" First Friday " is a name for various public events in some cities (particularly in the United States ) that occur on the first Friday of every month.
41-473: These citywide events may take on many purposes, including art gallery openings, and social and political networking. American cities have promoted such events to bring people to historic areas perceived as dangerous, using the " safety in numbers " mentality to combat urban decay . In some cities this monthly event may occur on the first Saturday of each month instead of Friday or on "Third Thursdays". Additionally, these are "see and be seen" events that serve as
82-436: A block party or social gathering open to the general public. Some of these events may be centered on political networking by Republicans and Democrats, but usually First Fridays are art and entertainment destinations. They may involve pub crawling , other retail establishments such as cafes and restaurants, and performances by fire twirling acts, jazz musicians , belly dancing , street musicians, or others. "First Fridays"
123-607: A barrier between neighboring cities, under the consolidation, the James River became the centerpiece of the expanded Richmond. Today, Manchester is recognized as a historic district in state and national registers. Although Manchester is extinct as an independent city, vestiges can be found in the Manchester Bridge , Manchester Slave Trail, and the Manchester Courthouse. Manchester and other areas of
164-527: A high trestle between what is now Clopton Street and Jefferson Davis Highway . When the new Richmond and Danville Railroad (R&D) was completed between Manchester and Coalfield Station (now Midlothian) in 1851, the older Chesterfield Railroad was unable to compete and portions were acquired by the R&;D, with the remainder dismantled before the Civil War took place. During Reconstruction, Manchester
205-773: A historically located designated arts district . Among the cities with art-oriented First Friday events are: Albany , Anchorage , Augusta , Bellingham , Binghamton , Boston , Burlington , Chicago , Columbia (Missouri) , Columbus , Denver , Fort Collins , Honolulu , Hood River , Indianapolis , Ithaca , Juneau , Kalamazoo , Kansas City , Knoxville , Lincoln , Louisville , Las Vegas , Miami , Missoula , Peoria (Illinois) , Scranton , Oakland , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma , Olympia , Philadelphia , Phoenix , Pittsburgh , Portland (Maine), Raleigh , Richmond , Rochester , San Antonio , San Jose , Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa , Spokane , Tallahassee , Tulsa , York (PA) , Marietta, Ohio , and Ypsilanti . Richmond, Virginia
246-555: A number of the town's art galleries , museums, or artists' studios, both commercial and non-profit 501c3 organizations, will open their doors on Friday evening. The idea is that galleries will attract people to the downtown and enrich the art community by pooling their openings together, sometimes, as in the case of art6 and Artspace in Richmond, Virginia (when in Jackson Ward at 6 East Broad Street) into one monthly evening in
287-602: A range of countries, with rates of collisions between motorists and cyclists or walkers. He found an inverse relationship that was hypothesised to be explained by a concept described as 'behavioural adaptation', whereby drivers who are exposed to greater numbers of cyclists on the road begin to drive more safely around them. Though an attractive concept for cycling advocates, it has not been empirically validated. Other combined modelling and empirical evidence suggests that while changes in driver behaviour might still be one way that collision risk per cyclist declines with greater numbers,
328-478: A slower rate than would be expected based on their numbers. That is, more people walk or cycle where the risk to the individual pedestrian or bicyclist is lower. A 2002 study into whether pedestrian risk decreased with pedestrian flow, using 1983-86 data from signalized intersections in a town in Canada, found that in some circumstances pedestrian flow increased where the risk per pedestrian decreased. After cycling
369-1136: A way for these professionals to meet in a social atmosphere while exchanging useful information. The concept spread rapidly and First Fridays chapters now operate in 39 cities across North America and seven countries worldwide, including Austin , Binghamton , Birmingham , Boston , Charlotte , Charleston , Chicago , Cincinnati , Cleveland , Detroit , Fort Myers , Fort Lauderdale , Hattiesburg , Hartford , Hong Kong , Houston , Indianapolis , Jackson , Kansas City , Kingston , Las Vegas , Los Angeles , Long Beach London , Louisville , Memphis , Miami , Nashville , Nassau , New Orleans , New York , Newark , Oakland , Orlando , Philadelphia , Phoenix, Pittsburgh , Raleigh , Richmond , Rio de Janeiro , Sacramento , San Antonio , San Diego , San Francisco , St. Louis , Normandy , Scranton , South Bend , Syracuse , Tallahassee , Tokyo , Toronto , Washington, D.C., and since May 2016 also in Switzerland Biel/Bienne In 2002, several First Fridays operators created First Fridays United, which
