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67-471: Speaking in first person, the text starts by describing the speaker as the first thought, a movement in all things, and the source of life and knowledge. The speaker is called by three names, and is invisible yet able to reveal itself. The voice that comes from the speaker's thought is said to exist as three permanences: the father, the mother, and the son. The voice is a rich and glorious speech with three masculinities, powers, and names. The speaker descended into

134-527: A "new man" who undid the damage caused by the fall of the first man, Adam. Just as the Johannine view of Jesus as the incarnate Logos proclaims the universal relevance of his birth, the Pauline perspective emphasizes the birth of a new man and a new world in the birth of Jesus. Paul's eschatological view of Jesus counter-positions him as a new man of morality and obedience, in contrast to Adam. Unlike Adam,

201-608: A contradiction in Jesus' genealogies: Matthew saying he is the son of Solomon and Luke saying he is the son of Nathan —Solomon and Nathan being brothers. John of Damascus taught that there is no contradiction, for Nathan wed Solomon's wife after Solomon died in accordance with scripture, namely, yibbum (the mitzvah that a man must marry his brother's childless widow). Jesus grew up in Galilee and much of his ministry took place there. The languages spoken in Galilee and Judea during

268-517: A medieval manuscript, MS No.1985, where Galatians 2:20 has "Son of God" changed to "God the Son". In English, this term comes from Latin usage, as seen in the Athanasian Creed and other early church texts. In Greek, "God the Son" is written as ho Theos ho huios (ὁ Θεός ὁ υἱός ), which is different from ho huios tou Theou (ὁ υἱός τοῦ Θεοῦ), meaning " Son of God ." In Latin, "God the Son"

335-415: A teaching which usually relates the physical world to the spiritual world. In the 19th century, Lisco and Fairbairn stated that in the parables of Jesus, "the image borrowed from the visible world is accompanied by a truth from the invisible (spiritual) world" and that the parables of Jesus are not "mere similitudes which serve the purpose of illustration, but are internal analogies where nature becomes

402-410: A witness for the spiritual world". Similarly, in the 20th century, calling a parable "an earthly story with a heavenly meaning", William Barclay states that the parables of Jesus use familiar examples to lead others' minds towards heavenly concepts. He suggests that Jesus did not form his parables merely as analogies but based on an "inward affinity between the natural and the spiritual order." One of

469-677: Is Deus Filius . This term appears in the Athanasian Creed: Et tamen non tres omnipotentes, sed unus omnipotens. Ita Deus Pater, Deus Filius, Deus [et] Spiritus Sanctus , which means "So the Father is God, the Son is God, and the Holy Spirit is God," distinguishing it from filius Dei , meaning "son of God." The term deus filius is used in the Athanasian Creed and formulas such as Deus Pater, Deus Filius, Deus Spiritus Sanctus: Et non tres Dii, sed unus est Deus. The term

536-407: Is a decree of his annulment. Sophia comes down to chaos and empowers her own, and reveals herself to the children of light, who are her portion. She breaks the bonds of the underworld demons and informs the children of light how to return to where they first were. Sophia is the first to descend for her portion, which is the spirit in the soul . The speaker is a voice that appeared through thought and

603-542: Is a reference to Moses in his interaction with preincarnate God in the Old Testament: "And God said to Moses, ' I am who I am .' And he said, "Thus you shall say to the children of Israel, ' I AM has sent me to you. ' " ( Exodus 3:14 ) A manuscript variant in John 1:18 (Θεὸν οὐδεὶς ἑώρακεν πώποτε· μονογενὴς Θεὸς ὁ ὢν εἰς τὸν κόλπον τοῦ Πατρὸς, ἐκεῖνος ἐξηγήσατο) has led to translations including "God

670-542: Is and accept him, he purposely did this to make provision for Gentiles to be part of the children of God. Believe the miracles, that you may know and understand that the Father is in me, and I in the Father . — John 10:38 In Christian teachings, the miracles of Jesus were as much a vehicle for his message as were his words. Many of the miracles emphasize the importance of faith, for instance in cleansing ten lepers , Jesus did not say: "My power has saved you" but says "Rise and go; your faith has saved you." Similarly, in

