The First Cadet Corps was a military school in Saint Petersburg.
36-554: The initiative to create cadet corps for noblemen in Russia came from Count Pavel Yaguzhinsky . By the decree of Empress Anna Ioannovna of July 29, 1731, the Senate was ordered to establish a cadet corps. Menshikov Palace on Vasilyevsky Island was transferred to the placement of the school. The opening took place on February 28, 1732; with 56 cadets. When in June the number of cadets
72-494: A division into five ages was introduced. Only children of 5-6 years of age were accepted, whose training was to last 15 years. The youngest age was under female supervision, and starting from the 4th age, pupils shared, "at will or by inclination", to prepare for military or civil services. Each age was divided into five sections. In these departments, both noble children and gymnasium students (children of commoners) studied together. High school students studied on an equal footing with
108-702: A marriage had been suggested between him and Christina , heir to the throne of Sweden, but although the idea was revived during the peace negotiations between Sweden and Brandenburg, it came to nothing. When his father died in 1640, the 20-year-old's reign as elector began. Following the Thirty Years' War, which devastated much of the Holy Roman Empire , Frederick William focused on rebuilding his war-ravaged territories. Brandenburg-Prussia benefited from his policy of religious tolerance , and he used French subsidies to build up an army that took part in
144-761: A similar concept. Based on the Prussian model, cadet schools were founded by the Saxon Army in 1725 at Dresden and by the Bavarian Army at Munich in 1755. A Württemberg military college ( Kriegsschule ) was founded in 1820 at Ludwigsburg . In the Austrian Empire , Cadeten-Institute were established in Hainburg , Eisenstadt , Marburg , and Rijeka , where officer candidates prepared for military academy attendance. A first Russian Cadet Corps
180-531: A system that was expanded by later Prussian architects, such as Georg Steenke ; the system is still in use today. In his half-century reign, 1640–1688, the Great Elector transformed the small remote state of Prussia into a great power by augmenting and integrating the Hohenzollern family possessions in northern Germany and Prussia. When he became elector (ruler) of Brandenburg in 1640, the country
216-457: Is a type of military school (such as a JROTC high school , ROTC program , senior military college or service academy ) intended to prepare cadets for a military life, with the school typically incorporating real military structure and ranks within their respective program. Initially, such schools admitted only sons of the nobility or gentry , but in time many of the schools were opened also to members of other social classes. Since
252-843: The Dutch East India Company . The charter he granted to the BAC stipulated that they could establish a colony in West Africa , which was subsequently named the Brandenburger Gold Coast . Between 17,000 and 30,000 enslaved Africans were transported by the BAC to the Americas before the colony was sold to the Dutch in 1721. Significant ships named after Frederick William include two Imperial Navy ships of Germany named Grosser Kurfürst : one built in 1875 and
288-672: The Edict of Nantes , Frederick William encouraged skilled French and Walloon Huguenots to emigrate to Brandenburg-Prussia with the Edict of Potsdam , bolstering the country's technical and industrial base. On Blumenthal's advice he agreed to exempt the nobility from taxes and in return they agreed to dissolve the Estates-General . He also simplified travel in Brandenburg and the Duchy of Prussia by connecting riverways with canals,
324-730: The "Great Elector" Frederick William I of Brandenburg , in Kolberg , Berlin , and Magdeburg . In 1716 the 1st Kolberg corps of about seventy cadets was relocated to the Royal Prussian Cadet Corps in Berlin. Based at the newly erected Kadettenhaus , it became the main education centre of Prussian Army officers under "Soldier King" Frederick William I . Further cadet schools were established in Stolp (1769), Kulm (1776), Potsdam , and Kalisch (1793). The educational system
360-545: The 1655 to 1660 Second Northern War . This ended with the treaties of Labiau , Wehlau , Bromberg and Oliva ; these changed the status of Ducal Prussia from that of a Polish fief to fully sovereign (after a brief period of control by Sweden). In 1672, Frederick William joined the Franco-Dutch War as an ally of the Dutch Republic , led by his nephew William of Orange but made peace with France in
396-591: The 19th century, "corps of cadets" has referred to the student body of cadets at a military academy. The original Cadets de Gascogne corps was established by King Louis XIII of France for younger sons of Gascon gentry (in the Gascon language , capdets —"little chiefs"). This idea of a school for boys who would later become gentlemen volunteers in the army to offset their lack of patrimony , soon spread, with similar schools being established in other European countries. Notable cadet-corps schools were created by
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#1732776873304432-668: The Berlin library. In 1682, at the suggestion of the Dutch merchant and privateer Benjamin Raule , he granted a charter to the Brandenburg Africa Company (BAC), marking the first organised and sustained attempt by a German state to take part in the Atlantic slave trade . As Brandenburg-Prussia remained economically impoverished after the Thirty Years War, he hoped to replicate the mercantile successes of
