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63-677: Firoz Minor is located one kilometre away from the Dakhil Darwaza at the city of Gaur . Gaur is at a distance of 16 kilometres (9.9 miles) from the city of Malda and is situated at the Malda district in the Indian state of West Bengal . The minar was built by Sultan Saifuddin Firuz Shah of the Habshi dynasty . The construction started in 1485 and ended in 1489. Colloquially, the tower

126-549: A fountain and water channel located halfway from the Dakhil Darwaza gate. The gate still stands today. According to the Portuguese and medieval Bengali poet Krittibas Ojha , the road from the Dakhil Darwaza to the durbar had nine well-guarded gates, of which two can still be identified today. The second compartment was the living quarter of the Sultan which was adorned with glazed tiles of various colours. The third compartment

189-558: A number abuses committed by the BSF. The report was compiled from the interviews of abuse victims, witnesses, members of the BSF, and its Bangladeshi counterpart, the BGB. The report stated that over 900 Bangladeshi citizens were killed during the first decade of the 21st century, many of whom crossed the border for cattle rustling or other smuggling activities. However, the report also noted that some were killed due to "indiscriminate firing from across

252-536: Is India's border guarding organisation on its border with Pakistan and Bangladesh . Border Guards Bangladesh (BGB), formerly known as the Bangladesh Rifles (BDR), is a paramilitary force responsible for the security of Bangladesh's 4,427 kilometres (2,751 mi) long border with India and Myanmar. Benapole–Petrapole border ceremony at the India-Bangladesh border crossing site

315-431: Is a beating retreat flag ceremony jointly held by the military of both nations every day at 6 pm, which is open to the public as tourist attractions. No special permit or ticket is needed. India has similar border ceremonies with other nations . India-Bangladesh borer has numerous border haats or markets held one day each week. It is not only a market for locals and tourists for buying daily commodities but also

378-529: Is a historic city of Bengal in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent , and one of the most prominent capitals of classical and medieval India , being the capital city of Bengal under several kingdoms. The Gauḍa region was also a province of several pan-Indian empires. During the seventh century, the Gauda Kingdom was founded by King Shashanka , whose reign corresponds with the beginning of

441-652: Is located at 24°52′N 88°08′E  /  24.867°N 88.133°E  / 24.867; 88.133 . It straddles the Bangladesh-India border , with most of its ruins on the Indian side and a few structures on the Bangladeshi side, it was once one of the most populous cities in the world. The ruins of this former city now straddle the international border and are divided between the Malda district of West Bengal and Chapai Nawabganj District of Rajshahi Division . The Kotwali Gate, formerly part of

504-474: Is referred as Pir Asa Mandir and Chiragh Dani. The tower also commemorates Firuz Shah's victories in the battlefield. According to tradition, Firuz Shah threw the chief architect from the topmost storey as he was not satisfied with the minar's height and wanted it to be taller. The minar resembles the Qutb Minar of Delhi. Firoz Minar is five storeyed structure. The first three stories are dodecagonal while

567-582: The Baghirhati-Hooghly river, but after the late 16th century the river linked up with Padma as its primary channel and abandoned its channels in the south-western portion of the Bengal Delta . Venetian traveller Cesare Federici observed that ships were unable to sail north of Saptagram for this very reason. Around the same time the Ganges silted up and abandoned its channels above Gauda,

630-578: The Battle of Rajmahal in 1576. The Mughals built several structures in Gaur. The two-storeyed Mughal Tahakhana complex was a resting place for viceroys. The tahkhana in Persian means a building with a cool environment. The name indicates that the complex had an indoor ventilation system to moderate humid temperatures. The complex was also used as a Sufi khanqah . The Lukochori Darwaza (hide and seek gate)

693-607: The Bengali calendar . Gour gradually became synonymous with Bengal and Bengalis. It was conquered by Bakhtiyar Khalji , a lieutenant of the Ghurid ruler Muhammad of Ghori in 1203. For a period of 112 years, between 1453 and 1565, Gauda was the capital of the Bengal Sultanate . In 1500, Gauda was the fifth-most populous city in the world, with a population of 200,000, as well as one of the most densely populated cities in

