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65-734: Finneytown sports teams are known as the Wildcats . The Wildcats compete in the Cincinnati Hills League (CHL), a competitive small school league in the Cincinnati area . The high school also has a competitive marching band that competes in regional and national competitions. Before the secondary campus was built, students in Finneytown would attend Whitaker Elementary from 1st to 8th grades and then would go to Hughes , Mt.Healthy , or Wyoming for high school. During

130-405: A marching band which competes at a regional and national level. The Finneytown marching band has competed at Ohio Music Education Association (OMEA) , Mid-States Band Association (MSBA), and Bands of America (BOA) competitions. The Finneytown marching band is also disproportionately large in the number of participating students compared to the high school's student enrollment. This can be seen by

195-668: A university or college . Every first Saturday in December , the P.E.M. memorial event takes place at the Performing Arts Center (PAC) building of the school. A Finneytown Alumni Band and various local music artists perform at the event to commemorate the three students and raise money for the P.E.M. scholarship. On May 15, 2022, The Who performed at Cincinnati for the first time since the concert disaster as part of their "The Who Hits Back" tour. The Who had several students from Finneytown perform on stage with them for

260-799: A burrow, rather than climb trees. When taking residence in a tree hollow, it selects one low to the ground. Dens in rocks or burrows are lined with dry grasses and bird feathers . Dens in tree hollows usually contain enough sawdust to make lining unnecessary. If the den becomes infested with fleas , the wildcat shifts to another den. During winter, when snowfall prevents the European wildcat from travelling long distances, it remains within its den until travel conditions improve. Territorial marking consists of spraying urine on trees, vegetation and rocks, depositing faeces in conspicuous places, and leaving scent marks through glands in its paws. It also leaves visual marks by scratching trees. Sight and hearing are

325-461: A complex ranking but it is not a species complex. In most cases, a species complex is a monophyletic group of species with a common ancestor, but there are exceptions. It may represent an early stage after speciation in which the species were separated for a long time period without evolving morphological differences. Hybrid speciation can be a component in the evolution of a species complex. Species complexes are ubiquitous and are identified by

390-405: A group of closely related species that live in the same habitat. As informal taxonomic ranks , species group , species aggregate , macrospecies , and superspecies are also in use. Two or more taxa that were once considered conspecific (of the same species) may later be subdivided into infraspecific taxa (taxa within a species, such as bacterial strains or plant varieties ), which may be

455-689: A human and a possibly tamed cat. As no cat species is native to Cyprus, this discovery indicates that Neolithic farmers may have brought cats to Cyprus from the Near East. Results of genetics and morphological research corroborated that the African wildcat is the ancestor of the domestic cat. The first individuals were probably domesticated in the Fertile Crescent around the time of the introduction of agriculture. Murals and statuettes depicting cats as well mummified cats indicate that it

520-550: A modified muskrat trap with a spring placed in a concealed pit. A scent trail of pheasant viscera leads the cat to the pit. Wildcat skins were of little commercial value and sometimes converted into imitation sealskin ; the fur usually fetched between 50 and 60 kopecks . Wildcat skins were almost solely used for making cheap scarfs , muffs and coats for ladies. Wildcat species are protected in most range countries and listed in CITES Appendix II . The European wildcat

585-661: A native wildcat population. The African wildcat lives in a wide range of habitats except rainforest , but throughout the savannahs of Africa from Mauritania on the Atlantic coast eastward to the Horn of Africa up to altitudes of 3,000 m (9,800 ft). Small populations live in the Sahara and Nubian Deserts , Karoo region, Kalahari and Namib Deserts . It occurs around the Arabian Peninsula 's periphery to

650-435: A plan to construct new schools to replace the school district's aging buildings. In 2022, the state of Ohio approved funding for a new Finneytown middle and high school. Finneytown Secondary Campus has various sports teams, which compete in the Cincinnati Hills League . Finneytown offers the following sports: Finneytown has won a total of 8 state sport championships in the following sports: Finneytown Secondary Campus has

715-636: A portion of the concert. The Who also had a local band, which included Finneytown students from 1979, perform for the opening of the concert. Wildcat The wildcat is a species complex comprising two small wild cat species : the European wildcat ( Felis silvestris ) and the African wildcat ( F. lybica ). The European wildcat inhabits forests in Europe , Anatolia and the Caucasus , while