737-403: Is androgynous, both mother and father, and gives shape to all through bearing light. The speaker invites the listener into the high perfect light and offers to glorify, enthrone, and baptize them. The speaker also reveals that they have hidden in everyone and revealed themselves in them, and that they created breath and cast the eternally holy spirit into their people. The speaker is the word in

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804-519: Is mediator, but […] the title means more than someone between God and man. He is not just a third party between God and humanity. [...] As true God he brings God to mankind. As true man he brings mankind to God. Most Christians generally consider Jesus to be the Christ, the long-awaited Messiah , as well as the one and only Son of God. The opening words in the Gospel of Mark ( 1:1 ), "The beginning of

871-688: Is often interpreted, especially by Trinitarians, to identify the pre-existent Jesus with this Word. The disputed Comma Johanneum (1 John 5:7) includes the Son in the formula "For there are three that bear witness in heaven: the Father, the Word, and the Holy Spirit; and these three are one." Christians believe that Jesus is the only begotten Son of God (John 3:16). Jesus identified himself in New Testament canonical writings. "Jesus said to them, 'Most assuredly, I say to you, before Abraham was, I AM . ' " (John 8:58), which some Trinitarians believe

938-441: Is one joined to another. The speaker is called the unchanging speech, the mother of the voice, and the thought of the invisible one. The speaker has come twice, once in the likeness of masculinity and the second time in the likeness of a female. The speaker reveals the coming end of this realm and the beginning of the eternal realm without change. The powers are disturbed by the voice of the speaker, but do not recognize it. The speaker

1005-729: Is the Son of God as chronicled in the Bible 's New Testament , and in most Christian denominations he is held to be God the Son , a prosopon (Person) of the Trinity of God . Christians believe him to be the messiah (giving him the title Christ ), who was prophesied in the Bible's Old Testament . Through Jesus's crucifixion and resurrection , Christians believe that God offers humans salvation and eternal life , with Jesus's death atoning for all sin . These teachings emphasize that as

1072-520: Is the teaching that Jesus (The Word of God) came from the bosom of God the Father and became a living being who then translated into a foetus in the womb of (Virgin Mary) through a supernatural means, as professed by believers in Christ . The pre-existence of Christ refers to the existence of Christ before his incarnation as Jesus. One of the relevant New Testament passages is John 1:1-18 where, in

1139-577: Is used by Augustine of Hippo in his On the Trinity , for example in discussion of the Son's obedience to God the Father: deo patri deus filius obediens . and in Sermon 90 on the New Testament "2. For hold this fast as a firm and settled truth, if you would continue Catholics, that God the Father begot God the Son without time, and made Him of a Virgin in time." The Augsburg Confession (1530) adopted

1206-452: Is used to refer to Jesus in the Gospel of Mark at the beginning in verse 1:1 and at its end in chapter 15 verse 39. Max Botner wrote, "Indeed, if Mark 1:1 presents the "normative understanding" of Jesus' identity, then it makes a significant difference what the text includes". The Logos or Word in John 1:1 ("In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God),

1273-589: The Annunciation up to the Crucifixion . The declaration that Jesus is the Son of God is made by many individuals in the New Testament, and on two occasions by God the Father as a voice from Heaven, and is asserted by Jesus himself. In Christology , the concept that Christ is the Logos (i.e., "The Word") has been important in establishing the doctrine of the divinity of Christ and his position as God

1340-521: The Apostolic Age , from the 2nd century forward, several controversies developed about how the human and divine are related within the person of Jesus. Eventually in 451, the concept of a hypostatic union was stated at the Council of Chalcedon, namely that Jesus is both fully divine and fully human. However, differences among Christian denominations continued thereafter, with some rejecting

1407-540: The Canonical Gospels are the major source of the teachings of Jesus, the Pauline epistles, which were likely written decades before the gospels, provide some of the earliest written accounts of the teachings of Jesus. The New Testament does not present the teachings of Jesus as merely his own teachings, but equates the words of Jesus with divine revelation, with John the Baptist stating in John 3:34 : "For

