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55-625: Festina was created in 1902 by the Stüdi family in the city of La Chaux-de-Fonds , in Switzerland. In 1935 the founding-family transmitted the brand to businessman, Willy Burkhard von Wilhelm. During World War II , the company was based in Barcelona , Spain . In 1975, Georges Uhlmann, an entrepreneur who had a significant presence in the Spanish and Italian markets, acquired the firm. In 1984,

110-510: A crisis. The traditional model of the individual craftsmen was not compatible with the faster-industrialised production rates, but from the 1880s modernisation slowly but surely took hold in the Swiss watch industry. One of the first modern factories was founded by the Ditesheim brothers Achilles, Leopold and Isidore, who had moved to La Chaux-de-Fonds in 1876. Having joined the trade towards

165-579: A daughter, Clara. He became a naturalized American citizen in 1915. Chevrolet has been inducted into the following halls of fame: In addition, the Indianapolis Motor Speedway Museum in Speedway, Indiana , features a memorial at the entrance to the building dedicated to the accomplishments of Chevrolet. The memorial, designed by Fred Wellman and sculpted by Adolph Wolter , was created during 1968–1970 and installed in

220-628: A mechanic. The following year, he moved to New York City , where he worked briefly for a fellow Swiss immigrant's engineering company, then moved to the Brooklyn operations of the French car manufacturer de Dion-Bouton . In 1905, Chevrolet won his first race, racing a Fiat at Morris Park , the first-ever national championship race sanctioned by the American Automobile Association (AAA) Contest Board , then known as

275-559: A new car in 1909. He built an overhead valve six-cylinder engine in his own machine shop on Grand River Boulevard in Detroit . He is credited as one of three co-designers of the 1910 Buick 60 Special , also known as the "Buick Bug". On November 3, 1911, Chevrolet co-founded the Chevrolet Motor Car Company with his brother Arthur Chevrolet, William C. Durant, and investment partners William Little (maker of

330-427: A rate of 1.4% due to migration and at a rate of −0.2% due to births and deaths. Most of the population (as of 2000 ) speak French (31,653 or 85.5%) as their first language, Italian is the second most common (1,335 or 3.6%) and Portuguese is the third (1,173 or 3.2%). There are 900 people who speak German and 32 people who speak Romansh . As of 2008 , the population was 48.0% male and 52.0% female. The population

385-702: A sponsor / timekeeper of the most important events of the cycling agenda (Tour of Spain, Tour of Britain, etc.). In 2016, actor Gerard Butler became an ambassador of the brand and image of its campaigns worldwide thus moving its brand positioning towards the lifestyle category. With more than 30 years of history, Festina Group is today an international company specialized in the production and commercialization of commercial price range watches and precision parts. The Group currently owns seven different brands of watches. Calypso, Lotus, Festina, Jaguar, Candino and two luxury brands Perrelet and L.Leroy. Festina also owns two jewelry brands, Lotus Style and Lotus Silver, to satisfy

440-407: A total of 16,833 apartments (88.8% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 1,376 apartments (7.3%) were seasonally occupied and 756 apartments (4.0%) were empty. As of 2009 , the construction rate of new housing units was 1 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010 , was 2.05%. The historical population is given in the following chart: La Chaux-de-Fonds

495-403: Is Tierced per fess, Azure three Mullets of Five Argent in fess, Argent a Hive Or surrounded by seven Bees of the same, and chequy [of 7x3] Argent and Azure . La Chaux-de-Fonds has a population (as of December 2020 ) of 36,915. As of 2008 , 29.1% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000–2010) the population has changed at a rate of 1.3%. It has changed at

550-645: Is a Swiss city in the canton of Neuchâtel . It is located in the Jura Mountains at an altitude of 992 metres, a few kilometres south of the French border. After Geneva , Lausanne , Bienne , and Fribourg , it is the fifth-largest city in the Romandie , the French-speaking part of the country, with a population (as of December 2020 ) of 36,915. The city was founded in 1656. Its growth and prosperity are mainly bound up with watchmaking. It

605-496: Is a net importer of workers, with about 2.6 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. About 19.3% of the workforce coming into La Chaux-de-Fonds are coming from outside Switzerland, while 0.1% of the locals commute out of Switzerland for work. Of the working population, 21.4% used public transportation to get to work, and 52.8% used a private car. Religion in La Chaux-de-Fonds, 31.12.2014 According to