468-514: The Cadets. In the corpus, theatrical art, dance, music were studied, while military disciplines were not among the priority ones. As a result, a situation emerged that Semyon Vorontsov estimated as follows: The officers who left the old cadet corps were only good military men; those brought up by Betskoy, played comedies, wrote poems, they knew, in short, everything except what the officer should have known. A fundamental change occurred in 1794, when
504-666: The German doctrine of Auftragstaktik , and for using rapid mobility to defeat his foes. Since his capital Berlin had suffered greatly from the Swedish occupation during the Thirty Years' War, Friedrich Wilhelm commissioned the master engineer Johann Gregor Memhardt to plan a city fortification. Construction of the Berlin Fortress began in 1650 following the contemporary fortification model of bastion forts in northern Italy. Large parts were finished between 1658 and 1662, but
540-458: The June 1673 Treaty of Vossem . Although he rejoined the anti-French alliance in 1674, this left him diplomatically isolated; despite conquering much of Swedish Pomerania during the Scanian War , he was obliged to return most of it to Sweden in the 1679 Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye . In 1666 his title to Cleves , Jülich and Ravensberg was definitely recognized. Frederick William
576-752: The Palatinate . His inheritance consisted of the Margraviate of Brandenburg , the Duchy of Cleves , the County of Mark , and the Duchy of Prussia . Owing to the disorder in Brandenburg during the Thirty Years' War , he spent part of his youth in the Netherlands , studying at Leiden University and learning something of war and statecraft under Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange . During his boyhood,
612-780: The Silent . Their children were as follows: On 13 June 1668 in Gröningen , Frederick William married Sophie Dorothea of Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg , daughter of Philip, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg and Sophie Hedwig of Saxe-Lauenburg , widow of Christian Louis, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg . Their children were the following: In both self-confident women he found political advisers who thought and acted pragmatically. Both accompanied him on his campaigns. Luise Henriette also distinguished herself through charity, Sophie Dorothea through extraordinary business acumen, which allowed her to increase both her own fortune (and thus
648-572: The Swedes by surprise and managed to defeat them on the field at the Battle of Fehrbellin , destroying the myth of Swedish military invincibility. He later destroyed another Swedish army that invaded the Duchy of Prussia during the Great Sleigh Drive in 1678. He is noted for his use of broad directives and delegation of decision-making to his commanders, which would later become the basis for
684-405: The U.S. Federal Government, referred to as federal service academies, are: These schools do not force students to pay tuition but require students to fulfill a mandatory service requirements. Six colleges that offer military Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) programs under 10 U.S.C. § 2111a(f), though many other schools offer military Reserve Officers' Training Corps under other sections of
720-639: The active duty US Navy, US Marine Corps, or US Coast Guard. Military junior colleges participate in the Army's two-year Early Commissioning Program , an Army ROTC program where qualified students can earn a commission as a Second Lieutenant after only two years of college. Likewise, Upper Canada College , in Toronto , Ontario , maintained a cadet corps from 1832 to 1976. Frederick William I, Elector of Brandenburg Frederick William ( German : Friedrich Wilhelm ; 16 February 1620 – 29 April 1688)
756-422: The corps was headed by Mikhail Kutuzov , who reorganized according to the instructions of Emperor Paul I . Instead of five age groups, four musketeer and one grenadier company were introduced. All civilian teachers were replaced by military officers . Tactics and military history classes were introduced, for officers as well as cadets. Cadet Corps A corps of cadets , also called cadet corps ,
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#1732776873304792-485: The foreign craftsmen he brought in. He established local governments in each province, headed by a governor and a chancellor, but they reported to his central government in Berlin. The Great Elector is most famous for building a strong standing army, with an elite officer corps. In 1668 he introduced the Prussian General Staff; it became the model in controlling an army for other European powers. Funding
828-452: The importance of trade and promoted it vigorously. His shrewd domestic reforms gave Prussia a strong position in the post-Westphalian political order of Northern-Central Europe, setting Prussia up for elevation from duchy to kingdom , achieved under his son and successor . Elector Frederick William was born in Berlin to George William, Elector of Brandenburg , and Elisabeth Charlotte of
864-468: The inheritance of her children) and to strengthen the state economy. Both also left behind impressive palace buildings that they had built on their fiefs from their own income. The suspicion that Dorothea worked towards a division of Brandenburg-Prussia in order to secure an income for her sons is regarded as refuted by historical scholarship. This negative perception is based on the fact that some publicists do not base their critical judgments on Dorothea on
