70-432: The Finchley Gap (or "Finchley depression") is a location centred on Church End, Finchley , in north London , England . As a topographical feature approximately eight kilometres wide, lying between higher ground to the north-west ( Mill Hill ) and to the south-east ( Hampstead Heath ), it has probably existed for the last one million years or more. The Finchley Gap has lower ground to the north-east (the catchment area of
140-647: A municipal borough council between 1933 and 1965. The area is now part of the London Borough of Barnet . From 1959 to 1992 the Finchley constituency was represented in Parliament by Margaret Thatcher , UK Prime Minister from 1979 to 1990. Finchley is now included in the new constituency of Finchley and Golders Green . In February 2010, the Green Party held its spring party conference at
210-536: A "Chiltern" ice advance is not now accepted.) It was later suggested that the section of the supposed "Middlesex loopway" going north-east beyond the Finchley depression "may well have originated as a ... south-bank tributary of an earlier axial line of drainage even though it later served for the diverted Thames". This "south-bank tributary" would have been the proto-Mole-Wey. In his 1938 paper, Wooldridge suggested that deposits which do exist in this eastern section of
280-500: A presumed platform at 200 feet above modern sea level. In the later 1930s collaboration with colleague David Linton culminated in the 1939 classic Structure, Surface and Drainage of South-East England . The 'Wooldridge and Linton Model' of landscape evolution was dependent on the identification of remnants of three widely developed erosion surfaces: a warped sub-Eocene surface; a high-level unwarped Neogene peneplain and an unwarped Plio-Pleistocene marine platform. It explained both
350-606: A small museum, the Stephens Collection, which covers the history of the Stephens family, the Stephens Ink company and the history of writing materials. The bequest also included Avenue House Grounds , designed by the leading nineteenth-century landscape gardener Robert Marnock . This has a tearoom, a children's playground, a walled garden and building called The Bothy, a pond and rare trees. A recent attraction
420-727: A station on Long Lane. The artsdepot , a community arts centre including a gallery, studio and theatre, opened in 2004, at Tally Ho Corner, North Finchley. Finchley Film Makers was founded as the Finchley Amateur Cine Society in 1930, making it one of the oldest clubs in the Country. It meets at the Quaker Meeting House in Alexandra Grove, North Finchley. Victoria Park is off Ballards Lane between North Finchley and Finchley Central. It
490-542: Is a bronze statue of Spike Milligan sitting on a bench. William Hogarth painted his satirical March of the Guards to Finchley in 1750. It is a depiction of a fictional mustering of troops on London's Tottenham Court Road to march north to Finchley to defend the capital from the second Jacobite rebellion of 1745 . A number of fictional characters have been associated with the area, including: The Monty Python's Flying Circus comedy sketch " The Funniest Joke in
560-540: Is a Jewish cultural centre. It was founded to facilitate Reform and Liberal Jewish institutions, attached to the Movement for Reform Judaism. The Archer , on East Finchley tube station, is a 10-foot-tall (3.0 m) statue by Eric Aumonier of a kneeling archer having just released an arrow. The statue La Délivrance depicts a naked woman holding a sword (and is informally known as the Naked Lady); it stands at
630-525: Is an area of lower ground which lies between higher ground to the north-west and south-east. 51°36′N 0°12′W / 51.6°N 0.2°W / 51.6; -0.2 Finchley Finchley ( / ˈ f ɪ n tʃ l i / ) is a large district of north London, England, in the London Borough of Barnet . Finchley is on high ground, 7 mi (11 km) north of Charing Cross . Nearby districts include: Golders Green , Muswell Hill , Friern Barnet , Whetstone , Mill Hill and Hendon . It
700-478: Is on boulder clay or glacial moraine, skirted by a layer of gravel, then the underlying layer of London clay . This roughly triangular gravel line was the most fertile area; hamlets which grew at the three corners evolved into Finchley's early population centres corresponding to the three town centres in the area: The residential areas of West Finchley, in postcode district N3, and Woodside Park , in postcode district N12, centre on their respective tube stations to