410-511: Is a company founded to organize the existing First Fridays chapters in 30 cities into one group to share information, resources and solicit corporate sponsors and advertisers. The organization sponsors a series of international events in addition to the monthly networking happy hours. Today, First Fridays reaches over 450,000 urban professionals through email, internet, and event marketing and has had numerous Fortune 1000 corporate clients. Chanin Walsh
451-403: Is also a nationally recognized networking event targeting Black professionals held on the first Friday of every month in various cities throughout North America. These events started in 1987 and provide urban professionals an opportunity to socially network, exchange and share ideas on professional, educational, political and social issues. Some cities hold "gallery hops" and "art walks", in which
SECTION 10
#1732776557667492-424: Is among the largest First Fridays art walks in the nation. It draws nearly 20,000 people from all over the state of Virginia and nation, showcasing its artistic side and opening restaurants and art galleries all over Broad Street , Manchester area , and Downtown Richmond . Artspace and Art6 Gallery were two of the first anchor galleries for First Fridays on Broad Street in Richmond. One of the oldest First Friday's
533-605: Is dominated by the Southern States silos, the tallest structures south of the River. Cooperative The Manchester Residential and Commercial Historic District is located in the city of Richmond, Virginia, on the south side of the James River. It is connected to the financial district in Richmond by the Lee, Mayo and Manchester bridges. In the 1800s, Manchester along with Richmond, had become a major port and commercial center serving
574-754: Is located in Boston's SoWa Arts District where more than 80 artists open their studios to the public every First Friday. The SoWa Arts District is located at Harrison Ave and Thayer Street in Boston's South End. In 2015, USA Today's 10BEST readers poll voted the SoWa as the second best arts district in the country. Some First Fridays promote arts and culture combined with social networking, like First Fridays in Tucson, AZ . Other smaller-scale First Fridays serve as social gatherings for groups of friends or people new to an area and may involve no art. They may also include
615-450: Is the top networking event for African American professionals and consistently attracts over 16,000 people each month across North America according to First Fridays United. The First Fridays monthly events originated in 1987 as an outlet for African American professionals to mix, mingle and network. During the 1980s it was common for an individual to be the only black professional working in their company. First Fridays happy hours become
656-699: The American Revolutionary War , tobacco industries made the town their home. It was also known as a major slave market. Manchester was commercially successful primarily due to its agricultural mills and docks. From northwestern Chesterfield County, coal from the Midlothian area 13 miles west was transported to the docks at Manchester, first on the Manchester Turnpike , a toll road and Virginia's first graveled road of any length completed in 1807. Later, beginning in 1831,
697-589: The London Congestion Charge . In January 2008, the number of cyclists in London being treated in hospitals for serious injuries had increased by 100% in six years. Over the same time, they report, the number of cyclists had increased by 84%. In York, comparing the periods 1991-93 and 1996–98, the number of bicyclists killed and seriously injured fell by 59%. The share of trips made by bicycle rose from 15% to 18%. In Germany, between 1975 and 2001,
738-481: The county seat of Chesterfield County , between 1870 and 1876. Today, it is a part of the city of Richmond, Virginia . Originally known as Manastoh and later Rocky Ridge , it was located on the south bank of the James River at the fall line opposite the state capital city of Richmond, on the north side of the river. Manchester was an active port city, and was a port of entry for slave ships principally in
779-661: The 18th century. The port shipped out tobacco and coal which was transported 13 miles overland from the Midlothian -area mines on the Midlothian Turnpike , first paved toll road in Virginia in 1807, and the Chesterfield Railroad , the state's first in 1831. Manchester became an incorporated town in 1769 and an independent city in 1874. In 1910, it merged by mutual agreement with the larger state capital City of Richmond, achieving another "first" as