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660-430: Is considered as an important showcase for the history of the timekeeping arts. Art Nouveau had a great influence on architecture and culture in the city during the late 19th century. The daily newspaper L'Impartial has been published in La Chaux-de-Fonds since 1880. The Wakker Prize was granted to La-Chaux-de-Fonds in 1994. Louis Chevrolet Louis-Joseph Chevrolet (December 25, 1878 – June 6, 1941)

715-411: Is either rivers or lakes and 0.11 km (27 acres) or 0.2% is unproductive land. Of the built-up area, industrial buildings made up 1.6% of the total area, housing and buildings 8.4%, transport infrastructure 4.6% and parks, green belts and sports fields 1.1%. 24.2% of the total land area is heavily forested and 3.7% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 0.4%

770-1205: Is home to 23 Swiss heritage sites of national significance along with the UNESCO World Heritage Site of La Chaux-de-Fonds / Le Locle. Library/museum/theater: Bibliothèque de la Ville de la Chaux-de-Fonds et Département audiovisuel (DAV), Musée des beaux-arts de La Chaux-de-Fonds, Musée d‘histoire naturelle, the Musée international d’horlogerie «l’homme et le temps» and the Théâtre et Salle de musique on Avenue Léopold-Robert 27–29 Religious: Synagogue on Rue du Parc 63 Farms: Ferme des Brandt at Les Petites-Corsettes 6, Ferme Haute Fie and Maison Carrée at Le Valanvron 9 and Ferme les Crêtets on Rue des Crêtets 148 Companies: Spillmann SA on Rue du Doubs 32 and Usine électrique at Rue Numa-Droz 174 Houses: Villa Anatole Schwob on Rue du Doubs 167, Villa Fallet on Chemin de Pouillerel 1, Villa Gallet on Rue David-Pierre-Bourquin 55, Villa Jaquemet on Chemin de Pouillerel 8, Villa Stotzer on Chemin de Pouillerel 6 and Maison Blanche at Chemin de Pouillerel 12 Other buildings:

825-622: Is named the Avenue Léopold Robert . In the second half of the 18th century, Swiss watch-making was on the rise. Parallel to this and despite residency bans Jewish traders began to settle in the region and became involved in the industry. From 1848 onwards restrictions on residence and settlement of Jews were gradually lifted in the Canton of Neuchâtel . In the 1870s, as American companies began to produce watches and watch parts on an industrial scale, Swiss watch-making experienced

880-469: Is the most important centre of the watch-making industry in the area known as the Watch Valley . Partially destroyed by a fire in 1794, La Chaux-de-Fonds was rebuilt following a grid street plan, which was and is still unique among Swiss cities, the only exception being the easternmost section of the city, which was spared by the fire. It creates an exciting and obvious transition from the old section to

935-412: Is used for growing crops, 40.0% is pasture and 14.2% is alpine pasture. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. The municipality was the capital La Chaux-de-Fonds district until the district level was eliminated on 1 January 2018. It is located in the Jura Mountains near the French border at an elevation of about 1,000 m (3,300 ft). The blazon of the municipal coat of arms

990-493: The Allied Forces . La Chaux-de-Fonds has an area, as of 2009 , of 55.7 square kilometers (21.5 sq mi). Of this area, 30.46 km (11.76 sq mi) or 54.7% is used for agricultural purposes, while 15.52 km (5.99 sq mi) or 27.9% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 9.28 km (3.58 sq mi) or 16.7% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.3 km (0.12 sq mi) or 0.5%

1045-715: The Little automobile ) and Dr. Edwin R. Campbell, son-in-law of Durant and friend of Samuel McLaughlin of the McLaughlin Car Company of Canada Ltd. The company was established in Detroit. One story tells the choosing of the company's logo as a modified Swiss cross , to honor Chevrolet's homeland. Another story tells of the Chevrolet logo as a design taken from the wallpaper of a Paris hotel room where Louis once stayed. Chevrolet had differences with Durant over

1100-616: The Old City of Bern , the Rhaetian Railway and the Abbey and Convent of St. Gallen . The region was first inhabited around 10,000 years ago ( Mesolithic ). A skull and other traces have been found in caves nearby. In the middle of the 14th century, the region was colonized from the southern Val-de-Ruz. La Chaux-de-Fonds is first mentioned in 1350 as la Chaz de Fonz . In 1378 it was mentioned as Chault de Font . The region

1155-729: The aircraft engine construction company Chevrolair, which failed three years later as a result of the Great Depression . He returned to Chevrolet to work as mechanic in the Detroit factories. Chevrolet died on June 6, 1941, in Detroit due to a heart attack. His atherosclerosis had previously led to a leg amputation. He is buried in the Holy Cross and Saint Joseph Cemetery in Indianapolis, Indiana . In 1905, Chevrolet married Suzanne Treyvoux (1888-1966), daughter of Louis Treyvoux and Marie Burlat. The couple had two sons and