770-478: Is predominantly a residential suburb, with three town centres: North Finchley , East Finchley and Finchley Church End (Finchley Central). Made up of four wards, the population of Finchley was 65,812 as of 2011. Finchley probably means "Finch's clearing" or "finches' clearing" in late Anglo-Saxon ; the name was first recorded in the early 13th century. Finchley is not recorded in Domesday Book , but by
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#1732766044719840-688: Is the Dollis Brook ), and Mutton Brook . A similar process led to the creation of the south-flowing lower section of the River Lea , which was able to establish a link to the diverted Thames to the east of Hampstead Heath. Drainage from the glacial till left by the ice lobe to the north-east of the Finchley Gap carved routes which led to the River Lea, thus initiating the drainage network of Bounds Green Brook and Pymmes Brook . Thus, during
910-456: Is the main component of this gravel, it has been known since the late nineteenth century that it also contains in places a notable quantity of chert derived from Lower Greensand Beds in the Weald. It was suggested early on that this "pointed to the former existence of streams from that area". S.W. Wooldridge later suggested that it was in fact "a river of major dimensions" (which) "entered from
980-573: Is the parish church, with parts dating from the 13th century. College Farm is the last farm in Finchley; it was a model dairy farm, then a visitor attraction. The Phoenix Cinema in East Finchley with its 1930s art deco façade is one of the oldest purpose-built cinemas in the United Kingdom. The Sternberg Centre for Judaism in the old Manor House (formerly convent and school of St Mary Auxiliatrice) at 80 East End Road in Finchley
1050-828: The Field Studies Council in 1952. Wooldridge's work concentrated mainly on the London Basin and the Weald , his first (1921) paper being on folding within the London Basin. Other publications looked at the Reading Beds , Eocene and Pliocene deposits and the structural and geomorphological evolution of the basin. Inspired by the theories of W.M.Davis on cycles of landscape evolution , Wooldridge employed detailed fieldwork to identify features such as river terraces and erosion surfaces , for example
1120-593: The Great Northern Railway ) reached Finchley in 1867. It ran from Finsbury Park via Finchley to Edgware . The branch from Finchley to High Barnet opened in 1872. In 1905 tram services were established in Finchley, and extended shortly afterwards to Barnet. They were eventually replaced by trolleybuses . In 1933, the Underground New Works Programme (1935–1940), to electrify the lines through Finchley, and connect
1190-773: The London Basin , is Eocene London Clay . This is mostly a stiff blue-brown clay, over 100 metres thick. In parts of this region, a relatively thin, upper part of the London Clay formation, sandier in content and known as the Claygate Beds , is also found. In certain areas of relatively limited extent, such as on the higher parts of Harrow on the Hill , Hampstead and Highgate , the London Clay and Claygate Beds are overlain by sandy Eocene Bagshot Beds . All these formations are overlain in several areas by much younger Pleistocene formations, as explained below. From 1938 until
1260-587: The North Circular Road and on to Finchley. According to the 2011 UK Census in Finchley Church End ward, 67% of the population was White (47% British, 18% Other, 2% Irish), 8% South Asian and 6% Other Asian. The largest religion was Judaism , claimed by 31% of the population, whereas Christians made up 28%. West Finchley ward was 61% White (40% British, 18% Other, 3% Irish), 13% South Asian and 8% Other Asian. St Mary's at Finchley
1330-647: The River Lea ), and the south-west (the catchment area of the River Brent ). The North Circular Road (A406) passes over the Gap, from one catchment area to the other. The geological history of the Finchey Gap, and its place in the history of academic research, makes it one of the most interesting topographical features of the London area. The principal geological formation in the Finchley Gap region, as in much of
1400-712: The Tertiary and Pleistocene deposits of the North Downs and Chiltern Hills of southern England led to an interest in geomorphology. In the 1920s and 30s Wooldridge lectured at King's on a combined geography and geology course with the London School of Economics (LSE). In the Joint School of Geography King's offered Geomorphology, Meteorology, Biogeography and the History of Geographical Discovery, while