820-538: The City of Richmond south of the James River are locally referred to as "South Richmond", "South Side Richmond" or simply "South Side." Though part of the city of Richmond, Manchester's industrial presence continued to flourish in the 20th century. Manchester was serviced by Hull Street Station on the Southern Railway, built in 1901, the only major urban depot on the southern side of the James River. The skyline
861-585: The Falls of the James, to protect the frontier. After two years, Fort Charles was relocated to the south side, to the high ground above the later Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Bridge , on a tract owned by Capt. Thomas Harris. This land was then still known by its native name, Manastoh , but was thereafter renamed Rocky Ridge by the English. Rocky Ridge in 1769 became an incorporated town on Chesterfield County, with
SECTION 20
#1732776557667902-417: The James River divided Richmond on the north bank from its sister, Manchester, located on the south bank. A major issue for Manchester and Richmond residents in the 19th and early 20th century were the toll ferries and toll bridges over the James River. The latter were subject to frequent destruction by ice floes and flooding on the river. There were periodic talks and negotiations for over 35 years between
943-654: The Netherlands, between 1980 and 2005, and cyclist fatalities decreased by 58% and cycling increased by 45%. During 7 years of the 1980s, admissions to hospital of cyclists declined by 5% and cycling in Western Australia increased by 82%. Manchester, Virginia Manchester is a former independent city in Virginia in the United States . Prior to receiving independent status, it served as
984-520: The absolute number of cyclists killed or seriously injured decreased by 29% and the amount of cycling in New York city increased by 98%. In Portland, Oregon, between 1990 and 2000, the percentage of workers who commuted to work by bicycle rose from 1.1% to 1.8%. By 2008, the proportion has risen to 6.0%; while the number of workers increased by only 36% between 1990 and 2008, the number of workers commuting by bicycle increased 608%. Between 1992 and 2008,
1025-513: The cities before, in 1910, Manchester agreed to a political consolidation with the much larger independent City of Richmond . Richmond's better-known name was used for both areas as it contained the location of Virginia's state capital. Two of the key features of the consolidation agreement were requirements that a free bridge across the James River be built and that the separate courthouse in Manchester be maintained indefinitely. Instead of being
1066-535: The congested turnpike was supplemented by the gravity and mule-powered Chesterfield Railroad , the first railroad in Virginia, partially engineered and funded by the Virginia Board of Public Works . For its final several miles, the line followed present-day Maury Street, which was the southern border of Manchester for many years. It crossed over the steam-powered Richmond and Petersburg Railroad (later Atlantic Coast Line Railroad ) tracks (now abandoned) on
1107-469: The earliest of Virginia's independent cities to lose its identity. Today, "Old Manchester" is considered a neighborhood of Richmond . Many vestiges of its past are clearly visible, notably the courthouse, the Hull Street business district, a number of historic houses, and several former railroad and street railway buildings. As part of the community's African American heritage, a "slave trail" traces
1148-410: The effect can be easily produced through simple spatial processes (traffic design) akin to the biological herding processes described above. Without considering hypotheses 1 or 3, Jacobsen concluded that "A motorist is less likely to collide with a person walking and bicycling if more people walk or bicycle." He described this theory as "safety in numbers." Safety in numbers is also used to describe
1189-565: The evidence that the number of pedestrians or cyclists correlates inversely with the risk of a motorist colliding with a pedestrian or cyclist . This non-linear relationship was first shown at intersections. It has been confirmed by ecologic data from cities in California and Denmark, and European countries, and time-series data for the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. The number of pedestrians or bicyclists injured increases at
1230-625: The large First Friday events such as those in Phoenix, Arizona, attracting up to 20,000 attendees to hundreds of spaces. Various cities areas have First Fridays centered on politically conservative networking. The pioneer of these events began in Washington, D.C. , but similar events have found success in Virginia, Nevada, and Arizona. In many cities, First Fridays events place an emphasis on African American networking and business opportunities for African American professionals. First Friday