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780-407: A sign of ongoing or incipient speciation . Examples are ring species or species with subspecies , in which it is often unclear if they should be considered separate species. Several terms are used synonymously for a species complex, but some of them may also have slightly different or narrower meanings. In the nomenclature codes of zoology and bacteriology, no taxonomic ranks are defined at

845-556: A species group share a range . A source from Iowa State University Department of Agronomy states that members of a species group usually have partially overlapping ranges but do not interbreed with one another. A Dictionary of Zoology ( Oxford University Press 1999) describes a species group as complex of related species that exist allopatrically and explains that the "grouping can often be supported by experimental crosses in which only certain pairs of species will produce hybrids ." The examples given below may support both uses of

910-402: Is actually at least three different species that diverged over 5 million years ago. Stabilizing selection has been invoked as a force maintaining similarity in species complexes, especially when they adapted to special environments (such as a host in the case of symbionts or extreme environments). This may constrain possible directions of evolution; in such cases, strongly divergent selection

975-767: Is also listed in Appendix II of the Berne Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats and in the European Union 's Habitats and Species Directive . Conservation Action Plans have been developed in Germany and Scotland. An African wildcat skeleton excavated in a 9,500-year-old Neolithic grave in Cyprus is the earliest known indication for a close relationship between

1040-412: Is at least one account of an adult wildcat being killed and eaten. Competitors include the golden jackal ( Canis aureus ), red fox, marten, and other predators. In the steppe regions of Europe and Asia, village dogs constitute serious enemies of wildcats, along with the much larger Eurasian lynx , one of the rare habitual predators of healthy adult wildcats. In Tajikistan, the grey wolf ( Canis lupus )

1105-416: Is directed by Director Bradley Delaney and Assistant Director Samuel Fronk. During The Who concert on December 3, 1979, a crowd disaster took place, which resulted in the death of 11 people of which 3 were Finneytown students. The three Finneytown students were Stephan Preston, Jackie Eckerle, and Karen Morrison. In 2010, the P.E.M. memorial was created by several Finneytown alumni with P.E.M. standing for

1170-480: Is not to be expected. Also, asexual reproduction, such as through apomixis in plants, may separate lineages without producing a great degree of morphological differentiation. A species complex is usually a group that has one common ancestor (a monophyletic group), but closer examination can sometimes disprove that. For example, yellow-spotted "fire salamanders" in the genus Salamandra , formerly all classified as one species S. salamandra , are not monophyletic:

1235-463: Is spotted. The wildcat and the other members of the cat family had a common ancestor about 10–15 million years ago. The European wildcat evolved during the Cromerian Stage about 866,000 to 478,000 years ago; its direct ancestor was Felis lunensis . The silvestris and lybica lineages probably diverged about 173,000 years ago. The wildcat is categorized as Least Concern on

1300-643: Is the most serious competitor, having been observed to destroy cat burrows. Birds of prey , including Eurasian eagle-owl ( Bubo bubo ) and saker falcon ( Falco cherrug ), have been recorded to kill wildcat kittens. Golden eagle ( Aquila chrysaetos ) are known to hunt both adults and kittens. Seton Gordon recorded an instance where a wildcat fought a golden eagle, resulting in the deaths of both combatants. In Africa, wildcats are occasionally killed and eaten by Central African rock python ( Python sebae ) and martial eagle ( Polemaetus bellicosus ). Wildcat populations are foremost threatened by hybridization with

1365-856: The Corsican fire salamander 's closest relative has been shown to be the entirely black Alpine salamander . In such cases, similarity has arisen from convergent evolution . Hybrid speciation can lead to unclear species boundaries through a process of reticulate evolution , in which species have two parent species as their most recent common ancestors . In such cases, the hybrid species may have intermediate characters, such as in Heliconius butterflies. Hybrid speciation has been observed in various species complexes, such as insects, fungi, and plants. In plants, hybridization often takes place through polyploidization , and hybrid plant species are called nothospecies . Sources differ on whether or not members of

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1430-487: The Galápagos Islands described by Charles Darwin . It has been suggested that cryptic species complexes are very common in the marine environment. That suggestion came before the detailed analysis of many systems using DNA sequence data but has been proven to be correct. The increased use of DNA sequence in the investigation of organismal diversity (also called phylogeography and DNA barcoding ) has led to