1470-596: The artsdepot in North Finchley. Finchley is on a plateau, 90 metres (300 ft) above sea level 11 km (6.8 mi) north of Charing Cross and 6 km (3.7 mi) south of Barnet . To the west is the Dollis valley formed by Dollis Brook the natural western boundary of Finchley. Mutton Brook forms the southern boundary, joining the Dollis Brook to become the River Brent . Most of Finchley
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#17327660447191540-509: The "Middlesex loopway" (known today as Dollis Hill Gravel) were "possible" gravels laid down by the Thames. (This too has since been shown to be a false assumption.) The almost complete absence of any gravels which might have been deposited by the diverted Thames in the western section of the "Middlesex loopway" (between Harefield and the Finchley depression) was judged by Wooldridge to be a "slight" consideration, bearing in mind "how extensively
1610-532: The 11th century its lands were held by the Bishop of London. In the early medieval period the area was sparsely populated woodland, whose inhabitants supplied pigs and fuel to London. Extensive cultivation began about the time of the Norman conquest . By the 15th and 16th centuries the woods on the eastern side of the parish had been cleared to form Finchley Common . The medieval Great North Road , which ran through
1680-589: The 1960s, it was supposed that the River Thames once flowed through the Gap, along the line of a " Middlesex loopway" running from somewhere around Harefield to the Hoddesdon - Ware area. This supposition was later shown to be erroneous. Prior to the Anglian glaciation, the "proto-Mole-Wey"river, a then south bank tributary of the "proto-Thames", flowed northwards from the Weald , through Richmond and
1750-424: The 19th century. North Finchley only began to develop after the enclosure of the common during the 1820s. It formed an ancient parish in the county of Middlesex , originally within the hundred of Ossulstone and later becoming its own urban district , which was then incorporated as a municipal borough in 1933 . It has been part of Greater London since 1965. The Edgware, Highgate and London Railway (later
1820-806: The Anglian ice sheet moved up the Vale of St Albans, thus diverting the Thames southwards. When this happened, the proto-Mole-Wey was cut off at Richmond . The Finchley Gap now lies on the watershed of the catchment areas of the Rivers Brent and Lea, both south-flowing tributaries of the Thames. It has been known since the nineteenth century that an ice sheet once descended from the north of England as far as north London and left behind extensive spreads of till and other glacial deposits. Lobes of this ice sheet extended up two valleys, oriented south-west to north-east, reaching as far south as Watford and Finchley. In
1890-429: The Finchley Gap, in the sense of being an area of lower ground lying between higher ground on either side (at Mill Hill and Hampstead Heath, both at altitudes of over 120 metres today), must have existed by the time those highest deposits of Dollis Hill Gravel were laid down. The highest Dollis Hill Gravel deposits at 100 metres have not been dated precisely. But deposits of Gerrards Cross Gravel (which were laid down by
1960-472: The Finchley Gap, to the Hoddesdon-Ware area. There, it joined the proto-Thames (which at that time was flowing north-eastwards, through the Vale of St Albans ). About 450,000 years ago, a lobe of the Anglian ice sheet advanced up the valley of the proto-Mole-Wey at least as far south as the Finchley Gap. There, the ice left glacial drift which today is up to 18 metres in thickness. Another lobe of
2030-435: The Finchley depression. Instead, it was established that the river stayed on a course north-eastward through the Vale of St Albans until it was diverted, by the Anglian ice advance, approximately 450,000 years ago. The river was diverted to a more southerly route, roughly along the line of that followed by today's river. Furthermore, by the 1980s, evidence for a "Chiltern Drift" glaciation, which Wooldridge believed had diverted
2100-468: The Finchley depression. The Thames was diverted to a more southerly course, through Richmond, beyond the furthest reach of the Anglian ice sheet. No deposits which were unambiguously of Thames origin were ever found along the line of the "Middlesex loopway". In the 1970s, detailed study of deposits in the Vale of St Albans led researchers to the conclusion that the River Thames never flowed through