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756-574: The Border Guards Bangladesh (BGB), most notably in 2001 . In July 2009, Channel 4 News reported that hundreds of Indians and Bangladeshis were killed by the BSF along the Indo-Bangladeshi border fence during its construction. The BSF state that the fence's main purpose is to check illegal immigration and to prevent cross-border terrorism . In 2010, Human Rights Watch (HRW) issued an 81-page report which documented

819-883: The Conquest of Sylhet against the Gour Kingdom . Sylhet was successfully incorporated into Firuz's Lakhnauti kingdom. His successor, Ghiyasuddin Bahadur Shah would lose independence to the Delhi Sultanate once again. Gauda was widely known as Gaur during the Bengal Sultanate . The founder of the sultanate, Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah , was Delhi's governor in Satgaon. Ilyas Shah rebelled and overthrew Gaur's governor Alauddin Ali Shah in 1342. Ilyas Shah united

882-772: The Indian states . Bangladesh and India share a 4,096-kilometre-long (2,545 mi) international border, the fifth-longest land border in the world, including 262 km (163 mi) in Assam , 856 km (532 mi) in Tripura , 318 km (198 mi) in Mizoram , 443 km (275 mi) in Meghalaya and 2,217 km (1,378 mi) in West Bengal . The Bangladeshi divisions of Mymensingh , Khulna , Rajshahi , Rangpur , Sylhet , and Chittagong are situated along

945-570: The President of Bangladesh in 1977, Indira Gandhi also lost the 1977 Indian general election in the same year. In October 1979, Bangladesh said, it should be regarded as no-man's-land and farmers on the Indian side should be refrained from harvesting in no-man's-land. The Indian side disagreed and Indian peasants began harvesting the paddy they had sown. Bangladesh Rifles and the Border Security Force both exchanged fire in

1008-592: The Reconquest of Arakan . The Portuguese historian Castenhada de Lopez described the houses of Gaur. Most buildings were one-storeyed with ornamental floor tiles, courtyards and gardens. There were canals and bridges. Bengal attracted many Eurasian merchants during the Sultanate period and Gaur was a centre of the trade like other erstwhile Bengali cities, including Pandua, Chittagong , Sonargaon and Satgaon . Bengal also attracted immigrants from North India,

1071-850: The UNCLOS . On 7 July 2014, Arbitration Tribunal resolved the dispute in Bangladesh's favor, which was amicably accepted by both sides, thus ending the dispute. Dispute also included South Talpatti (also called "New Moore"), a small uninhabited offshore sandbar that emerged as an Island in the aftermath of the Bhola cyclone in 1970, and disappeared around March 2010. Designated Integrated Check Posts (ICP, with both customs and immigration facilities) and Land Customs Stations (LCS) are: Transport between India and Bangladesh bears much historical and political significance for both countries, which possessed no ground transport links for 43 years, starting with

1134-587: The citadel , now marks the border checkpoint between the two countries. After the fall of the Gupta Empire , western Bengal was ruled by the Gauda Kingdom and eastern Bengal by the Samatata Kingdom. Gauda was founded by Shashanka , one of the pioneering Bengal kings in history. Shashanka's reign falls approximately between 590 and 625. The Pala Empire was founded in the Gauda region during

1197-477: The partition of Bengal and India in 1947. After the establishment of Bangladesh following the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 , bilateral relations improved considerably, but the two governments moved slowly on implementing a 1980 agreement on improving transport links. The Kolkata – Dhaka Bus started in 1999. In 2001, another bus service was launched to connect Dhaka with Agartala, the capital of

1260-512: The Bengal region into a separate independent state from Delhi in 1352. Pandua became the first capital of the sultanate. In 1450, Sultan Mahmud Shah of Bengal announced the transfer of Bengal's capital from Pandua to Gaur. The transfer was completed by 1453. Gaur served as the Bengali sultanate's capital for over one hundred years until 1565. Gaur was one of the most densely populated cities in

1323-824: The Governor of Lakhnauti, declared independence from the Delhi Sultanate. He would be succeeded by his son, Rukunuddin Kaikaus who expanded the kingdom. During his rule, the Lakhnauti-based kingdom expanded into Satgaon in the south, Bihar in the west, Devkot in the north. His successor was Shamsuddin Firuz Shah , who played pivotal roles in completing Kaikaus' work in Satgaon before proceeding to take over Mymensingh and Sonargaon . In 1303, Firuz's nephew Sikandar Khan Ghazi and commander-in-chief Syed Nasiruddin teamed up with Shah Jalal and his forces in