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1474-684: The Farewell Discourse delivered after the Last Supper , the night before his Crucifixion. Although some of the teachings of Jesus are reported as taking place within the formal atmosphere of a synagogue (e.g., in Matthew 4:23 ) many of the discourses are more like conversations than formal lectures. The Gospel of Matthew has a structured set of sermons, often grouped as the Five Discourses of Matthew which present many of

1541-570: The Gospel of John it was impossible to narrate all the miracles performed by Jesus, the Catholic Encyclopedia states that the miracles presented in the Gospels were selected for a twofold reason: first for the manifestation of God's glory, and then for their evidential value. Jesus referred to his "works" as evidences of his mission and his divinity, and in John 5:36 he declared that his miracles have greater evidential value than

1608-548: The Lamb of God , Jesus chose to suffer nailed to the cross at Calvary as a sign of his obedience to the will of God, as an "agent and servant of God". Jesus's choice positions him as a man of obedience, in contrast to Adam 's disobedience. According to the New Testament, after God raised him from the dead, Jesus ascended to heaven to sit at the right hand of God the Father , with his followers awaiting his return to Earth and God's subsequent Last Judgment . According to

1675-561: The Walking on Water miracle, Apostle Peter learns an important lesson about faith in that as his faith wavers, he begins to sink. One characteristic shared among all miracles of Jesus in the Gospel accounts is that he delivered benefits freely and never requested or accepted any form of payment for his healing miracles, unlike some high priests of his time who charged those who were healed. In Matthew 10:8 he advised his disciples to heal

1742-493: The canonical gospels and New Testament letters such as the Paul epistles . Christians predominantly hold that these works are historically true. Those Christian groups or denominations which are committed to what are considered biblically orthodox Christianity nearly all agree that Jesus: Some groups considered to be Christian hold beliefs that are considered to be heterodox . For example, believers in monophysitism reject

1809-431: The early Christians there was no need to claim that Jesus was Christ, for that was considered widely accepted among them. Hence Paul could use the term Christos with no confusion about who it referred to, and as in 1 Corinthians 4:15 and Romans 12:5 he could use expressions such as "in Christ" to refer to the followers of Jesus. In the New Testament, the title "Son of God" is applied to Jesus on many occasions, from

1876-473: The gospel accounts, Jesus was born of a virgin , and he taught other Jews how to follow God (sometimes using parables ), performed miracles and gathered disciples . Christians generally believe that this narrative is historically true . While there has been theological debate over the nature of Jesus , Trinitarian Christians believe that Jesus is the Logos , God incarnate (God in human form), God

1943-560: The 1st century AD include Jewish Palestinian Aramaic , Hebrew , and Greek , with Aramaic being predominant. There is substantial consensus that Jesus gave most of his teachings in Aramaic in the Galilean dialect . The canonical gospels describe Jesus wearing tzitzit – the tassels on a tallit – in Matthew 14:36 and Luke 8:43–44 . Besides this, the New Testament includes no descriptions of Jesus' appearance before his death and

2010-518: The 2nd century Church Father Irenaeus writes: "When He became incarnate and was made man, He commenced afresh the long line of human beings, and furnished us, in a brief, comprehensive manner, with salvation; so that what we had lost in Adam—namely to be according to the image and likeness of God- that we might recover in Christ Jesus." In patristic theology, Paul's contrasting of Jesus as

2077-484: The Father who dwells in me does his works. — John 14:10 In the New Testament the teachings of Jesus are presented in terms of his "words and works". The words of Jesus include several sermons, in addition to parables that appear throughout the narrative of the Synoptic Gospels (the gospel of John includes no parables). The works include the miracles and other acts performed during his ministry. Although

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2144-492: The Father, Jesus began a "new harmony" in the relationship between God the Father and man. The nativity and resurrection of Jesus thus created the author and exemplar of a new humanity. In this view, the birth, death and resurrection of Jesus brought about salvation, undoing the damage of Adam. As the biological son of David , Jesus would be of the Jewish race, ethnicity, nation, and culture . One argument against this would be

2211-451: The One and Only" ( NIV , 1984) referring to the Son. Later theological use of this expression (compare Latin: Deus Filius ) reflects what came to be the standard interpretation of New Testament references, understood to imply Jesus' divinity, but with the distinction of his person from another person of the Trinity called the Father. As such, the title is associated more with the development of

