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26-434: Finch was founded in 1900 as The Finch School by Jessica Finch ( née Garretson, later Cosgrave; 1871–1949), an alumna of Barnard College and New York University . She was a prominent women's rights activist and Socialist . Finch believed that the education she had received at Barnard College had not prepared her for a vocational life, so she decided to open a school to emphasize practical education. She developed

52-435: A curriculum that was strongly based on both the liberal arts and hands-on learning , with special emphasis on workshops and studio art lessons. Showing her desire to mix the theoretical with the practical, Finch hired a diverse faculty for the school. In addition to faculty from nearby Columbia University , Finch hired actors , fashion designers , politicians , poets , musicians , and other individuals working in

78-500: A transcript is a certified record (inventory) of a student throughout a course of study having full enrollment history including all courses (or subjects) attempted, grades earned and degrees and awards conferred. A transcript is sometimes referred to as a marksheet , marklist or report card . In the United States, a transcript is also called Cumulative Record File ( CRF ), permanent record , or simply record . In

104-664: A convalescent home in London for suffragettes recovering after they had been imprisoned and force fed. She was married to James Wells Finch with whom she had a daughter, Elsie; the couple divorced. In 1913 Finch married John O'Hara Cosgrave, an editor of the New York World , who died in 1947. She was the mother of Elsie Finch McKeogh, a New York literary agent . Finch died at her home in Manhattan on October 31, 1949. Transcript (education) In education ,

130-612: A fairly recent development in most European countries. Students who obtained academic degrees in Europe prior to the Bologna Process of 1999 typically will not have received transcripts or diploma supplements and they cannot be produced retroactively for these students. Even today there are still European universities that are not ready to issue Transcripts or Diploma Supplements . Unlike in the US, there does not typically exist in Europe

156-443: A former student may "hold" the student's transcript until they are paid. This may mean that former student cannot resume their education elsewhere. Many colleges and universities will not allow a prospective student until receiving communication (in the form of a physical stamp or seal) that the prior school is satisfied with its debt collection. If the college or university discovers that an applicant lied on their college application,

182-467: A system of schools directly mailing transcripts to other schools, something that also would be problematic in view of European privacy laws. The ECTS Transcript of Records, created as part of the Bologna Process , preferably includes, along with the local grades, the ECTS grades of the student. It is used for mobile students at two separate moments. First, it must be issued and sent to the host institution by

208-492: A well-known suffragette , president of the New York Equal Franchise Society . Finch was an advocate of careers for women. Although in 1912 she self-described as an "orthodox Socialist ", her views shifted and she was later described as a political "liberal". She gave paid, public talks on the subject to young ladies as a part-time job to help support herself when she was a college student in

234-532: The Cambridge Latin School before entering Barnard College. Finch received her A.B. from Barnard College in 1893, the first graduating class of the new, women's college. She applied to attend law school at Columbia University , and was formally refused on the grounds that the Law School did not admit women. She earned her LL.B. from New York University School of Law in 1898. She was

260-635: The New York City area. Finch was located on Manhattan's Upper East Side , an area of wealthy residents and one of the most expensive real estate districts in the United States . Nearby women's colleges included Marymount Manhattan College and Hunter College , both of which became coed in the cultural shift of the 1960s. The college's campus consisted of a grouping of townhouses on East 78th Street, between Madison Avenue and Park Avenue . The Finch campus housed several resources for

286-682: The 1890s. After graduating from college, she continued to lecture to young ladies on a range of topics and also worked as a tutor in subjects including Greek . She was a founding member of the Colony Club and was an author, penning such books as Mothers and Daughters, Psychology of Youth, and Flower and Kitchen Gardens. In a February 1908 talk that Finch gave at the Civitas Club in New York City, she said: Evolutionary and revolutionary methods [of education] will bring

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312-507: The European ECTS system , a Transcript of Records (ToR) is used to document the performance of a student over a certain period of time by listing the course units or modules taken, the credits gained, and the grades awarded. The Transcript of Records provides a standard format for recording all study activities carried out by students. It is an essential tool for academic recognition. Transcript of Records and Diploma Supplements are

338-440: The European ECTS system , transcripts are called Transcript of Records ( ToR ). In United States education , a transcript is a copy of a student 's permanent academic record, which usually means all courses taken, all grades received, all honors received and degrees conferred to a student from the first day of school to the current school year for high school , college and university . A transcript may also contain

364-601: The Finch College Museum of Art in 1959. It published more than 100 books on art, especially art history . By 1970, Finch, like most other women's colleges, was struggling to attract students against the competition of the coeducation movement that began in the 1960s. It had fewer than 400 students and applications declined in the period following the Vietnam War . Many families sought more diverse schools. Although Finch had maintained its tuition among

