , with a Cwa tendency). Winters are generally mild, though minimum temperatures can fall below 0 °C (32.0 °F) on cold nights during the winter. Summers are generally hot and humid. During the most extreme heat waves , temperatures have exceeded 45 °C (113.0 °F). Temperatures have exceeded 35 °C (95.0 °F) in every season. Rainfall can be expected throughout

172-640: A historical park containing the grave of Hernandarias (1561-1634), the first American-born governor in South America.) The settlement was moved to the present site in 1653 due to the constant flooding of the Cayastá River. The city of Santa Fe became the provincial capital in 1814, when the territory of the province of Santa Fe was separated from the province of Buenos Aires by the National Constituent Assembly , held in

215-534: A ox-drawn carriage. Today I returned for the first time, on a steam locomotive train, being your President (...) The locomotive, after having running hundred of miles, has entered to the promised land at last. (...) This locomotive represents industry, commerce, art, science, poetry, men's driver and city dweller". Nicolás Avellaneda in the inauguration of the CNR in Tucumán, 30 October 1876 On 28 December 1876

258-568: Is Pucará de Tilcara , Pucará meaning "fortress" (word also used for the Argentine combat aircraft Pucara ). Omaguacas and Ocloyas were later conquered by the Incas during their expansion period. The name Jujuy derives from a type of Inca provincial governor ( xuxuyoc ) encountered there by the Spanish in the late 16th century. In 1593, a small settlement (current San Salvador de Jujuy )

301-659: Is Salta to the east and south. There are three main areas in Jujuy: The vast difference in height and climate produces desert areas such as the Salinas Grandes salt mines and subtropical Yungas jungle. The terrain of the province is mainly arid and semi-desertic across the different areas, except for the El Ramal valley of the San Francisco River. Temperature difference between day and night

344-418: Is moderately underdeveloped, yet very diversified. Its 2006 economy was an estimated US$ 2.998 billion, or, US$ 4,899 per capita (over 40% below the national average). Jujuy is, despite its rural profile, not particularly agrarian. Agriculture contributes about 10% to output and the main agricultural activity is sugarcane . Its processing represents more than half of the province's gross production, and 30% of

387-537: Is more prominent in Jujuy than in some neighboring provinces, adding 15% to its economy. Jujuy is the second largest Argentine producer of iron , used by the Altos Hornos Zapla steel mill . Other industrial activities include mining for construction material, petroleum extraction at Caimancito , salt production from Salinas Grandes salt basin, and paper production fed by the Jujuy's forests with 20% of

430-629: Is the capital city of the province of Santa Fe , Argentina . It is situated in north-eastern Argentina, near the junction of the Paraná and Salado rivers. It lies 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the Hernandarias Subfluvial Tunnel that connects it to the city of Paraná . The city is also connected by canal with the port of Colastiné on the Paraná River. Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz has about 391,164 inhabitants per

473-678: Is wider in higher lands, and precipitation is scarce outside the temperate area of the San Francisco River. The Grande River and the San Francisco River flow to the Bermejo River . The San Juan, La Quiaca, Yavi and Sansana Rivers flow to the Pilcomayo River . Pre-Columbian inhabitants known as the Omaguacas and Ocloyas practiced agriculture and domesticated the guanaco . They had huts made of mud, and erected stone fortresses to protect their villages. An example of such fortresses

SECTION 10

#1732790909510

516-661: The National Route 19 . Santa Fe is home to the Sauce Viejo Airport with daily direct flights to Rosario and Aeroparque Jorge Newbery in Buenos Aires. Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz was founded on the nearby site of Cayastá in 1573 by the conquistador Juan de Garay (1528-1583) during an expedition which he led from Asunción (in present-day Paraguay ) to the Paraná River . (Cayastá today has

559-600: The Quebrada de Humahuaca and its Cerro de los Siete Colores , Pucará de Tilcara , Salinas Grandes and many small towns. Other less frequent destinations include the Calilegua National Park in the Yungas jungle, La Quiaca , Laguna de Pozuelos , and Laguna Guayatayoc . The provincial government is divided into the usual three branches: the executive, headed by a popularly elected governor, who appoint