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1210-750: The canton of Jura . In 1887, Chevrolet left Switzerland along with his father to settle in Beaune , France. There, as a young man, he developed his mechanical skills and interest in bicycle racing. During this period, Chevrolet invented a wine pump, which he built from a defective one-cylinder motor mounted on a three-wheeled bicycle. Chevrolet worked at the Roblin mechanics shop in Beaune from around 1889 to 1899. He then moved to Paris , where he worked at various mechanics shops, between 1899 and 1900, before emigrating to Montreal , Quebec , Canada in 1900 to work as

1265-406: The secondary sector and there were 550 businesses in this sector. 11,813 people were employed in the tertiary sector , with 1,290 businesses in this sector. There were 17,870 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which women made up 46.1% of the workforce. In 2008 the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 19,692. The number of jobs in the primary sector

1320-403: The 18th century with the development of lace - and watch -making. Pierre Jacquet-Droz , best known for his automata , was a particularly prominent watchmaker of this era. In 1794 the city was devastated by fire. Charles-Henri Junod designed the new city in 1835, which is now known for its ‘modern’ grid-like plan, in comparison with most European cities' meandering streets. The central avenue

1375-573: The 2000 census , 11,320 or 30.6% of the city's inhabitants were Roman Catholic , while 10,258 or 27.7% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church . Of the rest of the population, there were 205 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.55% of the population), there were 300 individuals (or about 0.81% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church , and there were 2,365 individuals (or about 6.39% of

1430-423: The 2010–11 school year, there were 38 kindergarten classes with a total of 728 students in La Chaux-de-Fonds. In the same year, there were 113 primary classes with a total of 2,042 students. As of 2000 , there were 754 students in La Chaux-de-Fonds who came from another municipality, while 644 residents attended schools outside the municipality. La Chaux-de-Fonds is home to 2 libraries. These libraries include;

1485-484: The 20th century, was added the minute micromechanical industry . Along an open-ended scheme of parallel strips on which residential housing and workshops intermingle, the town's planned layout reflects the needs of the local watch-making culture that dates back to the 17th century, and which is still alive today. Both agglomerations present outstanding examples of mono-industrial manufacturing towns, which are still well-preserved and active. Urban planning has accommodated

1540-675: The Bibliothèque de la Ville and the Haute école Arc – Arts appliqués . There was a combined total (as of 2008 ) of 670,267 books or other media in the libraries, and in the same year, a total of 342,720 items were loaned out. La Chaux-de-Fonds is the home of the Musée International d'Horlogerie (International Museum of Watch Making), originally constructed with funds donated by the Gallet watchmaking family in 1899. The Museum

1595-574: The Festina Group the brands Jaguar, Candino and Perrelet are Swiss-made. In 2002, Festina acquired the Swiss watch brand Candino. In 2004, Festina acquired the luxury watch brand, Perrelet, founded in 1777 by the prestigious watchmaker Abraham-Louis Perrelet. In 1992, Festina became the official Timekeeper of the Tour de France until 2016, staying for decades closely linked to the world of cycling as

1650-515: The Indianapolis 500 four times, with a best finish of 7th in 1919. Both Louis and Gaston competed successfully with racing Sunbeams , achieving a number of third places in 1916. Arthur competed twice, and Gaston won the Indianapolis 500 in 1920 in one of their Frontenacs, going on to win the 1920 AAA National Championship . He also raced for the Buick racing team. In 1927, Chevrolet launched

1705-777: The Racing Board. In 1907 he was hired by the Autocar Company in Philadelphia , probably for a secret project to develop a revolutionary front-wheel-drive racing car. His racing career continued as he drove for Buick , becoming a friend and associate of Buick owner William C. Durant , founder of General Motors . He raced at the Giants Despair Hillclimb in 1909. With little in the way of formal education, Chevrolet learned car design while working for Buick and started designing his own engine for

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1760-525: The Spanish businessman Miguel Rodríguez, from La Linea de la Concepción (Cadiz), acquired the Festina brand and all its rights. The Festina brand derived from the Latin " Festina lente " which means: " Make haste, slowly ", a phrase that according to Roman historian, Suetonius , is attributed to Augustus Caesar , known for his prudence: "Walk slowly if you want to arrive at a well-done job sooner". Within