2170-582: The Institute of British Geographers marked the fortieth anniversary of Structure, Surface and Drainage in South-East England by the publication of The Shaping of Southern England (, a collection of papers which both emphasised the importance of the work, and showed how dated it had become. Fundamentally, the 'Wooldridge and Linton Model' was based on the view that the south-east region had been tectonically stable except for two brief periods, in
Finchley Gap - Misplaced Pages Continue
2240-639: The LSE offered the Regional and Economic aspects, Historical Geography, and the Distribution of Man. During World War II this arrangement was disrupted by the evacuation of King's to Bristol , requiring Wooldridge to teach human geography. His conversion to geography complete, he became professor of geography at Birkbeck College, London in 1944, returning to King's in 1947 as its first professor of geography and remaining until his death in 1963. Wooldridge
2310-510: The London Borough of Barnet continues these links. Sidney William Wooldridge Professor Sidney William Wooldridge CBE , FRS , FGS (16 November 1900 – 25 April 1963), geologist, geomorphologist and geographer , was a pioneer in the study of the geomorphology of south-east England and the first professor of geography at King's College London . He collaborated with Dudley Stamp and with David Linton . Sidney Wooldridge
2380-425: The London Clay surface has been dissected and lowered here". The second stage in the diversion of the Thames supposedly took place "a long period of time" after the first stage. During an ice advance referred to by Wooldridge (1938) as that of the "Eastern Drift" (and today known as that of the Anglian stage ), lobes of the ice sheet advanced from the north-east along the Vale of St Albans towards Watford, and towards
2450-521: The Northern line from Archway to East Finchley , via a new tunnel was announced. Much of the work was carried out and East Finchley station was rebuilt, but the project was halted by the second world war . All passenger services from Finchley to Edgware ended in September 1939. Nevertheless, Underground trains began running from central London to High Barnet in 1940, and to Mill Hill East , to reach
2520-576: The Thames from the Vale of St Albans into its supposed intermediate route through the Finchley depression, had been seriously challenged. And, although the pre-Anglian history of glaciations in Britain is known to be complex, and is still the subject of varying interpretations, the hypothesis of a pre-Anglian "Chiltern" glaciation is today nowhere supported. Gravels in the eastern section of the "Middlesex loopway", shown on current geological maps as "Dollis Hill Gravel", have been demonstrated to be deposits of
2590-485: The Upper Cretaceous and the mid-Tertiary. Subsequent work has shown that this view is far too simplistic, throwing much of the interpretation of cycles of landscape evolution into doubt. More serious are criticisms of Wooldridge's overemphasis on form over process. However, his role as a pioneer geomorphologist, and emphasis on historical perspective and regional focus remained important. Wooldridge received
2660-609: The Vale of St Albans itself and was heading to the North Sea further south, in the Colchester area. In 1938, it was suggested by the British geomorphologist S.W. Wooldridge that the River Thames had been diverted from its course through the Vale of St Albans to roughly its present, more southerly, course, in two stages. This two-stage hypothesis was presented again over the subsequent three decades in several publications. In
2730-593: The Vale of St Albans to Watford. These hypotheses have since been confirmed by much subsequent research, some of which is cited in this article. In fact, in the Early Pleistocene, the Thames flowed somewhat north-west of, but parallel to, today's Vale of St Albans, then continued towards North Norfolk on its journey to the North Sea . By the Middle Pleistocene, the Thames was flowing through
2800-580: The World " is set in Finchley. In various episodes of the Channel 4 comedy Peep Show Finchley is used as an on-site shooting location. The background of the cover of Iron Maiden 's second studio album, Killers , depicts Etchingham Court, North Finchley, where artist Derek Riggs lived at the time. The 2013 David Bowie song 'Dirty Boys' on The Next Day album makes reference to Finchley Fair. In birth order Finchley Borough had four twin towns ;