2278-618: The River Jordan, he returns to the area where he was baptized. The final ministry in Jerusalem is sometimes called the Passion Week and begins with the Jesus' triumphal entry into Jerusalem . The gospels provide more details about the final ministry than the other periods, devoting about one third of their text to the last week of the life of Jesus in Jerusalem . The words that I say unto you I speak not from myself: but

2345-519: The Son God the Son ( Greek : Θεὸς ὁ υἱός , Latin : Deus Filius ; Hebrew : האל הבן ) is the second Person of the Trinity in Christian theology . According to Christian doctrine , God the Son, in the form of Jesus Christ , is the incarnation of the eternal , pre-existent divine Logos ( Koine Greek for "word") through whom all things were created. Although the precise term "God

2412-501: The Son in the Trinity as set forth in the Chalcedonian Creed . This derives from the opening of the Gospel of John , commonly translated into English as: "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God." λόγος in the original Koine Greek is translated as Word and in theological discourse, this is often left in its English transliterated form, Logos . The easiest way to understand this

2479-725: The Son to be "begotten of [...] the substance of" God the Father, and therefore one part of a single whole, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints holds that God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Ghost are in fact three separate beings. This is not to be confused with the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints , which does maintain the one-ness of the trinity. Jesus in Christianity In Christianity , Jesus

2546-409: The Son" does not appear in the Bible , it serves as a theological designation expressing the understanding of Jesus as a part of the Trinity, distinct yet united in essence with God the Father and God the Holy Spirit (the first and third Persons of the Trinity respectively). The phrase "God the Son" does not appear in the Bible but is found in later Christian writings. It mistakenly appears in

2613-484: The Son, and " true God and true man "—fully divine and fully human. Jesus, having become fully human in all respects, suffered the pains and temptations of a mortal man, yet he did not sin . Although Christian views of Jesus vary, it is possible to summarise the key elements of the beliefs shared by major Christian denominations by analysing their catechetical or confessional texts. Christian views of Jesus are derived from various biblical sources, particularly from

2680-594: The Trinitarian view, Christ is identified with a pre-existent divine hypostasis called the Logos or Word. This doctrine is reiterated in John 17:5 when Jesus refers to the glory which he had with the Father "before the world was" during the Farewell Discourse . John 17:24 also refers to the Father loving Jesus "before the foundation of the world". Nontrinitarian views about the pre-existence of Christ vary, with some rejecting it and others accepting it. Following

2747-524: The Twelve Apostles , and covers most of the ministry of Jesus in Galilee. The final Galilean ministry begins after the death of John the Baptist as Jesus prepares to go to Jerusalem. In the later Judean ministry Jesus starts his final journey to Jerusalem through Judea. As Jesus travels towards Jerusalem, in the later Perean ministry, about one third the way down from the Sea of Galilee along

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2814-652: The character of the people of the Kingdom of God , expressed as "blessings". The Beatitudes focus on love and humility rather than force and exaction and echo the key ideals of Jesus' teachings on spirituality and compassion. The other discourses in Matthew include the Missionary Discourse in Matthew 10 and the Discourse on the Church in Matthew 18 , providing instructions to the disciples and laying

2881-606: The concept along with the word Trinity as extrabiblical terminology. Oneness Pentecostals , who affirm his divinity, object to the term as an unauthorized reversal of the language of Scripture which describes him 40 times as the "Son of God." The New Philadelphia Church of Christ, which accepts both the Deity of Christ and the trinity doctrine, also avoids the term because they stress the importance to 'Call Bible things by Bible names, and talk about Bible things in Bible ways.' While most mainstream Christian denominations hold God

2948-469: The creation and establishment of the eternal realms by the perfect son, the anointed , and his glory. The great light Eleleth (a luminary ) says that he is king, and a great demon named Yaldabaoth , who took power from Sophia, appears. Sophia then reveals her voice secretly and comes down to the world of mortals to counter the plan of the demon. The demon creates a human being in Sophia's likeness, but it