1495-485: The IUCN Red List since 2002, since it is widely distributed in a stable global population exceeding 20,000 mature individuals. Some local populations are threatened by introgressive hybridisation with the domestic cat ( F. catus ), contagious disease, vehicle collisions and persecution. The association of African wildcats and humans appears to have developed along with the establishment of settlements during

1560-548: The Neolithic Revolution , when rodents in grain stores of early farmers attracted wildcats. This association ultimately led to it being tamed and domesticated : the domestic cat is the direct descendant of the African wildcat. It was one of the revered cats in ancient Egypt . The European wildcat has been the subject of mythology and literature . Felis (catus) silvestris was the scientific name used in 1777 by Johann von Schreber when he described

1625-656: The Pyrenees . Between the late 17th and mid 20th centuries, its European range became fragmented due to large-scale hunting and regional extirpation. It is possibly extinct in the Czech Republic , and considered regionally extinct in Austria , though vagrants from Italy are spreading into Austria. It has never inhabited Fennoscandia or Estonia . Sicily is the only island in the Mediterranean Sea with

1690-604: The anal opening . Large-sized sebaceous and scent glands extend along the full length of the tail on the dorsal side. Male wildcats have pre-anal pockets on the tail, activated upon reaching sexual maturity , play a significant role in reproduction and territorial marking . The European wildcat inhabits temperate broadleaf and mixed forests in Europe , Turkey and the Caucasus. In the Iberian Peninsula , it occurs from sea level to 2,250 m (7,380 ft) in

1755-459: The jungle cat ( F. chaus ) and leopard cat ( Prionailurus bengalensis ). Its dentition is relatively smaller and weaker than the jungle cat's. Both wildcat species are larger than the domestic cat. The European wildcat has relatively longer legs and a more robust build compared to the domestic cat. The tail is long, and usually slightly exceeds one-half of the animal's body length. The species size varies according to Bergmann's rule , with

1820-892: The malaria vector genus of mosquito, Anopheles , the fungi causing cryptococcosis , and sister species of Bactrocera tryoni , or the Queensland fruit fly. That pest is indistinguishable from two sister species except that B. tryoni inflicts widespread, devastating damage to Australian fruit crops, but the sister species do not. When a species is found to be several phylogenetically distinct species, each typically has smaller distribution ranges and population sizes than had been reckoned. The different species can also differ in their ecology, such as by having different breeding strategies or habitat requirements, which must be taken into account for appropriate management. For example, giraffe populations and subspecies differ genetically to such an extent that they may be considered species. Although

1885-478: The 1940s, the taxonomist Reginald Innes Pocock reviewed the collection of wildcat skins and skulls in the Natural History Museum, London , and designated seven F. silvestris subspecies from Europe to Asia Minor , and 25 F. lybica subspecies from Africa , and West to Central Asia . Pocock differentiated the: In 2005, 22 subspecies were recognized by the authors of Mammal Species of

1950-540: The African wildcat inhabits semi- arid landscapes and steppes in Africa , the Arabian Peninsula , Central Asia , into western India and western China . The wildcat species differ in fur pattern, tail, and size: the European wildcat has long fur and a bushy tail with a rounded tip; the smaller African wildcat is more faintly striped, has short sandy-gray fur and a tapering tail; the Asiatic wildcat ( F. lybica ornata )

2015-467: The Amazonian frog Eleutherodactylus ockendeni is actually at least three different species that diverged over 5 million years ago. A species flock may arise when a species penetrates a new geographical area and diversifies to occupy a variety of ecological niches , a process known as adaptive radiation . The first species flock to be recognized as such was the 13 species of Darwin's finches on

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2080-648: The Caspian Sea, encompassing Mesopotamia , Israel and Palestine region . In Central Asia, it ranges into Xinjiang and southern Mongolia , and in South Asia into the Thar Desert and arid regions in India . Both wildcat species are largely nocturnal and solitary , except during the breeding period and when females have young. The size of home ranges of females and males varies according to terrain,