1271-423: The name of Manchester . Manchester grew to become a major seaport in the 17th through 19th centuries, as did its neighbor Richmond on the north bank of the river. Both were located at the head of navigation of the tidal James River at the geological fall line . Above that point, the river consists of seven miles of rapids before becoming more navigable again west of Richmond, although much shallower. Before
First Friday (public event) - Misplaced Pages Continue
1312-438: The number of bicyclists crossing four bridges into downtown was measured to have increased 369% between 1992 and 2008. During that same period, the number of reported crashes increased by only 14%. In Copenhagen, Denmark, between 1995 and 2006, the number of cyclists killed or seriously injured fell by 60%. During the same period, cycling increased by 44% and the percent of people cycling to work increased from 31% to 36%. In
1353-542: The route into the downtown area from where the slave ships docked along the river. Interstate 95 , and four other major highways, U.S. Routes 1 , 60 , 301 and 360 all cross the James River and enter downtown Richmond from Manchester. As a result of the Second Anglo-Powhatan War , in 1645 the Virginia Colony 's House of Burgesses provided for Fort Charles to be built and garrisoned at
1394-414: The safety effect creates an actual reduction of danger, rather than just a redistribution over a larger group. The mathematical biologist W.D. Hamilton proposed his selfish herd theory in 1971 to explain why animals seek central positions in a group. Each individual can reduce its own domain of danger by situating itself with neighbours all around, so it moves towards the centre of the group. The effect
1435-468: The total number of bicycle trips made in Berlin almost quadrupled. Between 1990 and 2007, the share of trips made by bicycle increased from 5% to 10%. Between 1992 and 2006, the number of serious bicycle injuries declined by 38%. In Germany as a whole, between 1975 and 1998, cyclist fatalities fell by 66% and the percent of trips made by bicycle rose from 8% to 12%. In America, during the period 1999-2007,
1476-553: The water until a large enough group has assembled, reducing each individual's risk of seal predation. This behavior is also seen in masting and predator satiation where the predators are overwhelmed with an abundance of prey during a period of time resulting in more of the prey surviving. In 1949 R. J. Smeed reported that per capita road fatality rates tended to be lower in countries with higher rates of motor vehicle ownership. This observation led to Smeed's Law . In 2003 Peter L. Jacobsen compared rates of walking and cycling, in
1517-574: Was briefly the county seat of Chesterfield County , from 1870 until 1876. County voters approved the move from Chesterfield Court House, Virginia , and the cornerstone of the new courthouse was laid on March 31, 1871. It was designed by Richmond-based architect A.L. West . The former courthouse complex on Hull Street is now the Manchester Division of the Richmond City courts. Manchester became an independent city in 1874, and
1558-646: Was one of the first to create a marketing plan for First Friday in Doylestown which turned the “art gallery model” into an all-merchant benefiting event. Safety in numbers Safety in numbers is the hypothesis that, by being part of a large physical group or mass, an individual is less likely to be the victim of a mishap, accident , attack, or other bad event. Some related theories also argue (and can show statistically) that mass behaviour (by becoming more predictable and "known" to other people) can reduce accident risks, such as in traffic safety – in this case,
1599-463: Was promoted in Finland, there was a 75% drop in cyclists deaths and the number of trips increased by 72%. In England, between 2000 and 2008, serious bicycle injuries declined by 12%. Over the same period, the number of bicycle trips made in London doubled. Motor vehicle traffic decreased by 16%, bicycle use increased by 28% and cyclist injuries had decreased by 20% in the first year of operation of
1640-428: Was tested in brown fur seal predation by great white sharks . Using decoy seals, the distance between decoys was varied to produce different domains of danger. The seals with a greater domain of danger had as predicted an increased risk of shark attack. Antipredator adaptations include behaviour such as the flocking of birds, herding of sheep and schooling of fish. Similarly, Adelie penguins wait to jump into
1681-542: Was therefore no longer technically located in Chesterfield County. In the election that year, county voters were again asked if they wished to relocate the county seat elsewhere, but rejected a move following a heated campaign, by a vote of 1,442 to 388. However, when the question of a move came up once again on the 1876 ballot, voters approved, 1290 to 772, a return to Chesterfield Courthouse, which became effective on July 1 that year. For over 250 years,