1815-514: The Valangin lands, converted to the new Reformed faith. The Lord of Valanginian, René de Challant, fixed the boundaries of the parish in 1550. The church and parish provided a political structure and a small community of Valanginian citizens, free farmers and peasants grew up around the church. By 1615 there were 355 people living in the village. In 1616, the low and middle jurisdiction over La Chaux-de-Fonds moved to Le Locle and La Sagne, while

1870-408: The canton of Neuchâtel most municipalities provide two years of non-mandatory kindergarten , followed by five years of mandatory primary education. The next four years of mandatory secondary education are provided at thirteen larger secondary schools, which many students travel out of their home municipality to attend. The primary school in La Chaux-de-Fonds is combined with Les Planchettes . During

1925-766: The car's design, and in 1915 sold Durant his share in the company and started McLaughlin's Company in Canada building Chevrolets. By 1916 the trading of Chevrolet stock for GM Holding stock enabled Durant to repurchase a controlling stake in General Motors , and by 1917 the Chevrolet company that Louis had co-founded was merged as a company into General Motors after the outstanding Chevrolet stocks were purchased from McLaughlin in 1918. The McLaughlin Car Company then merged with his Chevrolet Motor Company of Canada Ltd. to become General Motors of Canada Ltd. in 1918, prior to

1980-733: The demands of a wide range of public. The Group's headquarters is located in Madrid, while the main production centers, owned by the Group, are located in Switzerland and Spain. Today the Group, which has seven subsidiaries ( France , Germany , Italy , Benelux , Switzerland , Czech Republic , Poland and Chile ) is present in more than 90 countries on five continents with more than 5 million watches sold per year. [REDACTED] Media related to Festina at Wikimedia Commons La Chaux-de-Fonds La Chaux-de-Fonds ( French pronunciation: [laʃodəfɔ̃] ; archaic German : Schalu )

2035-517: The end of the 19th century, many Jewish manufacturers were less bound to the traditional ideas. Thus they were particularly involved and invested in modernisation processes. The Ditesheim company gained international renown and was renamed ‘ Movado ’ in 1905. Encouraged by economic success, more newcomers arrived, among them many Jews. Of the 180 or so medium-sized family businesses in the town, about 30 per cent were owned by Jewish families in 1912. The Jewish community had grown from 541 to 900 members in

2090-639: The high court remained in Valanginian. Agriculture, supplemented by mills on the banks of the Doubs, continued to dominate. However, at the end of the 16th century, the city became an important crossroad between Neuchâtel , Franche-Comté and the Bishopric of Basel . The community grew during the Thirty Years' War , mainly because of its strategic position for trade. Economic activity accelerated in

2145-654: The incorporation of the General Motors Corporation in the United States when General Motors Company of New Jersey dissolved. In 1916, Louis Chevrolet and his brothers founded the Frontenac Motor Corporation to make racing parts for Ford Model Ts . Also in 1916, American Motors Corporation (unrelated to the later American Motors created by the 1954 merger of Nash-Kelvinator Corporation and Hudson Motor Car Company )

2200-542: The mid-1910s, Chevrolet had shifted into the car racing industry, partnering with Howard E. Blood of Allegan, Michigan , to create the Cornelian racing car, which he used to place 20th in the 1915 Indianapolis 500 automobile race. In 1916, he and his younger brothers Gaston and Arthur Chevrolet started Frontenac Motor Corporation , designing and producing a line of racing cars. They became well known for, among other things, their Fronty-Ford racers. Chevrolet drove in

2255-489: The mountainous environment of the Swiss Jura. Owing to the altitude (1,000 m [3,300 ft]) and the lack of water (porous sandstone underground), the land is ill-suited to farming. Planning and buildings reflect the watch-making artisans' need for rational organization. Rebuilt in the early 19th century, after extensive fires, both towns owe their survival to the manufacturing and exports of watches , to which, in

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2310-431: The movement and storage of goods, 571 or 6.1% were in a hotel or restaurant, 150 or 1.6% were in the information industry, 372 or 4.0% were the insurance or financial industry, 573 or 6.1% were technical professionals or scientists, 816 or 8.7% were in education and 2,078 or 22.3% were in health care. In 2000 , there were 8,916 workers who commuted into the municipality and 3,481 workers who commuted away. The municipality

2365-688: The newer section. The roads in the original section are very narrow and winding and open to the grid pattern near the town square. The famous architect Le Corbusier , the writer Blaise Cendrars , and the carmaker Louis Chevrolet were born there. La Chaux-de-Fonds is a renowned centre of Art Nouveau . In 2009, La Chaux-de-Fonds and Le Locle , its sister city, were jointly awarded UNESCO World Heritage status for their exceptional universal value. The watch-making cities of La Chaux-de-Fonds and Le Locle have jointly received recognition from UNESCO for their exceptional universal value. The Site's planning consists of two small towns located close to each other in