2870-612: The altitude of river-borne Pleistocene deposits is normally closely correlated with their age. So it follows from all this that the Finchley Gap was created by the proto-Mole-Wey river, which was, and had been for some time before the Gap evolved, a south-bank tributary of the proto-Thames. It is also possible to deduce, though more cautiously, that the land where the Gap is now found first became an area of lower ground lying between higher ground on either side at least one million years ago. The only Pleistocene glaciation in Britain which produced an ice sheet that reached as far south as London
Finchley Gap - Misplaced Pages Continue
2940-533: The approach to Finchley from the south, in a small garden beside Regent's Park Road, just north of Henlys Corner . Transport for London is responsible for transport in Finchley. Finchley has four London Underground stations, all on the High Barnet branch of the Northern line, which serves the West End and City (financial district). Two of London's major roads, the east–west A406 North Circular Road and
3010-474: The area is in the southeast corner of the company's water supply area. EDF Energy Networks is the Distribution network operator licensed to distribute electricity from the transmission grid to homes and businesses in Finchley. Finchley Memorial Hospital, on Granville Road, North Finchley, was a small NHS hospital administered by NHS Barnet, a primary care trust . Built with local donations in 1908 it
3080-466: The army barracks, in 1941. After the war, the introduction of London's Metropolitan Green Belt undermined pre-war plans and the upgrading between Mill Hill East and Edgware (the ' Northern Heights ' project) was abandoned, although the line continued to be used by steam trains for goods traffic through Finchley, until 1964. From around 1547 Finchley had a parish vestry , which became a local board in 1878, an urban district council in 1895, and finally
3150-411: The common, was notorious for highwaymen until the early 19th century. St Mary-at-Finchley Church is first recorded in the 1270s. Near the northern gate to the Bishop of London's park, the hamlet of East End, later East Finchley, had begun to develop by 1365. By the 18th century Finchley was well known for the quality of its hay, which was the dominant agricultural activity until the second half of
3220-563: The concordant drainage pattern of the central Weald (through long-term sub-aerial erosion), and the widespread discordant features (as being related to a high-level marine shelf). Wooldridge also collaborated with fellow King's alumnus Dudley Stamp . Wooldridge had provided petrological input to a paper with Stamp on the Silurian of Wales as early as 1923 and, like Stamp, moved from geology towards human geography. Wooldridge's interest lay in relating early human settlement and land use to
3290-414: The early twentieth century, it was suggested that the River Thames, after descending through Oxfordshire , entering the London Basin near Goring and running north-east from there, continued in that direction prior to the ice advance, past Watford and along the line of the Vale of St Albans. It was concluded that the Thames must have been diverted to its more southerly course of today by the ice advance up
3360-506: The first stage, it was assumed that "local or Chiltern ice" advanced from the north-west across the line of the Thames "in the neighbourhood of St. Albans", thus blocking the river and forcing it to find a more southerly course. It was suggested that the Thames thus turned roughly eastwards from around Harefield, passed north of Harrow on the Hill, went through the Finchley depression, and then continued north-eastwards "to rejoin its former line near Ware". (As explained below, this hypothesis of
3430-401: The latter part of the Anglian stage and subsequently, the topography of the Finchley Gap area was transformed. From having been a section of valley floor into which drainage flowed (at the time of the proto-Mole-Wey river), it became a relatively elevated area of land (on glacial till) from which drainage flows into nearby streams. But it is still a "gap" or "depression" today in the sense that it
3500-502: The locality of the Finchley Gap, the ice left glacial deposits which today are up to 18 metres in thickness. And meltwater which poured from the front and sides of the Finchley Gap ice lobe carved routes southwards, west of Hampstead Heath, towards the newly-diverted Thames. This process thus reversed the previous direction of drainage and initiated today's drainage network of the River Brent (which in its upper section, north of Hendon,
