First Seimas of Lithuania was the first parliament ( Seimas ) democratically elected in Lithuania after it declared independence on February 16, 1918.
16-576: The elections took place on October 10–11, 1922 to replace the Constituent Assembly , which adopted the final constitution on August 1, 1922. The Seimas elected Aleksandras Stulginskis as the President of Lithuania and Ernestas Galvanauskas , as the new Prime Minister , was entrusted to form a new cabinet of ministers. However, no coalition could muster a majority and the Seimas was in
32-725: A deadlock: Galvanauskas formed two cabinets, and both got 38 votes for and against. As the Seimas could not continue in such manner, it was dissolved on March 12, 1923. New elections were held in May. The Seimas was faced with two major international issues: negotiation over the Vilnius Region and the Klaipėda Region . On November 20, 1922 the Seimas authorized Klaipėda Revolt , which started in January. Klaipėda became autonomous region of Lithuania. On March 15, 1923, in part reacting to
48-606: Is a city in northwestern Lithuania , a historical region of Samogitia . It has a population of 8,206 and is the administrative center of the Kelmė District Municipality . Kelmė's name is likely derived from the Lithuanian word kelmynės , literally: the stubby place , because of the forests that were there at the time of its founding. The Yiddish name is Kelm, as in Kelm Talmud Torah . Kelmė
64-615: The First Seimas . They were the first elections held in Lithuania under the 1922 constitution , which had been adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 1 August 1922. 38 out of 78 seats were won by a bloc of parties led by the Christian Democrats , and they acquired both the positions of President and Prime Minister, occupied by Aleksandras Stulginskis and Ernestas Galvanauskas respectively. In both cases, however,
80-760: The Lithuanian Nationalist Union ). All of them evolved from the secular nationalist newspaper Varpas , while the Christian Democrats evolved around the Catholic periodical Tėvynės sargas . The alliance of the Peasant Union and Popular Socialist Party presented itself as socialist and campaigned for the lifting of martial law and secularization . Though the main targets of the criticism were Christian Democrats and National Progress, they were also in opposition to
96-823: The Christian Democrats were not supported by any party in the opposition and could only form a minority government. Unable to work with such a makeup, the First Seimas was dissolved on 12 March 1923. The law on the conduct of Seimas elections was promulgated by the Constituent Assembly on 19 July 1922, and published in the official newspaper of the government, "Vyriausybės žinios" ( Government News ) on 27 July 1922. Elections were universal, free and secret, and all citizens of Lithuania, both men and women over 21 years old, were allowed to vote. Citizens 24 years old or older were allowed to stand for election. The elections were held with party-list proportional representation , in nine multi-member constituencies. In practice, only six of
112-567: The January revolt the Conference of Ambassadors confirmed a new demarcation line between Poland and Lithuania and western powers considered Vilnius dispute settled despite Lithuanian protests. This Lithuanian history -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . 1922 Lithuanian parliamentary election Parliamentary elections were held in Lithuania on 10 and 11 October 1922, electing 78 members of
128-651: The Social Democrats. The Social Democrats presented their electoral campaign as the first step towards a peaceful socialist revolution and campaigned for a "Seimas of the workers". All political parties supported the land reforms put in place by the Constituent Assembly, and oftentimes argued that their competitors will be the ones to roll back the reform. Separate electoral lists by the Polish , Jewish and Russian minorities also competed in
144-509: The election. Though the Christian Democratic Bloc achieved a plurality of the seats, they were unable to form a majority coalition, nor did the opposition parties manage to unite against them. The next President and Prime Minister were thus elected via violations of electoral conduct. Protesting against the Christian Democrats, the opposition parties refused to participate in the election of Aleksandras Stulginskis and he
160-715: The elections law was amended to allow two days of voting (with possibility of a third day of voting). Three days of voting took place in Kelmė . The largest and most active electoral alliance in the election was the Christian Democratic Bloc , formed from the Lithuanian Christian Democratic Party and two satellite organizations - Labour Federation , which represented Catholic workers, and Farmers' Association , which represented Catholic peasantry. The Christian Democratic Bloc
176-544: The nine defined constituencies held elections, as Constituencies VII, VIII and IX were allocated to territories occupied by Poland during the Polish–Lithuanian War in 1920. Their centers were Vilnius , Lida and Hrodna respectively. Seats in constituencies were distributed by largest remainder method . Parties and electoral groups ( kuopa ) were allowed to submit lists of candidates to constituencies, which had to be signed by at least fifty voters. As such, there
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#1732787217996192-564: The vast majority of whom were merchants and traders and lived in the town. Most of the Jews in Kelmė rural district were murdered during a mass execution on 29 July 1941. On August 22 a second mass execution occurred. On 2 October 1941, some Kelmė and Vaiguva Jews were murdered in Žagarė . The executions were committed by the Germans soldiers, auxiliary police and Lithuanian collaborators. In total,
208-403: Was a large number of small electoral lists in every constituency. However, the method of calculating the distribution of seats in each constituency benefited larger parties, as such, the only non-party electoral group which managed to gain seats were lists submitted by the underground Communist Party of Lithuania . Initially, voting was designed to take place only one day, but several days before
224-478: Was elected solely with Christian Democratic votes. Two governments led by independent politician Ernestas Galvanauskas were formed, but in both cases they were approved with 38 votes in favor and 38 votes against (2 members of the Seimas did not participate), which the opposition criticized as illegal. The formed government was unstable and the First Seimas was dissolved on 12 March 1923. Kelm%C4%97 Kelmė ( pronunciation ; Polish : Kielmy )
240-610: Was first mentioned in 1416, the year that Kelmė's first church was built. It was located in the Duchy of Samogitia in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania within the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth . Prior to World War II , Kelmė ( Yiddish : Kelm ) was home to a famous Rabbinical College, the Kelm Talmud Torah . According to an 1897 census, 2,710 of Kelme's 3,914 inhabitants were members of the town's Jewish population,
256-600: Was strongly supported by the Lithuanian priesthood, which had a strong influence in the agrarian and less literate countryside, and numerous priests were a part of their electoral lists. However, the Christian Democrats were isolated in the political arena. Historically, LKDP evolved from a different stream of the Lithuanian National Revival than all of their competitors - the Peasant Union , Social Democrats and Party of National Progress (later
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