2420-435: The population) did not answer the question. In La Chaux-de-Fonds about 12,347 or (33.4%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education , and 3,943 or (10.7%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule ). Of the 3,943 who completed tertiary schooling, 51.7% were Swiss men, 28.5% were Swiss women, 12.0% were non-Swiss men and 7.7% were non-Swiss women. In

2475-473: The population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 129 individuals (or about 0.35% of the population) who were Jewish , and 1,369 (or about 3.70% of the population) who were Muslims . There were 90 individuals who were Buddhist , 83 individuals who were Hindu and 45 individuals who belonged to another church. 10,059 (or about 27.17% of the population) belonged to no church, were agnostic or atheist , and 1,960 individuals (or about 5.30% of

2530-544: The population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 58.9% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 18.6%. As of 2000 , there were 14,380 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 17,285 married individuals, 2,573 widows or widowers and 2,778 individuals who are divorced. As of 2000 , there were 17,207 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.1 persons per household. There were 7,087 households that consist of only one person and 747 households with five or more people. In 2000 ,

2585-691: The slaughterhouse (Abattoirs) on Rue du Commerce 120–126, the Ancien Manège (collective house from 1968), the crematorium on Rue de la Charrière, the Domaine des Arbres, the Grande Fontaine on Avenue Léopold-Robert and the Loge l’Amitié, after the horrid mudslide that occurred which destroyed the city of La Chaux. In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SP which received 28.18% of

2640-678: The span of about 20 years. During the First World War the watch companies largely received armament commissions (for instance for the production of precision fuses for artillery shells). These commissions died down with the end of the war. From 1933, in the run up to the Second World War , Jewish producers began to struggle as their Jewish contacts in occupied countries increasingly faced persecution. Some Jewish companies in La Chaux-de-Fonds were under surveillance from German spies, suspected of illegally exporting war materials for

2695-543: The transition from the artisans' production of a cottage industry to the more concentrated factory production of the late 19th and 20th centuries. In 1867, Karl Marx was already describing La Chaux-de-Fonds as a "huge factory-town" in Das Kapital , where he analyzed the division of labour in the watch-making industry of the Jura. It is the tenth Swiss Site to be awarded World Heritage status, joining others such as

2750-619: The vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (25.73%), the PdA Party (14.2%) and the Green Party (12.03%). In the federal election, a total of 10,293 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 47.1%. As of  2010 , La Chaux-de-Fonds had an unemployment rate of 8.2%. As of 2008 , there were 260 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 95 businesses involved in this sector. 10,594 people were employed in

2805-408: Was 208, of which 198 were in agriculture and 10 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 10,153 of which 9,063 or (89.3%) were in manufacturing and 903 (8.9%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 9,331. In the tertiary sector; 2,287 or 24.5% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 680 or 7.3% were in

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2860-477: Was a Swiss-born American racing driver , mechanic and entrepreneur who co-founded the Chevrolet Motor Car Company in 1911. Louis-Joseph Chevrolet was born on December 25, 1878, in La Chaux-de-Fonds , a center of watchmaking in northwestern Switzerland. He was the second child of Joseph-Félicien Chevrolet, a watchmaker , and Marie-Anne Angéline Mahon. His family was originally from Bonfol , now in

2915-636: Was formed in Newark, New Jersey , with Louis Chevrolet as vice president and chief engineer. By 1918 it was producing cars in a plant at Plainfield, New Jersey . In 1923 it merged with the Bessemer Motor Truck Company of Pennsylvania into Bessemer-American Motors Corporation, which lasted less than a year before merging with the Winther and Northway companies into Amalgamated Motors. The latter company apparently ceased soon after. By

2970-531: Was made up of 12,444 Swiss men (33.2% of the population) and 5,578 (14.9%) non-Swiss men. There were 14,513 Swiss women (38.7%) and 4,988 (13.3%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 15,164 or about 41.0% were born in La Chaux-de-Fonds and lived there in 2000. There were 3,778 or 10.2% who were born in the same canton, while 6,962 or 18.8% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 9,651 or 26.1% were born outside of Switzerland. As of 2000 , children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 22.5% of

3025-404: Was under the authority of the lords of Valangin. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the second wave of colonization came from the so-called Clos de la Franchise (the valleys of Le Locle and La Sagne). Agriculture was the main activity but the village remained small. In 1531 there were only about 35 people living there. The first church was built in 1528. By 1530, La Chaux-de-Fonds, like the rest of

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