3570-541: The merger between Finchley Football Club (est. 1874) and Wingate Football Club (est. 1946). Although the club is sometimes incorrectly perceived to be exclusively Jewish , it is open to people of every religion and ethnic background. Wingate & Finchley play home games at Summers Lane, N12. The local rugby team is Finchley RFC. Finchley Cricket Club (founded 1832), plays in the Middlesex premier league, at Arden Field, East End Road, N3. Finchley golf club on Frith Lane
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#17327660447193640-548: The north–south A1 meet and briefly merge at Henlys Corner at the southern edge of Finchley. North Finchley bus station is a hub with nine bus routes using bus stops around Tally Ho Corner. There are 17 primary schools in the district. There are seven secondary schools : There is also a secondary special school , Oak Lodge Special School in East Finchley . Woodhouse College in North Finchley , on
3710-541: The physical landscape. In 1951 Stamp at LSE and Wooldridge at King's jointly edited London Essays in Geography . Like Dudley Stamp, Wooldridge married a King's geography student, Edith Stephens. Wooldridge was a keen golfer and cricketer, a Congregationalist lay preacher (converting later to the Church of England ) and an amateur operetta enthusiast. He continued to work after a stroke in 1954, dying in 1963. In 1980
3780-519: The proto-Mole-Wey river, not of the River Thames. The "Middlesex loopway" hypothesis has thus been definitively rejected. The dissected plateau which lies to the south-east of the Vale of St Albans and north-west of the Finchley Gap, stretching from Bushey Heath , to Potters Bar , Northaw and beyond, is capped over wide areas, at altitudes ranging from about 150m to 130m, by a fairly thin (average 3 metres) layer of sand and gravel known as Pebble Gravel (or, in places, Stanmore Gravel). Although flint
3850-436: The proto-Mole-Wey river. These deposits are found at what is today the Finchley Gap, and to the north-east and south-west of it. Dollis Hill Gravel is found, for example, south-west of the Gap at Hendon and Horsenden Hill , and north-east of the Gap over wide areas from Southgate to Goff's Oak . Today, the highest of those deposits rest at an altitude of around 100 metres (for example at Muswell Hill and Cockfosters ). So
3920-476: The proto-Thames) have been tentatively estimated to be nearly one million years old, and such deposits have been mapped, at a similar altitude, some 8 km to the north-west near Radlett . There is no certainty that the oldest Dollis Hill Gravel was laid down at exactly the same time as the Gerrards Cross Gravel, but the ages are probably comparable, because, in any given section of the London Basin,
3990-640: The site of the old Woodhouse Grammar School, is one of two colleges in the borough. The local football team Old Finchleians (nicknamed the OFs) formed in 1901 who play home games at The Old Finchleians Memorial Ground in Southover and are members of the Southern Amateur League. Wingate & Finchley plays in the premier division of the Isthmian league . The club was formed in 1991 following
4060-419: The son of the inventor of indelible blue-black ink Dr Henry Stephens . On his death in 1918 he bequeathed the house and its grounds for 'Public enjoyment subject to reasonable rules'. The estate, a private garden to which public access is granted, is now known as Stephens House and Gardens and managed from 2002 on a 125-year lease by Avenue House Estate Trust, an independent charity. It has a visitor centre with
4130-510: The south" that was responsible for transporting much of this chert to areas which are now north of the River Thames. It was clear from the broad course which Wooldridge plotted for this river that it was an ancestor of the River Mole (and/or River Wey). In 1994, D.R. Bridgland proposed that Pebble Gravel (or Stanmore Gravel) which is located on Harrow Weald Common (near Bushey Heath) was deposited by an ancestral Mole-Wey, and that that river
4200-465: The topography of the country around today's Finchley Gap would have been very different, because the Pebble Gravel was laid down in a valley bottom, whereas today it occupies the highest ground. The relief has been inverted. But, in 1979, P.L. Gibbard mapped younger deposits, known as Dollis Hill Gravel and named after one of the locations where this deposit is found, which were also laid down by