3015-868: The cross to his father 's house. The text ends with the speaker proclaiming the ineffable five seals (a Sethian baptismal rite) to live in the reader and for the reader to live in it. The content of the text is Sethian and, thus, shares beliefs with other Sethian Gnostic works, such as the Apocryphon of John , Zostrianos , Holy Book of the Great Invisible Spirit , and Three Steles of Seth . The first-person pronouncements are similar to those in The Thunder, Perfect Mind . Buckley (2010) notes similarities with Mandaean baptism ( masbuta ) as described in Mandaean texts . God

3082-486: The dead, he restored humanity's right relationship with God with the blood of the New Covenant . His death on a cross is understood as a redemptive sacrifice: the source of humanity's salvation and the atonement for sin which had entered human history through the sin of Adam . But who do you say that I am? Only Simon Peter answered him: You are the Christ, the Son of the living God — Matthew 16:15-16 Jesus

3149-408: The doctrine of the Trinity. Trinitarians believe that a clear reference to the Trinity occurs in Matthew 28:19 , "Go, therefore, and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit." Groups of both trinitarian and nontrinitarian Christians reject the term "God the Son" to describe Jesus Christ. For example, Jehovah's Witnesses reject

3216-450: The foundation of the codes of conduct for the anticipated community of followers. The parables of Jesus represent a major component of his teachings in the gospels, the approximately thirty parables forming about one third of his recorded teachings. The parables may appear within longer sermons, as well as other places within the narrative. Jesus' parables are seemingly simple and memorable stories, often with imagery, and each conveys

3283-456: The gospel narratives are generally indifferent to people's racial appearance or features. The thief comes only in order to steal and kill and destroy. I came that they may have and enjoy life, and have it in abundance (to the full, till it overflows). —John 10:10 (Ampl) Jesus seemed to have two basic concerns with reference to people and the material: (1) that they be freed from the tyranny of things and (2) that they be actively concerned for

3350-477: The gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God", provide Jesus with the two distinct attributions as Christ and as the Son of God. His divinity is again re-affirmed in Mark 1:11 . Matthew 1:1 which begins by calling Jesus the Christ and in verse 16 explains it again with the affirmation: "Jesus, who is called Christ". In the Pauline epistles, the word Christ is so closely associated with Jesus that apparently for

3417-480: The hypostatic union in favor of monophysitism. He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of all creation. For by him all things were created, in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible . — Colossians 1:15-16 The above verse from Colossians regards the birth of Jesus as the model for all creation. Paul the Apostle viewed the birth of Jesus as an event of cosmic significance which brought forth

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3484-467: The idea that Christ has two natures, one human and one divine. The five major milestones in the gospel narrative of the life of Jesus are his baptism , transfiguration , death by crucifixion, resurrection and ascension to Heaven . These are usually bracketed by two other episodes: his nativity at the beginning and the sending of the Paraclete (Holy Spirit) at the end. The gospel accounts of

3551-434: The ineffable voice and light that came from the great speech of the mother. The speaker reveals its mysteries to the reader, who is considered a brother or sister. The speaker then came three times: once as the voice's speech, then as the word, and finally as light. The speaker delivered the reader to various entities, and the reader was given the five seals from the light of the mother. The speaker wore Jesus and took him from

3618-519: The key teachings of Jesus. Each of the five discourses has some parallel passages in the Gospel of Mark or the Gospel of Luke . The five discourses in Matthew begin with the Sermon on the Mount , which encapsulates many of the moral teachings of Jesus and which is one of the best known and most quoted elements of the New Testament. The Sermon on the Mount includes the Beatitudes which describe

3685-532: The major reasons why Jesus spoke in parables to the Jews was explained to the disciples of Jesus by Jesus himself. It is found in Matthew 13:13-14; there Jesus explains why he used much of parables to the people of Israel . Jesus explained that it was so for the fulfillment of the prophecy of Isaiah the prophet, and this is found in Isaiah 6:9-10. This was for the people of Israel not to understand and realize who Jesus

3752-416: The miracles were evidences of his deity. Christian authors also view the miracles of Jesus not merely as acts of power and omnipotence, but as works of love and mercy: they were performed to show compassion for sinful and suffering humanity. Authors Ken and Jim Stocker state that "every single miracle Jesus performed was an act of love". And each miracle involves specific teachings. Since according to