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1386-415: The Indian state of Tripura , the second-largest city of Northeast India that borders Bangladesh in the east. In 2015 June direct bus service from Kolkata to Agartala via, Petrapole, Dhaka, Akhoura began. The service is operated by West Bengal surface transport corporation. Before partition India and Bangladesh had multiple rail links . In the 21st century, the countries are only connected by rail links on

1449-410: The Indian subcontinent, with a population rivalling that of Fatehpur Sikri . The city had a citadel , a royal palace and durbar , many mosques, residences for aristocrats and merchants, and bazaars. Portuguese travellers left detailed and extensive accounts of Gaur. The Portuguese compared the affluence of the city with Lisbon. The royal palace was divided into three compartments. A high wall enclosed

1512-641: The Indian subcontinent. The Portuguese left detailed accounts of the city. The Sultans built a citadel, many mosques, a royal palace, canals and bridges. Buildings featured glazed tiles. The city thrived until the collapse of the Bengal Sultanate in the 16th century, when the Mughal Empire took control of the region. When the Mughal Emperor Humayun invaded the region, he renamed the city Jannatabad ("heavenly city"). Most of

1575-513: The Kingdom of Koch Bihar and the Mughal Empire . After the partition of India in 1947, Cooch Behar district merged with India and Rangpur went to then- East Pakistan , which became Bangladesh in 1971. The prime ministers of India and Bangladesh signed a Land Boundary Agreement in 1974 to exchange all enclaves and simplify the international border. In 1974 Bangladesh approved the proposed Land Boundary Agreement, but India did not ratify it. In 2011

1638-768: The Land Boundary Agreement, the enclave residents could continue to reside at their present location or move to the country of their choice. The adverse possession of Boraibari went to Bangladesh. The undemarcated borders between the nations were also finally solved with respect to Daikhata-Dumabari, Muhurichar (an island in the Muhuri River ), and Pyrdiwah. India and Bangladesh, with different perceptions of their maritime boundaries and exclusive economic zone, engaged in eight rounds of bilateral negotiations since 1974, which remained inconclusive until 2009 when both agreed to undergo arbitration under

1701-524: The Middle East, and Central Asia. In the 16th-century, Gaur was occupied by the Mughal emperor Humayun who sought to name it as Jannatabad (heavenly city). The city was looted and plundered during Sher Shah Suri 's invasion. After 1565, Sultan Sulaiman Khan Karrani shifted the capital to Tandah. In 1575, Gaur was conquered by a Mughal contingent led by Munim Khan . The Bengal Sultanate ended during

1764-726: The Sonamosjid checkpoint on the Bangladesh-India border. The checkpoint is located near the Choto Sona Mosque in Chapai Nawabganj district, Bangladesh. Bangladesh-India border The Bangladesh–India border , known locally as the Radcliffe line ( IB ), is an international border running between the republics of Bangladesh and India that demarcates the six divisions of Bangladesh and

1827-776: The Western Bangladeshi border, although there are plans to rebuild some of the other rail links. 2 scheduled passenger trains run between Kolkata and Bangladesh as the Maitree Express and the Bandhan Express . One train Mitali Express runs between Dhaka Cantonment and New Jalpaiguri Junction of North Bengal . Out of total length of International Border with Bangladesh 4,096.70 kilometres (2,545.57 mi), Government of India has completely fenced 3,180 kilometres (1,980 mi) by 2024 and

1890-532: The area. The Bangladeshi Archaeology Department has carried out several projects in both the Bangladeshi and Indian sides of Gauda. The Indian archaeological survey is also carrying out excavations of a mound about a kilometre from the Chikha building within the Baisgaji Wall where remains of a palace are turning up. A permanent artefact and photographic exhibition highlighting the major monuments of Gour and

1953-492: The beginning days of November thus starting intense gunbattles between the two sides. Bangladesh Rifles and Indian Border Security Forces exchanged fire near the Comilla-Tripura border throughout the entire month of November to December 1979. The shooting appeared to have become a habit with the soldiers on both sides. A joint survey team of India and Bangladesh visited the area and watched bullets flying across