602-847: The Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata , Jujuy lost its importance and its population started to diminish. During the May Revolution and the battles for the independence of the United provinces of the South , many confrontations took place in Jujuy because the Spanish concentrated their forces in Peru. The people of Jujuy had to endure the Jujuy Exodus , a massive evacuation with a scorched earth policy, led by General Manuel Belgrano . Eventually

645-609: The railway privatisation in Argentina ceased all the long-distance services in the country. In the 2010s, the local municipality remodelled both stations as Guadalupe would be terminus for a new urban train. Nevertheless, the original project was not carried out. On the other hand, the Santa Fe Belgrano station was re-opened as a convention center . The fourth station (also the oldest of all) had been built by French company Province of Santa Fe Railway in 1885. It

688-535: The 2010 census [ INDEC ] . The metropolitan area has a population of 653,073, making it the eighth largest in Argentina. Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz is linked to Rosario (170 km (106 mi) to the south), the largest city in the province, by the Brigadier Estanislao López Highway and by National Route 11 , which continues south towards Buenos Aires . Córdoba is about (340 km (211 mi) west of Santa Fe, through

731-573: The 226 km section from Tucumán to Juramento which was then extended to Güemes and from there branch lines were completed to Salta and Jujuy by 1891. The Central Northern only owned the Tucumán - Juramento section (226 km length). The line continued expanding to North, first reaching Güemes with branches to Salta and Jujuy on January 31, 1891. On 14 January 1896 the State bought the French-owned Ferrocarril de San Cristóbal

774-837: The North of Argentina. The line was built by the Argentine State for the "Compañía Ganadera y Forestal". It was named "ramal El Zapallar" with a junction in Lapachito on the Resistencia - Jujuy line. The company bought some Henschel & Son locomotives for the line, that had an extension of 75 km. This line would be taken over by the Argentine State Railway in 1944. In 1938, the Córdoba Central Railway (with some financial problems)

817-413: The Spanish surrendered, but the war had seriously affected the economy of the area. After a series of internal conflicts, the province declared its autonomy from Tucumán and Salta Provinces on November 18, 1834. Jujuy started a gradual process of economic and social improvement, and at the end of the 19th century the sugarcane industry arose. At the beginning of the 20th century, the railway connected

860-480: The area is still a growing activity and brings a number of Argentine tourists (80%), tourists from other South American countries (12%) and Europeans (7%). Most tourists head for San Salvador de Jujuy to start their exploration of the province. The Horacio Guzmán International Airport, 34 km from San Salvador, connects the province with Buenos Aires , Córdoba , and some destinations in Bolivia . Apart from

903-681: The border with Bolivia was opened later that year on 2 September and was extended to La Quiaca on 25 May 1908. The first section of the line to Chile via Socompa from Empalme Cerrillos to Rosario de Lerma was completed on 27 August 1907. The section from Finca Elisa to El Bracho in Tucumán Province was opened in August 1901. In Santiago del Estero Province branch lines were opened from Empalme Añatuya to Tintina on 11 October 1904, from Clodomira to La Banda on 2 March 1906 and from Puna to Santa Justina on 27 August 1907. On 17 January 1908

SECTION 20

#1732790909510

946-988: The cabinet; the legislative; and the judiciary, headed by the Supreme Court. The Constitution of Jujuy Province forms the formal law of the province. In Argentina, the most important law enforcement organization is the Argentine Federal Police but the additional work is carried out by the Jujuy Provincial Police . The province is divided into 16 departments (in the Spanish language , departamentos ). Department (Capital): 23°45′S 65°30′W  /  23.750°S 65.500°W  / -23.750; -65.500 Santa Fe, Argentina Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz ( Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsanta ˈfe ðe la ˈβeɾa ˈkɾus] ; usually called just Santa Fe , lit. "Holy Faith")

989-768: The city in 1853. Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz became the commercial and transportation center for a rich agricultural area that produces grain, vegetable oils , and meats. The city is the site of the National Technological University – Santa Fe Regional Faculty , Catholic University of Santa Fe (inaugurated in 1959), and the National University of the Littoral (first founded as the Provincial University in 1889, it adopted its current name in 1919). A suspension bridge