4270-419: The valley of the proto-Mole-Wey at least as far south as the Finchley Gap. Both rivers found their passage blocked. Lakes thus began to rise in front of the ice sheet. Lacustrine deposits laid down in these lakes have been identified. As the water rose, it spilled over lower points along the watersheds of these valleys into adjacent valleys. In particular, rising water from the proto-Thames lake spilled over into
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#17327660447194340-408: The valley of the proto-Mole-Wey north of Uxbridge ; and rising water from the lakes of both rivers spilled over into whatever valley then existed to the east, somewhere just beyond Richmond. The proto-Mole-Way was thus cut off around Richmond, where it joined the diverted Thames. When the ice sheet began to melt, it left behind substantial layers of till and other glacial deposits. In particular, in
4410-535: The west of the area. Between East Finchley and Finchley Central is Long Lane, which runs parallel to the tube line and is dotted with small shopping parades. The area of London known as 'Finchley Road', around Finchley Road Underground station , is not part of Finchley, but instead refers to a district further south at Swiss Cottage , Camden . The area is named after a section of the A41 road , which runs north to Golders Green and eventually continues to Henlys Corner on
4480-656: Was a founder-member of the Institute of British Geographers (1933) for academics dissatisfied with the Royal Geographical Society 's focus on amateur research and exploration; he was later IBG president (1949–50). He did not break completely with the RGS, serving on its council (1947–51). Wooldridge also served as president of the geography section of the British Association (1950) and chaired
4550-421: Was a tributary of the River Thames at a time when the latter river was flowing to the north-west of the Vale of St Albans. This could have been nearly two million years ago. He also suggested that similar gravel, located further north-east near Northaw at a slightly lower altitude, was also deposited by an ancestral Mole-Wey, but at a later date (which could have been around 1.75 million years ago). At those times,
4620-565: Was born in Hornsey , North London in 1900, the younger son of a bank clerk. His early childhood was spent in Cheam , Surrey, and his later schooling in Wood Green , north London, where he also took evening classes in geology. He read geology at King's College London (1918–1921), graduating with a first-class degree. Research in petrology led to an MSc (1923) and DSc (1927). His study of
4690-491: Was designed by five-times Open Champion James Braid. Ken Brown, Ryder Cup player and BBC presenter, described it as "The best presented golf course for club play that I have seen in years". Finchley Victoria Bowls and Croquet Club, with two greens and a modern clubhouse in Victoria Park , offers lawn bowls , croquet and pétanque facilities in the summer and year-round social activities. Veolia Water Central Limited , formerly Three Valleys Water , supplies Finchley's water;
4760-431: Was originally Finchley Cottage Hospital, renamed and expanded after the First World War as a war memorial. A modern new hospital on adjacent land opened in September 2012; the old hospital buildings were demolished. London Ambulance Service responds to medical emergencies in Finchley. Policing in Finchley is by the Metropolitan Police Service . Statutory emergency fire service is by London Fire Brigade , which has
4830-430: Was proposed in 1887 to mark Queen Victoria's golden jubilee and opened in 1902 to be Finchley's first public park. It is home to tennis courts and Finchley Victoria Bowling and Croquet Club. There is also a small nature reserve adjacent to the North Circular Road known as Long Lane Pasture . Avenue House in East End Road was built in 1859. In 1874 it was acquired by Henry Charles Stephens , known as "Inky" Stephens,
4900-429: Was the Anglian glaciation of about 450,000 years ago. The ice sheet which then came down from the north of England (and Scandinavia) covered the greater part of East Anglia and passed over the northern part of the Chiltern Hills. When it reached as far south as Ware it divided into two lobes. One of those lobes advanced up the valley of the proto-Thames, in the Vale of St Albans, as far as Watford. The other lobe advanced up
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