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2016-550: The border during the 1970s, years after the victory of the Battles of Belonia Bulge by the Mukti Bahini and allied Indian troops . The Belonia issue was almost settled in 1974 when Indira Gandhi and Sheikh Mujibur Rahman agreed to the general principle of watershed. It was decided that in all cases of river line boundaries the midstream would be regarded as the border. And that both sides would take steps to ensure that

2079-674: The border during the prior six months. Bangladeshi media accused the BSF of abducting 5 Bangladeshi children, aged between 8 and 15, from the Haripur Upazila in Thakurgaon District of Bangladesh, in 2010. The children were setting fishing nets near the border. In 2010, Human Rights Watch accused the Border Security Force of the indiscriminate killings. On 7 January 2011, BSF forces killed 15-year-old Felani Khatun after she became tangled while climbing

2142-440: The border fence during a return trip to Bangladesh. Her body was left hanging from the fence where it was photographed, drawing widespread outrage. In 2019, Bangladesh border guards shot at BSF personnel. They claimed self defence. One BSF officer was killed. The breakdown of the length of land border by Indian states is as follows, clockwise: There were nearly 200 enclaves and counter-enclaves that existed on both sides of

2205-484: The border to India. Because of a large number of illegal immigrants crossing from Bangladesh into India, a controversial shoot-on-sight policy has been enforced by the Indian border patrols. This policy was initiated with reports of violence between the illegal migrants and Indian soldiers. The border has also witnessed occasional skirmishes between the Indian Border Security Force (BSF) and

2268-509: The border up until 2015. The enclaves or chitmahals ( Bengali : ছিটমহল ) that ran along the border between the two nations were a longstanding feature of the region. The enclaves were reputedly part of a high-stakes card game or chess games centuries ago between two regional kings, the Raja of Cooch Behar and the Maharaja of Rangpur , and the result of the confused outcome of a treaty between

2331-555: The border". The HRW called for a joint independent investigation to be conducted by both governments. The Bangladeshi government has often accused the BSF of incursions into Bangladeshi territory, and indiscriminate shooting of civilians along the India–Bangladesh border. In a news conference in August 2008, Indian BSF officials admitted that they killed 59 illegals (34 Bangladeshis, 21 Indians, 4 unidentified) who were trying to cross

2394-474: The border. A number of pillars mark the border between the two states. Small demarcated portions of the border are fenced on both sides. The Radcliffe Line was published on 17 August 1947 as a boundary demarcation line between the dominions of India and Pakistan upon the partition of India . It was named after its architect, Sir Cyril Radcliffe , who, as chairman of the Border Commissions,

2457-511: The city only recently having been captured by Mughal forces suffered a devastating epidemic and was consequentially abandoned. The city in its prime measured 7 + 1 ⁄ 8  km (4.4 mi). from north to south, with a breadth of 1 to 2 km (0.62 to 1.24 mi). With suburbs it covered an area of 20 to 30 km (12 to 19 mi), and in the 16th century the Portuguese historian Faria y Sousa described it as containing 1,200,000 inhabitants. The ramparts of this walled city (which

2520-729: The city, and even more overgrown with jungle. A deep moat protects it on the outside. To the north of the outer embankment lies the Sagar Dighi, a great reservoir, 1600 yd. by 800 yd., dating from 1126. Fergusson in his History of Eastern Architecture thus describes the general architectural style of Gauḍa: It is neither like that of Delhi nor Jaunpur, nor any other style, but one purely local and not without considerable merit in itself; its principal characteristic being heavy short pillars of stone supporting pointed arches and vaults in brick whereas at Jaunpore, for instance, light pillars carried horizontal architraves and flat ceilings. Owing to

2583-492: The cultivable tract as their own territory. Of it, 44.87 acre falls in the Indian territory, while the rest is in Bangladesh's control. In total, there were 8 skirmishes from 1979 to 1999 in Muhuri Char. BGB and BSF clashed for a total of 58 days in 20 years. The border is used as a route for smuggling livestock, food items, medicines, and drugs from India to Bangladesh. Moreover, illegal immigrants from Bangladesh cross

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2646-482: The disputed 44-acre stretch of land. Exchange of firing ended, but the talks had later failed. Skirmishes in Belonia also occurred in 1985, Where heavy mortars were used in the intense clash. Skirmishes near and in Belonia also occurred in 1999, where 6 civilians including 1 BSF Jawan were injured. The 67.31-acre land at Muhurichar has remained a disputed area since 1974 with both India and Bangladesh claiming