2145-572: The Catti so much, that the wildcat became their symbol. The progenitors of Clan Sutherland use the wildcat as symbol on their family crest. The clan's chief bears the title Morair Chat (Great Man of the Cats). The wildcat is considered an icon of Scottish wilderness, and has been used in clan heraldry since the 13th century. The Clan Chattan Association (also known as the Clan of Cats) comprises 12 clans,

2210-579: The European wildcat based on descriptions and names proposed by earlier naturalists such as Mathurin Jacques Brisson , Ulisse Aldrovandi and Conrad Gessner . Felis lybica was the name proposed in 1780 by Georg Forster , who described an African wildcat from Gafsa on the Barbary Coast . In subsequent decades, several naturalists and explorers described 40 wildcat specimens collected in European, African and Asian range countries. In

2275-491: The Middle East, giving rise to the steppe wildcat phenotype . Phylogenetic research revealed that the lybica lineage probably diverged from the silvestris lineage about 173,000 years ago. The wildcat has pointed ears, which are moderate in length and broad at the base. Its whiskers are white, number 7 to 16 on each side and reach 5–8 cm (2.0–3.1 in) in length on the muzzle. Whiskers are also present on

2340-710: The World , who allocated subspecies largely in line with Pocock's assessment. In 2017, the Cat Classification Task Force revised the taxonomy of the Felidae, and recognized the following as valid taxa: The wildcat is a member of the Felidae, a family that had a common ancestor about 10–15 million years ago. Felis species diverged from the Felidae around 6–7 million years ago. The European wildcat diverged from Felis about 1.09 to 1.4 million years ago. The European wildcat's direct ancestor

2405-407: The age of three months, and blue eyes, which turn amber after five months. Their eyes open after 9–12 days, and their incisors erupt after 14–30 days. The kittens' milk teeth are replaced by their permanent dentition at the age of 160–240 days. The kittens start hunting with their mother at the age of 60 days, and start moving independently after 140–150 days. Lactation lasts 3–4 months, though

2470-743: The availability of food, habitat quality and the age structure of the population. Male and female home ranges overlap, though core areas within territories are avoided by other cats. Females tend to be more sedentary than males, as they require an exclusive hunting area when raising kittens. Wildcats usually spend the day in a hollow tree, a rock crevice or in dense thickets. It is also reported to shelter in abandoned burrows of other species such as of red fox ( Vulpes vulpes ) and in European badger ( Meles meles ) setts in Europe, and of fennec ( Vulpes zerda ) in Africa. When threatened, it retreats into

2535-521: The band competing in BOA class A (600 or fewer enrolled students) for the 2022 season and in MSBA class AAAA (60-89 marching band members) for the 2022 season. Despite this, the band performs well at the regional and national levels. The band has managed to achieve 2nd place in MSBA class AAAA 2021 finals, 3rd place in MSBA class AAAA 2022 finals, and 5th in class A in BOA 2022 prelims. The Finneytown marching band

2600-407: The discovery of a great many cryptic species complexes in all habitats. In the marine bryozoan Celleporella hyalina , detailed morphological analyses and mating compatibility tests between the isolates identified by DNA sequence analysis were used to confirm that these groups consisted of more than 10 ecologically distinct species, which had been diverging for many millions of years. Evidence from

2665-577: The domestic cat. Mortality due to traffic accidents is a threat especially in Europe. The wildcat population in Scotland has declined since the turn of the 20th century due to habitat loss and persecution by landowners. In the former Soviet Union , wildcats were caught accidentally in traps set for European pine marten. In modern times, they are caught in unbaited traps on pathways or at abandoned trails of red fox, European badger, European hare or pheasant. One method of catching wildcats consists of using

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2730-671: The drawing of dividing lines between species can be inherently difficult . A species complex is typically considered as a group of close, but distinct species. Obviously, the concept is closely tied to the definition of a species. Modern biology understands a species as "separately evolving metapopulation lineage " but acknowledges that the criteria to delimit species may depend on the group studied. Thus, many traditionally defined species, based only on morphological similarity, have been found to be several distinct species when other criteria, such as genetic differentiation or reproductive isolation , are applied. A more restricted use applies

2795-421: The first letter of the surnames of the students that died at the concert. The memorial consists of a bench with an etched guitar with the inscription "My Generation" and plaque portraits of the three students near the bench. A scholarship commemorating the three students was created to coincide the memorial. The P.E.M. Scholarship is awarded every year to three Finneytown seniors who are perusing arts or music at