1032-444: The city of Formosa and the cities of Salta and Jujuy. The branch line from Pichanal to Orán was opened on 30 June 1915 and another from Empalme Metán to El Tunal was opened on 21 December 1916. The section between Talapampa and Alemania was opened on 7 October 1919. On 11 October 1909 the rail network built by the state-owned company Ferrocarril Argentino del Norte was taken over by the CNR. A branch line between Cebollar and Andalgalá

1075-576: The city remained under water more than a week later. That year, the suspension bridge was reopened, and in 2008, the city's historic grain silos were converted into the Los Silos Hotel and Casino , and San Martín Street was converted to pedestrian use. The city's historical role in the Argentine Constitution led national lawmakers to choose it as the site of Constitutional Conventions in 1949 , 1957 , and 1994 . The city has

1118-405: The fantastic contrast of land colours and formations, tourists are attracted also by the strong aboriginal roots in the culture of Jujuy. Salta wineries growing in popularity have attracted tourists, combining province traditions with "cosmopolitan culture". Aymará and Quechua cultures coexist in the area, and ruins of the Incas are well conserved. Tourists who come to Jujuy visit the area of

1161-515: The following lines: Costado - General Pinedo ( Chaco , 214 km), Joaquín V. González - Pichinal ( Salta , 219 km), Milagro - Quines ( San Luis , 139 km), Roque S. Peña - Campo del Cielo (Chaco, 100 km), Lorenzo Winter - Gral. Conesa ( Río Negro , 108 km), Pedro Vargas - Malargüe ( Mendoza , 186 km). After the World War I Juan Quijano encouraged the creation of a 0,750 mm railway for forest and agricultural commerce in

1204-519: The improvement of the major highways and a subfluvial tunnel. Despite having had four railway stations , nowadays the city Santa Fe is not served by rail transport. The Mitre Railway station is no longer used since 2007, when defunct company Trenes de Buenos Aires cancelled its services to Santa Fe. Likewise, the Santa Fe Belgrano (built in 1891 and named Cultural Heritage) and Guadalupe stations had been entered into disuse in 1993 when

1247-461: The industrial product of the province. Argentina is the world's second largest lithium brine producer which is located in Jujuy (e. g. Salar de Olaroz and Salinas Grandes mines ). The so-called Lithium Triangle, consisting of NW Argentina, Bolivia and NE Chile holds more than half the world's supply. After the financial crisis of 2001 in Argentina, citizens were encouraged to explore their own country as opposed to travelling abroad. Tourism in

1290-458: The lithium extraction as it requires much water which the region has very little of. As of 2019, at a single salt lake 10 billion liters of water were being pumped up from 450 meter depth into solar ponds. They also claim that lithium operations have contaminated the air with residuals of chemicals used to extract lithium, such as lye, hydrated sodium carbonate and others. The dust irritates the eyes of llamas and can cause blindness. Jujuy's economy

1333-670: The national government took over the running of the line and appointed Rafaél Aranda as General Manager of the FCCN. The line was the longest in South America with 547 km. A branch line from Frías to the city of Santiago del Estero was opened on 23 August 1884, and one from Recreo to Chumbicha (both in Catamarca Province ) was opened on 17 February 1886. Construction of the line north from Tucumán towards Salta and Jujuy reached Vipos on 1 April 1885, later that year in June

Central Northern Railway - Misplaced Pages Continue

1376-480: The national sugar production. The second agricultural activity is tobacco , cultivated in the Southeastern valley, as a major national producer. Other crops include beans , citrus and tomatoes , and other vegetables for local consumption. Cattle and goats are raised on a small scale, mainly for local dairies, and llamas , vicuñas and guanacos are raised in significant numbers for wool . Manufacturing

1419-776: The province with Buenos Aires , and La Paz , Bolivia . In 1945, heavy industry first arrived in Jujuy at the hand of General Manuel Savio , a presidential economic advisor who, had Argentina's first modern steel mill installed in Jujuy. In 1969, Jujuy joined oil-rich neighboring Salta Province with the discovery of petroleum by the state-owned YPF . The Gobernador Horacio Guzmán International Airport has operated since 1967. The Colla people are indigenous people who have been living in Jujuy for centuries, practicing subsistent living, farming with llamas and goats. A group of small producers from Suqueños have been fighting in defense of Pachamama and their rights as members of Atacama people . Thirty-three villages have united to oppose