390-648: The college as the Finch School, a secondary school for girls. In 1916 she founded the Lennox School , a primary school to prepare girls to enter the Finch School. Lennox School employed Kitty Kenney and Jennie Kenney as joint heads until they retired in 1929. The Kenney sisters had been trained by Maria Montessori . They were two of the four sisters who were leading members of the militant Women's Social and Political Union . Kitty and Jennie had run

416-486: The college can rescind the offer of admission, can revoke the student's degree, if completed, and refuse the release of that student's transcripts. In the United States , release of information from an official transcript without consent to a third party is prohibited by the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 . Alteration of a transcript is considered a felony in most states. In

442-510: The college launched its study abroad program, the Finch Intercontinental Study Plan. It also offered special tuition assistance and tutoring to students from minority and lower-class backgrounds. In its later years, the college was best known for its strong art program. Several noted artists taught courses or displayed at the college, including Edmond Casarella and Hedda Sterne . Finch established

468-902: The college. Finch formally closed the next year, passing its student records to Marymount Manhattan College . In 1993, the Finch College Alumnae Association (FCAA) was founded in order to preserve the college's history and provide fellowship for alumnae . In addition to traditional alumni services, the FCAA Foundation offers scholarships to students transferring from community colleges in New York, New Jersey , and Connecticut to baccalaureate institutions. 40°46′31″N 73°57′43″W  /  40.7754°N 73.9619°W  / 40.7754; -73.9619 Jessica Garretson Finch Jessica Garretson Finch (August 19, 1871 – October 31, 1949)

494-435: The highest in the country, reflecting its traditional status as a school for young women from wealthy backgrounds, the college's endowment was too small to generate sufficient income to support its operation. It was not successful in attracting federal funding to subsidize tuition for lower-income students, nor could it merge with another college. In 1975, Finch's president, Rodney O. Felder, announced his intent to close

520-403: The home institution for all outgoing students before their departure in order to provide information about the course units/modules that they already have completed and the results obtained. Secondly it must be issued and sent by the host institution to the home institution for all incoming students at the end of their period of study. Transcript fraud is the alteration of a transcript issued by

546-646: The public, including the Finch College Museum of Art and the Little Lenox Theatre. Since Finch College closed in 1976, most of its former campus has been used by the Ramaz School , a Modern Orthodox Jewish preparatory school . In 1952, Finch began offering a four-year college curriculum in most liberal arts fields, leading to a Bachelor's degree . Finch was noted for its international focus and diversity among learning levels. Many students came from abroad, often from high-income areas. In 1960,

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572-489: The real resurrection, the Renaissance of man! We are passing through an economic age, and though conservative folk are usually the most popular it is our real work to enlarge the social conscience; our ancestors barely kept themselves alive, we have made a living, and our descendants will pass ascetic beautiful lives, never selfishly nor foolishly, but on a solid foundation and for the advancement of all. In June 1949 she

598-565: The skills needed to earn a living. Ironically, Finch became not a career-oriented college, but rather "one of the most famed of U.S. girls' finishing schools ." Finch founded the Finch School, later Finch Junior College, and, after 1952, Finch College , to enact her conviction that women ought to be prepared for careers. She envisioned a world in which women would work until they wed, at about age 25, bear and rear children for about fifteen years, before resuming paid employment at about age 40 and working for another thirty years. Finch founded

624-714: The student’s rank in class and the accreditation of the institution issuing the transcript. An official transcript is prepared and sent by the issuing school usually by the registrar with an original signature of a school official on the school letterhead and is sealed by the school. When students change schools, or seek admission to a college or university, the official transcript is usually mailed from school to school. Official transcripts can also be issued electronically through approved secure sites such as National Student Clearinghouse and Parchment . Transcripts usually consist of grades 9-12 when applying to college. Colleges and universities which believe that they are owed money by

650-468: Was an American educator, author, women's rights activist, founder of the Lennox School for girls, and founding president of Finch College . Finch was born on August 19, 1871, the daughter of Congregational minister Rev. Ferdinand Van De Vere Garretson and Helen Philbrick Garretson. When she was 12, the family moved from New York, where her father was rector of Grace Chapel on West 22nd Street, to Franconia, New Hampshire . She attended Dow Academy and

676-557: Was given a Doctorate of Humane Letters , honoris causa, by New York University . The citation described her as a graduate of the university's law school who had founded a women's college, "on the unorthodox postulate that every graduate should mother at least four children and cultivate a non-domestic avocation fore and aft." Finch founded the Finch school in 1900 to provide career training for young women, saying that her own education at Barnard College had not given her or her classmates

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