2860-449: The high school was further expanded through the construction of additional buildings. The first expansion of the school was the construction of the gym was in 1964. The auditorium, the Performing Arts Center, and a third main building was constructed in 1969. in 1997, the two main buildings were connected through a construction of a connecting hallway building. Due to the secondary campus' age, Finneytown residents passed an issue in 2019 for

2925-424: The identification of cryptic species has led some to conclude that current estimates of global species richness are too low. Pests, species that cause diseases and their vectors, have direct importance for humans. When they are found to be cryptic species complexes, the ecology and the virulence of each of these species need to be re-evaluated to devise appropriate control strategies. Examples are cryptic species in

2990-426: The inner surface of the paw and measure 3–4 cm (1.2–1.6 in). Its eyes are large, with vertical pupils and yellowish-green irises . The eyelashes range from 5–6 cm (2.0–2.4 in) in length, and can number six to eight per side. The European wildcat has a greater skull volume than the domestic cat, a ratio known as Schauenberg's index . Further, its skull is more spherical in shape than that of

3055-454: The kittens disperse to establish their own territories. Their maximum life span is 21 years, though they usually live up to 13–14 years. Generation length of the wildcat is about eight years. Because of its habit of living in areas with rocks and tall trees for refuge, dense thickets and abandoned burrows, wildcats have few natural predators. In Central Europe, many kittens are killed by European pine marten ( Martes martes ), and there

3120-435: The kittens eat meat as early as 1.5 months of age. Sexual maturity is attained at the age of 300 days. Similarly to the domestic cat, the physical development of African wildcat kittens over the first two weeks of their lives is much faster than that of European wildcats. The kittens are largely fully grown by 10 months, though skeletal growth continues for over 18–19 months. The family dissolves after roughly five months, and

3185-637: The largest specimens occurring in cool, northern areas of Europe and Asia such as Mongolia , Manchuria and Siberia . Males measure 43–91 cm (17–36 in) in head to body length, 23–40 cm (9.1–15.7 in) in tail length, and normally weigh 5–8 kg (11–18 lb). Females are slightly smaller, measuring 40–77 cm (16–30 in) in body length and 18–35 cm (7.1–13.8 in) in tail length, and weighing 3–5 kg (6.6–11.0 lb). Both sexes have two thoracic and two abdominal teats . Both sexes have pre- anal glands , consisting of moderately sized sweat and sebaceous glands around

3250-400: The late 1940s and 1950s, the population of Finneytown increased by 368%, thus increasing the demand for a high school. In 1955, an issue was passed by the residents to construct a high school. The school was partially built and opened to the first Finneytown freshman class in 1958. The secondary campus initially included two main buildings and one administration building. In the following years

3315-559: The level between subgenus and species, but the botanical code defines four ranks below subgenus (section, subsection, series, and subseries). Different informal taxonomic solutions have been used to indicate a species complex. Distinguishing close species within a complex requires the study of often very small differences. Morphological differences may be minute and visible only by the use of adapted methods, such as microscopy . However, distinct species sometimes have no morphological differences. In those cases, other characters, such as in

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3380-688: The majority of which display the wildcat on their badges. Shakespeare referenced the wildcat three times: Species complex In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each other, further blurring any distinctions. Terms that are sometimes used synonymously but have more precise meanings are cryptic species for two or more species hidden under one species name, sibling species for two (or more) species that are each other's closest relative, and species flock for

3445-423: The only useful method. Different methods are used to analyse such genetic data, such as molecular phylogenetics or DNA barcoding . Such methods have greatly contributed to the discovery of cryptic species, including such emblematic species as the fly agaric , the water fleas , or the African elephants . Species forming a complex have typically diverged very recently from each other, which sometimes allows

3510-427: The retracing of the process of speciation . Species with differentiated populations, such as ring species , are sometimes seen as an example of early, ongoing speciation: a species complex in formation. Nevertheless, similar but distinct species have sometimes been isolated for a long time without evolving differences, a phenomenon known as "morphological stasis". For example, the Amazonian frog Pristimantis ockendeni