1462-446: The section from Santa Fe to San Cristobal was opened and on 16 September 1909 the section from Las Cejas to Antilla was completed. The line from Bracho to Palá Palá was opened on 6 December 1909 and extended to Leales on 20 June 1915. In 1911 the service between Bandera and Los Juríes was opened and in 1912 between Quilmili to Gancedo and extended to Puerto Vilelas and to Tintina and Campo Gallo in 1914. The line from Rapelli to Betbeder

1505-553: The section from Ruiz de los Llanos to Juramento was completed and in March 1888 the section Vipos to Ruiz de los Llanos was opened. On 28 October 1887 the line from Alta Córdoba to Tucumán, together with the branch lines from Frías to Santiago del Estero, and from Recreo to Chumbicha, 884 km of track in total, were sold to the British-owned Córdoba Central Railway . This left the FCCN with only

1548-449: The year though summer is usually the wettest season. Thunderstorms can be intense with frequent lightning , powerful downdraughts and intense precipitation . The lowest record temperature was −7.0 °C (19.4 °F) on June 13, 1967, while the highest recorded temperature was 45.6 °C (114.1 °F) on January 25, 1986. There is infrastructure for tourism that has been developed: river side bars and nightclubs, chic restaurants,

1591-467: Was added on 27 April 1910 and a section from Empalme Sarrezuela to San Juan was opened on 7 August of the same year thereby providing a rail link between Córdoba and San Juan. A branch line from Dean Funes to Laguna Paiva was completed on 21 December 1912. Branch from La Puerta to Alta Córdoba (120 km) was opened in 1931. During those years more than 112 km of tracks were built. The Argentine State Railway opened 1,027 km else, consisting on

1634-544: Was completed in 1924, though severe flooding partially destroyed it in 1983 (a second bridge, the Oroño, was opened in 1971). The city's location is still not immune to flooding. On April 29, 2003, the Salado, which empties into the Paraná near Santa Fe, rose almost 2 m (6.5 ft) in a few hours following heavy rainfall, and caused a catastrophic flood. No fewer than 100,000 people had to be evacuated, and large sections of

1677-491: Was demolished in 1962 and replaced by a bus station . Railway stations in the city of Santa Fe are: Notes: Santa Fe put itself on the international sports map as one of the host cities of the 1990 FIBA World Championship . The games were played in the Estadio de la Facultad Regional Santa Fe . The Estadio Ángel Malvicino was one of the venues of the 2002 FIVB Men's Volleyball World Championship . Santa Fe also hosted

1720-469: Was erected in the Jujuy valley by the effort of Francisco de Argañaraz y Murguía . Colonial forces fought the resistance by the indigenous Calchaquíes and Omaguacas, so that the European population eventually consolidated in the village. At the end of the 17th century, the customs to the Viceroyalty of Peru was transferred from Córdoba to Jujuy. With the separation from Peru and the creation of

1763-442: Was opened on 15 April 1915, from Naré a San Javier on 30 June 1915 and from Empalme Añatuya to Los Linares on 28 September 1916. The section from Formosa to Kilometre 100 was opened on 22 September 1910 and extended to Las Lomitas on 20 July 1915. The line from Yuto to Embarcación was opened on 28 November 1911 and Embarcación and Las Lomitas were finally joined in 1931, thereby establishing a rail link across Formosa Province between

Central Northern Railway - Misplaced Pages Continue

1806-475: Was opened. In August 1901 the Finca Elisa - El Bracho line was opened in Tucumán Province . The FCCN also began to build a branch from Embarcación (Salta) to Perico (Jujuy), reaching Ledesma in 1904 and its extension to Yuto in 1909. The section from Zubiría to Talapampa on the line from Salta to Alemania was opened on 18 August 1906 and the section from Jujuy to Humahuaca on the line to La Quiaca on

1849-530: Was taken over by the Argentine state, being added to the FCCN network. When the entire Argentine railway network was nationalised in 1948, during Juan Peron 's presidency, the CNR became part of the state-owned company General Belgrano Railway . Jujuy Province Jujuy [xuˈxuj] is a province of Argentina , located in the extreme northwest of the country, at the borders with Chile and Bolivia . The only neighboring Argentine province

#509490