2709-492: The disputed land for 90 minutes. No fatalities or injuries were reported. After the three-day talks, the two delegations issued a brief joint statement in which, both sides agreed to exercise maximum restraint and avoided provocation to ensure the return of normalcy in the Muhuri Char area of the Belonia sector on the Tripura-Comilla border. This merely meant that the two sides would not resort to exchange of firing on

2772-557: The government. The finest ruin in Gauḍa is that of the Great Golden Mosque, also called Bara Darwaza, or twelve doored (1526). An arched corridor running along the whole front of the original building is the principal portion now standing. There are eleven arches on either side of the corridor and one at each end of it, from which the mosque probably obtained its name. These arches are surmounted by eleven domes in fair preservation;

2835-437: The lightness of the small, thin bricks, which were chiefly used in the making of Gauḍa, its buildings have not well withstood the ravages of time and the weather; while much of its enamelled work has been removed for the ornamentation of the surrounding cities of more modern origin. Moreover, the ruins long served as a quarry for the builders of neighbouring towns and villages, till in 1900 steps were taken for their preservation by

2898-514: The mosque had originally thirty-three. According to Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition , "The Tantipar mosque (1475–1480) has beautiful moulding in brick, and the Lotan mosque of the same period is unique in retaining its glazed tiles . The citadel, of the Muslim period, was strongly fortified with a rampart and entered through a magnificent gateway called the Dakhil Darwaza (1459–1474). At

2961-593: The next two are circular in shape. The tower is 26 metres (85 ft) high and its circumference is 19 metres (62 ft). A spiral 73 step staircase leads to its top. Although there was a dome at the topmost storey, it was replaced by a flat roof due to restoration work. The minar is built in Tughlaqi architecture and there are terracotta works on its walls. The tower sits on top of a masonry plinth . Gau%E1%B8%8Da (city) Gauḍa (also known as Gaur , Gour , Lakhnauti , Lakshmanavati and Jannatabad )

3024-528: The palace. A moat surrounded the palace on three sides and was connected to the Ganges, which guarded the western side of the citadel. According to a contemporary Vaishnava poet, Sultan Alauddin Hussain Shah once saw a procession led by Sri Chaitanya on the opposite bank of the river. The first compartment in the north included the durbar. An inscription of Sultan Rukunuddin Barbak Shah mentions

3087-844: The remaining 916 kilometres (569 mi) is covered by physical and non-physical barriers as it is not feasible to fence the entire border due to densely forested rugged mountains, riverine and marshy areas. India has similar fence on borders with Pakistan and Myanmar . The approved length of the fence along Indo-Bangladesh Border was 3,326.14 kilometres (2,066.77 mi) in 2018, sections of which were progressively constructed, i.e. 2,529 kilometres (1,571 mi) by November 2007, 2,649 kilometres (1,646 mi) by October 2009, 2,735 kilometres (1,699 mi) by March 2011, 2,746.44 kilometres (1,706.56 mi) by February 2018, 2,803.013 kilometres (1,741.712 mi) by July 2019, 3,141 kilometres (1,952 mi) by August 2021, and 3,180 kilometres (1,980 mi) by 2024. Border Security Force (BSF)

3150-519: The restoration work is undertaken by the ASI is being held at the Metcalfe Hall , Kolkata . Among the exhibits are also some fine specimens of brick moulding and glazed tiles from Gour. Bus and rail transport are available from Kolkata to Malda town. The nearest railway station is Gour Malda . Although, it is desirable to visit Gauda via Malda Town railway station. Gauda can be accessed through

3213-448: The rise of Gopala as king with the approval of an assembly of chieftains. The Pala Emperors carried the title Lord of Gauda . The empire ruled for four centuries and its territory included large parts of northern India. According to historian D. C. Sicar , the term Gauda is an appropriate name for the Pala Empire itself. The Pala period saw the development of the Bengali language , script and other aspects of Bengali culture. Indeed,

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3276-441: The rivers did not change their course but unfortunately, it was not settled. The joint boundaries commission was to meet in the first week of November to finalise the Belonia border within the framework of the Indira-Mujib agreement. Officials of the two countries held a flag meeting. However, on 15 August 1975, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and his family was killed after Mujib established a one-party system , and Ziaur Rahman became