3575-459: The rigorous study of differences between individual species that uses minute morphological details, tests of reproductive isolation , or DNA -based methods, such as molecular phylogenetics and DNA barcoding . The existence of extremely similar species may cause local and global species diversity to be underestimated. The recognition of similar-but-distinct species is important for disease and pest control and in conservation biology although

3640-461: The same species. Where closely related species co-exist in sympatry , it is often a particular challenge to understand how the similar species persist without outcompeting each other. Niche partitioning is one mechanism invoked to explain that. Indeed, studies in some species complexes suggest that species divergence have gone in par with ecological differentiation, with species now preferring different microhabitats. Similar methods also found that

3705-445: The species' life history , behavior , physiology , and karyology , may be explored. For example, territorial songs are indicative of species in the treecreepers , a bird genus with few morphological differences. Mating tests are common in some groups such as fungi to confirm the reproductive isolation of two species. Analysis of DNA sequences is becoming increasingly standard for species recognition and may, in many cases, be

3770-561: The term "species group." Often, such complexes do not become evident until a new species is introduced into the system, which breaks down existing species barriers. An example is the introduction of the Spanish slug in Northern Europe , where interbreeding with the local black slug and red slug , which were traditionally considered clearly separate species that did not interbreed, shows that they may be actually just subspecies of

3835-418: The term to a group of species among which hybridisation has occurred or is occurring, which leads to intermediate forms and blurred species boundaries. The informal classification, superspecies, can be exemplified by the grizzled skipper butterfly, which is a superspecies that is further divided into three subspecies. Some authors apply the term to a species with intraspecific variability , which might be

3900-541: The wild, it consumes up to 600 g (21 oz) of food daily. The African wildcat preys foremost on murids , to a lesser extent also on birds, small reptiles and invertebrates . The wildcat has two estrus periods, one in December–February and another in May–July. Estrus lasts 5–9 days, with a gestation period lasting 60–68 days. Ovulation is induced through copulation . Spermatogenesis occurs throughout

3965-462: The wildcat were used for medicinal purposes; its flesh for treating gout , its fat for dissolving tumours and easing pain, its blood for curing " falling sickness ", and its excrement for treating baldness . The Picts venerated wildcats, having probably named Caithness (Land of the Cats) after them. According to the foundation myth of the Catti tribe, their ancestors were attacked by wildcats upon landing in Scotland. Their ferocity impressed

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4030-960: The wildcat's primary senses when hunting. It lies in wait for prey, then catches it by executing a few leaps, which can span three metres. When hunting near water courses, it waits on trees overhanging the water. It kills small prey by grabbing it in its claws, and piercing the neck or occiput with its fangs. When attacking large prey, it leaps upon the animal's back, and attempts to bite the neck or carotid . It does not persist in attacking if prey manages to escape. The European wildcat primarily preys on small mammals such as European rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ) and rodents . It also preys on dormice , hares , nutria ( Myocastor coypus ) and birds , especially ducks and other waterfowl , galliformes , pigeons and passerines . It can consume large bone fragments. Although it kills insectivores such as moles and shrews , it rarely eats them. When living close to human settlements, it preys on poultry . In

4095-527: The year. During the mating season , males fight viciously, and may congregate around a single female. There are records of male and female wildcats becoming temporarily monogamous. Kittens are usually born between April and May, and up to August. Litter size ranges from 1–7 kittens. Kittens are born with closed eyes and are covered in a fuzzy coat. They weigh 65–163 g (2.3–5.7 oz) at birth, and kittens under 90 g (3.2 oz) usually do not survive. They are born with pink paw pads, which blacken at

4160-542: Was Felis lunensis , which lived in Europe in the late Pliocene and Villafranchian periods. Fossil remains indicate that the transition from lunensis to silvestris was completed by the Holstein interglacial about 340,000 to 325,000 years ago. Craniological differences between the European and African wildcats indicate that the wildcat probably migrated during the Late Pleistocene from Europe into

4225-570: Was commonly kept by ancient Egyptians since at least the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt . Celtic fables of the Cat Sìth , a fairy creature described as resembling a large white-chested black cat, are thought to have been inspired by the Kellas cat , itself thought to be a free-ranging crossbreed between a European wildcat and a domestic cat. In 1693, William Salmon mentioned how body parts of

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