3819-406: The most important of Jesus' teachings is his second coming in Matthew 24 and Luke 21 . There Jesus explained the signs of the last days , popularly known as the end-time . These are the days that precedes the second coming of Jesus Christ , there he spoke of the signs of the end of days and what will happen to the believers in Christ, the persecution and the troubles that will come upon

3886-578: The needs of others. In the canonical gospels, the Ministry of Jesus begins with his baptism in the countryside of Judea , near the River Jordan and ends in Jerusalem , following the Last Supper . The Gospel of Luke ( 3:23 ) states that Jesus was "about 30 years of age" at the start of his ministry. The date of the start of his ministry has been estimated at around AD 27 to 29 and the end in

3953-413: The new man born in Jesus obeys God and ushers in a world of morality and salvation. In the Pauline view, Adam is positioned as the first man and Jesus as the second: Adam, having corrupted himself by his disobedience, also infected humanity and left it with a curse as its inheritance. The birth of Jesus counterbalanced the fall of Adam, bringing forth redemption and repairing the damage done by Adam. In

4020-491: The new man versus Adam provided a framework for discussing the uniqueness of the birth of Jesus and the ensuing events of his life. The nativity of Jesus thus began to serve as the starting point for "cosmic Christology" in which the birth, life and resurrection of Jesus have universal implications. The concept of Jesus as the "new man" repeats in the cycle of birth and rebirth of Jesus from his nativity to his resurrection: following his birth, through his morality and obedience to

4087-454: The one whom God has sent speaks the words of God, for God gives the Spirit without limit." and Jesus stating in John 7:16 : "My teaching is not my own. It comes from the one who sent me". In Matthew 11:27 Jesus claims divine knowledge, stating: "No one knows the Son except the Father and no one knows the Father except the Son", asserting the mutual knowledge he has with the Father. One of

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4154-613: The phrase as Gott der Sohn . Jacques Forget (1910) in the Catholic Encyclopedia article "Holy Ghost" notes that "Among the apologists, Athenagoras mentions the Holy Ghost along with, and on the same plane as, the Father and the Son. 'Who would not be astonished', says he ( A Plea for the Christians 10), 'to hear us called atheists, us who confess God the Father, God the Son and the Holy Ghost, and hold them one in power and distinct in order.' " "Son of God"

4221-458: The range AD 30 to 36. Jesus' early Galilean ministry begins when after his baptism, he goes back to Galilee from his time in the Judean desert . In this early period he preaches around Galilee and recruits his first disciples who begin to travel with him and eventually form the core of the early Church. The major Galilean ministry which begins in Matthew 8 includes the commissioning of

4288-601: The sick, raise the dead, cleanse those who have leprosy, and drive out demons without payment and stated: "Freely you have received; freely give". Christians in general believe that Jesus' miracles were actual historical events and that his miraculous works were an important part of his life, attesting to his divinity and the Hypostatic union , i.e., the dual natures of Christ's humanity and divinity in one hypostasis. Christians believe that while Jesus' experiences of hunger, weariness, and death were evidences of his humanity,

4355-547: The teachings of Jesus are often presented in terms of specific categories involving his "works and words", e.g., his ministry , parables and miracles . Christians not only attach theological significance to the works of Jesus, but also to his name . Devotions to the name of Jesus go back to the earliest days of Christianity . These exist today both in Eastern and Western Christianity . Christians predominantly profess that through Jesus' life, death, and rising from

4422-413: The underworld and shone down on the darkness and through the voice, knowledge comes. The Son , who is the Word , revealed the everlasting and preached to those in darkness and in the abyss, teaching ineffable mysteries to those who became children of the light. The voice is described as having three shapes in the manner of a triad, secretly in silence of the ineffable one. The text continues by describing

4489-574: The world. The second coming of Jesus is mainly divided into two, namely; the Rapture and the Second Coming . The rapture being the time Jesus comes in the air to take up his saints to Heaven for a period of seven years and the second coming, being a time he comes with the saints to rule the earth for a thousand years. It is also referred to as the millennial reign. The gospels include several discourses by Jesus on specific occasions, such as

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