3339-416: The south-east corner was a palace, surrounded by a wall of brick 66 ft (20 m) high, of which a part is standing. Nearby were the royal tombs. Within the citadel is the Kadam Rasul mosque (1530), which is still used, and close outside is a tall tower called the Firoz Minar (perhaps signifying tower of victory). There are a number of Muslim buildings on the banks of the Sagar Dighi, including, notably,

3402-403: The space enclosed by these embankments and the river stood the city of Gauḍa proper, with the fort containing the palace in its south-west corner. Radiating north, south and east from the city, other embankments are to be traced running through the suburbs and extending in certain directions for 30 or 40 m. Surrounding the palace is an inner embankment of similar construction to that which surrounds

3465-402: The surviving structures in Gauda are from the period of the Bengal Sultanate. The city was sacked by Sher Shah Suri . An outbreak of the plague contributed to the city's downfall. The course of the Ganges was once located near the city, but a change in the river's course caused Gauda to lose its strategic importance. A new Mughal capital developed later in Rajmahal and then in Dhaka . Gauda

3528-613: The term Gaudiya (of Gauda) became synonymous with Bengal and Bengalis . Gauda became known as Lakhnauti during the Sena dynasty . The name was in honour of the Sena ruler Lakhsman Sena. On a campaign towards Tibet in 1206, Bakhtiyar left Shiran Khalji to govern Bengal as a substitute. Bakhtiyar would die after the failure of this expedition, officially leaving Shiran as the next governor of Lakhnauti who would shortly be succeeded by Ali Mardan Khalji and Iwaz Khalji . The latter would declare independence from Delhi which would also lead to his death. In 1281, Nasiruddin Bughra Khan ,

3591-465: The tomb of the saint Makhdum Shaikh Akhi Siraj (died 1357), and in the neighbourhood is a burning ghat , traditionally the only one allowed to the use of the Hindus by their Muslim conquerors, and still greatly venerated and frequented by them. Many inscriptions of historical importance have been found in the ruins.." The Archaeological Survey of India and the Department of Archaeology in Bangladesh are responsible for preserving heritage structures in

3654-437: The two countries again agreed to exchange enclaves and adverse possessions. A revised version of the agreement was finally adopted by the two countries when the Parliament of India passed the 119th Amendment to the Indian Constitution on 7 May 2015. Inside the main part of Bangladesh, there were 111 Indian enclaves (17,160.63 acres), while inside the main part of India, there were 51 Bangladeshi enclaves (7,110.02 acres). Under

3717-427: Was charged with equitably dividing 450,000 square kilometres (175,000 sq mi) of territory with 88 million people based on religious lines. This involved the partition of the Bengal region , which resulted in transferring East Bengal to Pakistan, which was later liberated in 1971 , thereby Bangladesh continuing to share the same line as the border with the Indian Republic. Several skirmishes occurred along

3780-401: Was erected on the road that led to the complex. The construction of these structures can be traced to the reign of viceroy Shah Shuja . An outbreak of the plague and a change in the course of the Ganges caused the city to be abandoned. Since then the area has been a heap of ruins in the wilderness and almost overgrown with jungle. The great river of Ganges was conventionally linked with

3843-401: Was one of the most prominent capitals in the history of Bengal and the history of the Indian subcontinent , and a centre of stately medieval architecture. Gauda's ruins were depicted in the artwork of European painters during the 18th and 19th centuries. Colonial officials, such as Francis Buchanan-Hamilton and William Francklin , left detailed surveys of the former Bengali capital. Gauḍa

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3906-415: Was surrounded by extensive suburbs) still exist; they were works of vast labour, and were on the average about 40 ft (12 m) high, and 180 to 200 ft (61 m) thick at the base. The facing of masonry and the buildings with which they were covered have now disappeared, and the embankments themselves are overgrown with dense jungle. The western side of the city was washed by the Ganges, and within

3969-432: Was the harem . Many artefacts have been recovered from the palace grounds, including enamelled bricks and Chinese porcelain . In 1521, a Portuguese visitor saw Sultan Nusrat Shah enjoying polo being played on the plains below the citadel. Gaur was the center of regional politics. The deposed Arakanese king Min Saw Mon was granted asylum in Gaur. The Sultan of Bengal dispatched a military expedition from Gaur to achieve

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