900-487: The last ramparts only in 1683. Frederick William raised an army of 45,000 soldiers by 1678, through the General War Commissariat presided over by Joachim Friedrich von Blumenthal . He succeeded in his goal of centralizing the administration and increasing the revenue, and was an advocate of mercantilism , monopolies, subsidies, tariffs, and internal improvements . Following Louis XIV's revocation of
936-494: The law. All Military Senior Military Colleges In addition, these five institutions that were military colleges at the time of their founding now maintain both a corps of cadets and a civilian student body. Many of these institutions also offer online degree programs: Maritime Institutes operate on a military college system. Cadets may apply for Naval Reserve commissions upon obtaining their Merchant Marine Officer's licenses and offer some form of military commissioning program into
972-476: The military sciences: languages including German, French, and Latin, "oratorio" and other subjects. Teachers at school rarely explained the material, reducing learning to memorizing sections. This system changed in 1766, when Ivan Betskoy , who headed the corps, compiled the "Charter of the Land gentry Cadet Corps for the upbringing and training of the noble Russian youth". Instead of dividing the cadets into companies,
1008-476: The military through heavy taxes required building up new industry, such as wool, cotton, linen, lace , soap, paper, and iron. He paid attention to infrastructure, especially building the Frederick William Canal through Berlin, linking his capital city to ocean traffic. He was frustrated in building up naval power, lacking ports and sailors. A learned man, he founded a university and established
1044-664: The other built in 1913 . Shipping company Norddeutscher Lloyd (aka North German Lloyd) also built a cargo and passenger liner for North Atlantic service with the same name that was later taken into US Navy service. On 7 December 1646 in The Hague , Frederick William entered into a marriage, proposed by Blumenthal as a partial solution to the Jülich-Berg question, with Luise Henriette of Nassau (1627–1667), daughter of Frederick Henry of Orange-Nassau and Amalia of Solms-Braunfels and his 1st cousin once removed through William
1080-615: The ranks of the prominent rulers in an era of "absolutism". Historians compare him to his contemporaries such as Louis XIV of France (1643–1715), Peter the Great (1682–1725) of Russia, and Charles XI of Sweden (1660–1697). Although a strict Calvinist who stood ready to form alliances against the Catholic states led by France's Louis XIV, he was tolerant of Catholics and Jews. He settled some 20,000 Huguenot refugees from France in his domains, which helped establish industry and trade, as did
1116-520: Was Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia , thus ruler of Brandenburg-Prussia , from 1640 until his death in 1688. A member of the House of Hohenzollern , he is popularly known as " the Great Elector " ( der Große Kurfürst ) because of his military and political achievements. Frederick William was a staunch pillar of the Calvinist faith, associated with the rising commercial class. He saw
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1152-513: Was a military commander of wide renown, and his standing army would later become the model for the Prussian Army . He is notable for his joint victory with Swedish forces at the Battle of Warsaw , which, according to Hajo Holborn , marked "the beginning of Prussian military history", but the Swedes turned on him at the behest of King Louis XIV and invaded Brandenburg . After marching 250 kilometres in 15 days back to Brandenburg, he caught
1188-487: Was already 352, they were divided into three companies. The first graduation took place on June 8, 1734: all 11 graduates were promoted to ensigns. The first teachers were accepted without any test; since 1736, the best students began to be involved in teaching. Initially, the corps was conceived for the training of the military, but due to the lack of educational institutions, it began to train civilian officials. This led to non-military disciplines being taught together with
1224-560: Was created by Empress Anna at Saint Petersburg in 1731. The Corps of Cadets was established at Warsaw for Lithuanian and Polish nobles in 1765 by King Stanisław August Poniatowski . Similar institutions comprise the Imperial Japanese Army Academy established in 1868. In the United States there are several types of institutions which have a cadet corps these include The colleges operated by
1260-458: Was in ruins from the Thirty Years' War; it had lost half its population from war, disease and emigration. The capital Berlin had only 6,000 people left when the wars ended in 1648. He united the multiple separate domains that his family had acquired primarily by marriage over the decades, and built the powerful unified state of Prussia out of them. His success in rebuilding the lands and his astute military and diplomatic leadership propelled him into
1296-533: Was largely reorganised by officers like Ernst von Rüchel , Gerhard von Scharnhorst , August Neidhardt von Gneisenau , and Hermann von Boyen in the course of the 19th century Prussian Reforms . In 1878 the Hauptkadettenanstalt moved to Lichterfelde in the southwestern suburbs of Berlin. The aristocratic Ritter-Akademie ( knight academy ) in Liegnitz , Silesia , established in 1708, had
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